Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo: Shlisselburg. Shlisselburg inqaba

Shlisselburg, ifoto ongenza kuye umnqweno kutyelela, - iziko lolawulo phezu kodonga lasekhohlo Neva ngqo Lake Ladoga, kwi iikhilomitha ezingamashumi amabini anesine kwimpuma St. Petersburg.

History of the dolophu

Esi sixeko samandulo unalo ubutyebi bembali kunye ezinika ezininzi. Shlisselburg yasekwa ngo-1323 yi-Prince kaYuri Danilovich. Yaba ngeli xesha kwi Nut Island, apho kwakukho ezintshinyeleni Hazel, yasekwa inqaba ngomthi enegama elifanayo. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo ligama lokuqala ndawo kwaba ngenxa yokuba phezulu kwalo intwana somhlaba iyafana kakhulu shape nut.

I balwa wazama izihlandlo eziliqela ukoyisa nqaba ukuba amsunduze Novgorod evela kwilizwe landlocked nzulu, kodwa iinzame zabo de ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe abaphumelelanga. Kodwa ngo-1613 enqabeni wathathwa. Nabanqobi igama it Noteburg. A kancinane ngaphantsi kwekhulu ligqithile phambi kwexesha xa umkhosi uPetros Great ngo-1702 wakwazi ukwenza inqaba.

Emva kwamashumi eliqela kuloo ndawo aqalisa ukwenza zokuhlala ezininzi. Kwaye kakade ngo 1780 kule bendawo wanikwa iwonga dolophu. Namhlanje, abakhenkethi eze apha ukuze ubone izinto zayo.

Shlisselburg namhlanje

Okwangoku, esi sixeko - u ta va a ezintsonkothileyo yinxalenye, okuhlanganisa ezikhumbuzo zembali bokwakha yelo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo kwemihlaba ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine de Second World War. Noko ke, isakhiwo elifana kakhulu ngayo inqaba. Shlisselburg - idolophu encinane. Ehlala abantu malunga neshumi elinesihlanu lamawaka.

Le lali encinane yephondo olunempumelelo kushishino okanye enkulu amaziko, kuquka evenkileni. Wakha ekuqaleni zalapho kwinkulungwane yokugqibela namhlanje bumi amanxuwa. Noko ke, imbali sixeko kunye nenkangeleko yalo entle - babe ezinika zabo. Schlisselburg ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic yaba kwindawo ngoyaba kwi iindlela ukuya njengomzi ongqingiweyo kwi Neva. Esebenzisa inqaba bakhutshwe abahlali iLeningrad yiyo wamnikela iimveliso. A elishumi kamva, waba imyuziyam olukhulu ngaloo minyaka enzima.

izinto

Ngaphandle inqaba, isixeko angabona zesikhumbuzo ezinjalo emangalisayo bokwakha ezifana ibandla St Nicholas Cathedral of Yokuzalwa Ioanna Predtechi kunye Annunciation, indlwana encinane Kazan Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Abaninzi Shlisselburg kunye kwiimyuziyam ezinikelwe imipu yomkhosi wamanzi, imbali sixeko. Kukho kwakhona walondoloza ekhethekileyo ngokwenene iinkonzo zobunjineli, eshiyeke kwe Ladoga umsele endala. Le sluice lenyengane elakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-yeshumi elinesithoba, ibhulorho, wakha phezu kweentsika. ezikhumbuzo ifudusiwe ezifana Arcade, mfanekiso uPetros mna t. D.

Ngokubanzi, Shlisselburg imephu kunye neempawu iyamangalisa nje ngamandla alo. Abakhenkethi kwakholeka ukuza apha ukujonga isakhiwo emangalisayo.

Oreshek inqaba

Shlisselburg wayesoloko phesheya kumda Swedish. Kungenxa apha lwakwakhiwa inqaba yamandulo. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwale zokuzifaka apha Wayengqongwe kwenqaba ezinzulu. Kodwa izakhiwo yeplanga emva komlilo kwafuneka itshintshwe ngamatye. Nqaba uye utshintsho: anda kwindawo yayo, neendonga wavuka ukuba pyatnadtsatimetrovoy ukuphakama.

Kodwa kungekudala yalahlekelwa intsingiselo yalo ukuzithethelela yaye uye waba ngomnye yeentolongo ezimbi kweli lizwe. Amabanjwa zigcinwe emhadini ezimdaka kunye ezimanzi evalelwe yedwa. nesiphelo kabuhlungu kokufa. Chance yokubalekela apha babengenayo nayiphi na.

Okokuqala apha bavalelwa indlu yakomkhulu: umfazi wokuqala Petra Lopuhina, udade wabo Maria A. kunye nabanye. Kwakukho izivakalisi sikhonza kunye ngamagosa kudana. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinesibhozo, kule ngxaki ongenakuwelwa kunye nootitshala. Novikov, Krechetov, Karamzin, yaye ukususela kwikota yesibini kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, i Decembrists Bestuzhev, Kyuhelbekker, Leo - bonke bephela ibekwe nut.

Emva kokuba February Revolution, amabanjwa nqaba yakhulula bavukeli ukusebenza Shlisselburg. Izakhiwo zentolongo itshiswe.

Xa yamashumi namathathu fambisiwaka isebe Museum zemishini ka-Oktobha Revolution.

Ebudeni bekhefu nasekuxinweni of iLeningrad ngoJanuwari, mane-wesithathu, ezinika abaninzi baye kutshatyalaliswa. Shlisselburg, wabiza Petrokrepost ngaloo minyaka, ubunzima intshabalalo kakhulu. Ekhulula isixeko ngoJanuwari 1943, le izilwi iLeningrad Front, zixhaswa yi kwiBaltic Fleet, kwaye kwakhona kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe. Ekupheleni koo-Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane esidlulileyo wabuyela igama layo zembali - inqaba Shlisselburg.

Cathedral kukaYohane St. uMbhaptizi

Xa kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni elinesixhenxe, i balwa, sibambe Ixesha Iingxaki, laqalisa ekhubekisayo emantla-ntshona emideni Russia, ukuwa yokuqala inqaba. Kwaye xa Russian wabanjwa kwinqaba iShushan, into yokuqala baqala ukujonga kwe icon Kazan uMama kaThixo, ayeze nkqu kwiminyaka wolawulo Ivan labangcangcazelisi. Ibali elimangalisayo yomfanekiso namhlanje waxelela ngexesha izikhokelo tour Shlisselburg. Kubonakala ukuba iwele elinye inqaba indawo Prinevskoye amaziko zokomoya. Le icon yenziwa ibekwe apha indlwana encinane. Phambi kuziswa abavikeli enqaba elunge bricked eludongeni, leyo eziguqulelwe kwi ibandla yi-balwa. Ngoko ke icon wamgcinela malunga nenkulungwane.

Ladoga umsele

Lo mfula inxibelelanisa Ladoga ecaleni Neva River ukuya emlanjeni Volkhov. Namhlanje Shlisselburg kukho iindlela ezimbini ezinxuseneyo omnye komnye, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo ekuqaleni Staraya Ladoga, nto leyo ekugqibeleni womile kwaye ayegqunyelelwe, kwaye Ladoga - yinto entsha noko. Isebenza unanamhla.

Staroladozhsky igama njengoMlawuli Petra Velikogo Canal. Ku yakhiwa ngukumkani-wenguquko kwaye ubude malunga elikhulu elinamanci mabini leekhilomitha.

Ngokutsho iprojekthi yokuqala, yayakhiwe ngaphandle lock. channel ubunzulu - 210 neesentimitha ngaphantsi kwenqanaba Lake Ladoga. Ngelo lokuqala ukwakha ngandlel kwalibaziseka ngenxa iikontraki zingakhathaliyo ukwenza ushishino. Ngowe-1723 uPetros ukuzihlolela isakhiwo, wayalela ukubanjwa sluice German iingcibi. Ukwakhiwa umjelo likarhulumente kucingelwa.

Ngowe-1726, le ndawo phakathi kwilali Volkhov kunye Black wayephethe, waqalisa ukuhamba imikhombe, ekhawulezayo kakhulu umsebenzi. Amashumi-yesibini ka October 1730 ukwakhiwa ijelo lugqityiwe. Ngelo xesha kwakukho isakhiwo inkulu ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi eYurophu.

Cathedral of the Annunciation

Ekuqaleni ngo-1726 icawa somthi kwakhiwa endaweni yayo. Noko ke, emva kwamashumi amane, ukuba indawo lilitye.

Ngexesha umzabalazo kunye icawe urhulumente waseSoviet ngo-1935 ivaliwe isonto, kodwa iminyaka imikhosi Great Patriotic amarhamente iye yavulwa kwaye wenza kuyo imfazwe. Emva kokuphumelela kwakhona kwiCEMIS eso sithili.

Cathedral Square kukodwa ibamba kunye nezinye izakhiwo magnificent ngokulinganayo. kule intsimbi nenqaba kweyeshumi elinesibhozo ithe nca apha. Ukususela ngo-1990, ukubuyiselwa St Nicholas iCawa, kunye nonyaka emva koko - ukuba Cathedral le Annunciation. Xa isayithi ye-indlwana endala eyenziwe ngomthi yakhiwa Kazan, eyakhelwe imizobo yi womzobi Ershov.

Petrovsky ibhulorho

Ekubeni ecaleni Cathedral le Chain Annunciation Bridge iintsalela awayesakuba abanqunyanyisiweyo - Petrovsky nomjelo eyayisetyenziswa ukususela 1826 wada 1832. Kwaye nezixhotyiswe kweminwe draw, iyileyo waba ubude iziimitha ezisibhozo enesiqingatha. Ibhulorho inika ngombono omangalisayo. Kwelinye icala elinye oko gateway Staraya Ladoga emseleni nangapha - ankile iinqanawa ukususela ngexesha kaPetros sivuswe emazantsi Neva e Shlisselburg,.

kwidolophu Museum of Shlisselburg

Eyona projekthi inkulu kwezi - lolondolozo lwembali yembali yesixeko. Oku kwadalwa ngo-1990. Apha ungabona imbali Shlisselburg, funda ulwakhiwo Ladoga imijelo bypass kunye textile mveliso, kwakunye kwimbali Nevsky zalapho.

Enye museum, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "Yaphula abanya iLeningrad", elingcwele nokusebenza "Iskra", apho kwafa waziqhekeza waza waphinda iLeningrad umhlaba zonxibelelwano. Diorama yahlulahlulwe kodonga lasekhohlo kummango Ladoga kwebhulorho. iholo yesikhumbuzo yakhe yavulwa wesixhenxe ngoMeyi 1985. Apha ungabona umzobo kwi mitha mane anesibhozo ububanzi.

Kukho olondolozo lwembali open-air of Shlisselburg. Umzekelo, preddioramnaya indawo - umboniso evulekileyo, nto leyo ebonisa izixhobo zomkhosi. Kukho kwamatanki ngokwenene ezathatha inxaxheba Idabi eLeningrad. Abaninzi kubo avuswa emazantsi Neva umlambo okanye imigxobhozo eziyingqongileyo wambuyisela. Phakathi imiboniso kunye nomthi elikhethekileyo iye yasinda ukuba kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad.

Museum lwemipu aselwandle Shlisselburg - it kwakhona umboniso ezivulelekileyo kunye nokuchaza. Apha ziqokelelwe na imipu anti-moya, zombini amaxesha zomkhosi nasemva imfazwe. Baya lidilizwe evela iinqanawa igcinwe indawo yokugcina iSebe lezoKhuselo. Le guns babuyiselwa kwaye ifakwe kwi woloyiso lwakhe kwisinye ukuya kumashumi amathandathu.

town charm

Namhlanje Shlisselburg - nedolophu, apho kunokwenzeka ukuhambahamba ngaphantsi kweeyure ezintathu. Kodwa uThixo elinomtsalane yalo ekhethekileyo. Ihlala yembutho embalini engundoqo, ezitratweni cwaka ezidilikileyo kancinane, ezimbalwa Zase abangenankathalo. Kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - kuba amagama eziKhawulezayo ubuhle elihle, bubuqaqawuli Lake Ladoga, imijelo yawo eyodwa ukuba uqhagamshele izibuko kunye nabanye Shlisselburg nokukhusela kuyo amanzi ziinkathazo.

Ukhanga nenqaba ubudala, kungenakugqithwa kumoya amaxesha kwaye nangoku ezichaphazela iinqaba zabo ezihla zinyuka kakhulu eziphakamileyo neendonga. Le Uyinzwana engenasiphako engaqhelekanga, oluvela Neva.