Iincwadi Omar Khayyam imibongo, amazwi nehlekisayo kunye kuchaphulo olu

Omar Khayyam Books de namhlanje ingqalelo phakathi intle ncwadi ehlabathini. Uninzi uphindo bakhe asetyenziswa kwimiba neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Emva Omar Khayyam Rubaiyat (quatrains sele ezisasazwa kuMbindi Mpuma), nto leyo kuqwalaselwa ziingcali ezininzi kunabanye, washiya inani labafundi.

biography

Omar Khayyam Nishapuri - kwezezibalo, isithandi, ngeenkwenkwezi kunye imbongi ekuqaleni ePersi. Iincwadi Omar Khayyam wawubonakala ehlabathini lonke, kodwa imbali ke wayengaziwa kuphela ngumbhali. Uye ushiye uphawu ebalulekileyo algebra. Ngegalelo lakhe yemathematika yokuba wadala indlela entsha yokusombulula quadratic cubic. Ukuze wenze oku, wayesebenzisa macandelo gqiba nge.

Kakade ke, le ncwadi edume Omar Khayyam ngenjongo yobomi kunye nothando. Waba nodumo naseIran Afghanistan enkosi ukudala ikhalenda esibizwa kakhulu echanekileyo. Abalandeli Khayyam baba oosonzululwazi odumileyo abo abafundi bakhe.

ebuntwaneni

Wazalwa Omar Khayyam Rubaiyat ayilesileyo phantse zonke, ngoMeyi 18, 1048. Yeyona awazalelwa kuyo isixeko Nishapur, nto leyo ibekwe lelinye lawona maphondo ye Iran. Iincwadi Omar Khayyam wayenomdla lwemfundo yabaqalayo, kwaye ukusukela wayengunyana kuphela entsatsheni, uyise azama ukumnika imfundo engcono. Pope Khayyam wasebenza beshiya. Uye waba yintombi lwentsapho, ogama Aisha.

Xa wayeneminyaka engama-kwiminyaka esibhozo, inkwenkwe yaqalisa nzulu luxakeke-bulumko, kwimathematika nesayensi. Nangona imidala injalo ayo, yayiyazi Koran ngentloko ngokupheleleyo.

Xa ndandineminyaka elishumi ubudala waqala kufunda madrassa yasekuhlaleni (school Islamic). imibongo yothando Famous Omar Khayyam ukubhala sele esingaqalwanga okwangoku. Wafunda ngokukhuthala okukhulu kwaye waphumelela ikhosi umthetho Islamic, kunye nemithi, ukuba ugqirha ke abafanelekayo.

ulutsha

Nangona kunjalo, waba ngugqirha, Khayyam wagqiba ukuqhubela phambili nezifundo. Waqalisa ukufunda umsebenzi zezibalo abaninzi abadumileyo.

Iminyaka yokuqala bulumko, owathi kamva wabhala aphorisms nehlekisayo kakhulu kunye nezicatshulwa, yaba lixesha Seljuk ekoyiswa Central Asia. Ngeli xesha, kwafa eziliqela izazinzulu. Ngabo Khayyam wabhala kwintshayelelo ukuya kwenye yeencwadi zakhe, xa waqalisa ukuba abhale Rubaiyat.

Omar Khayyam kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu wafelwa uyise nonina, abasweleke ngexesha bhubhane. House ukuthengisa, kwakunye kucweyo, ngoko waya Samarkand. Ngelo xesha, esi sixeko kakhulu phambili ngengqiqo yezenzululwazi eMpuma. Apha waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe sesinye sezikolo Muslim. Noko ke, ukuthetha izihlandlo eziliqela iingxoxo, uOmar wakhankanya ngokwakhe, kwaye kwagqitywa ekubeni amisele utitshala.

Ukuhambisa Khayyam

Nangona kunjalo, e Samarkand, Omar Khayyam, owabhala aphorisms kakhulu nehlekisayo kunye kuchaphulo olu sasibambezeleka iminyaka emine kuphela. Ndimele ndithi ukuba lo gama uninzi izazinzulu sele ihambe rhoqo. yaba yokumisa elandelayo kwisixeko eBukhara, apho Khayyam waqalisa ukusebenza nguvimba iincwadi. Apha wahlala iminyaka elishumi kwaye ukwazile ukwakha azibhala ezine kwimathematika, ngokunjalo ezinye imibongo ngothando.

Omar Khayyam ngo-1074, wafumana kunikezo sifudukele kwisixeko Isfahan. I wammema ukuba Malik Shah I. Apha waba umcebisi yokomoya Sultan. Ukongeza, wamiselwa umlawuli we-Observatory, leyo yenye nje enkulu ehlabathini. Yaba ngeli xesha waqalisa ukufunda imathematika ukongezelela ukuvumisa, yaye kungekudala waba kakhulu odumileyo kule ndawo. Ukusebenza neqela kwezinye izazinzulu, Khayyam iphuhlise ikhalenda elanga, nto leyo ichanekile ngaphezu Gregorian. Kamva wadala iitafile ngeenkwenkwezi, nkqubo leyo iquka linekhathalogu esincinane iinkwenkwezi.

Ngowe-1092 wafa Sultan, lowo umxhasi Khayyam. Kungekudala Omar otyholwa ifilosofi, yaye kwafuneka ukuba ahambe Isfahan. Noko ke, waqhubeka ukubhala isihobe kunye Rubaiyat.

Omar Khayyam: ubomi emva Isfahan

Kwixesha lokugqibela lobomi Omar Khayyam yaziwa kancinane, ngokunjalo ngobuntwana bakhe esakhula. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, ixesha elichithwa ngo Merv.

Ngexesha le minyaka waqhubeka ukubhala umbongo uthando kunye nentsingiselo yobomi. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha kuba baninzi ibe nje kuphela yezibalo edumileyo kunye nabakhwitsi, kodwa ngumwexuki. ngoko Philosophy kunye nokudalwa Omar Khayyam amanani kakhulu adikwe of Islam, kunye nobuhlobo bakhe kunye nabefundisi zimbi kakhulu.

Ngenxa ukungavisisani Scientist kwafuneka enze uhambo olude oluya eMecca. Ngelo xesha wayesele okuninzi iminyaka. Ingakumbi ngexesha lenguqu ukuya kwiindawo ezingcwele angahlala iinyanga eziliqela. Kuloo minyaka, okwethutyana wahlala Baghdad.

Ngokutsho al-Bayhaqi, owayegulela ukuya izibongo basempumalanga, kwiminyaka kamva yobomi bakhe Khayyam waba nomsindo embi, kwakunye imisebenzi ezincinane emehlweni fans zabo.

Buyela Nishapur

Kwinqanaba elithile ebomini Omar Khayyam uye wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele Nishapur. Apha wahlala de imihla yakhe yokugqibela. Walishiya ivame kakhulu. Nangona Omar Khayyam wayemalunga asixhenxe iminyaka. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, wasebenza njengomfundisi esikolweni yasekuhlaleni yaye isangqa encinane, ezibandakanya abafundi. njalo iintlanganiso zefilosofi kunye izazinzulu, ngokunjalo iingxoxo amalungiselelo. Ngokutsho izazinzulu ezininzi, Khayyam akazange afune ukuqalisa intsapho. Yaye eneneni, engazange angathanda ubomi bentsapho, abantwana abalindelekanga kusala ngasemva. Emva ubomi bakhe, waza washiya "Garden Wothando" kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Omar Khayyam wafa ngoDisemba 4, 1131. On nemizuzu yokugcina yobomi yaziwa kuphela amazwi omnye bexesha lakhe. Ngokutsho Beyhaki, Khayyam ngelixa befunda enye yeencwadi waziva afe ngokukhawuleza. Ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engamashumi asibhozo ubudala. Wabeka ncwadi bucala yaye Bakhoba izalamane kunye nabafundi baza baqalisa uqulunqa umyolelo. Emva koko, akazange asebenzise naliphi na ukutya okanye amanzi. In nje imizuzwana embalwa ngaphambi kokufa Omar Khayyam ixesha lokufunda umthandazo.

kwimisebenzi yezobunzululwazi

Kakade ke, abaninzi Omar Khayyam yaziwa ngokuba imisebenzi ezifana "lichiza Yothando. Le zesihobe ilungileyo Persian". Noko ke, ukongezelela uncwadi, yena wenza umsebenzi lwenzululwazi echumayo kakhulu.

zezibalo

Omar Khayyam ungumnikazi imisebenzi emininzi enxulumene kwimathematika. Umzekelo, "ama kubungqina iingxaki algebra kunye almukabala 'bakufanelekele kunye isisombululo kwizibalo. Amacandelo zokuqala iindlela ezikhoyo ukuxazulula quadratic equation ', owayebonakele ngaphambi koko. Noko ke, Omar Khayyam akazange acinge ukuba equation cc unako ukuba iingcambu ezintathu omhle ngokwenene. Noko ke, kwada Cardano iifomyula wasilela ukufikelela, kodwa Khayyam wayekholelwa ukuba isisombululo iya kufunyanwa kuyimfuneko kwixesha elizayo.

Kwintshayelelo kulo msebenzi, ISAZINZULU wanikela inkcazelo algebra. Le nto yenye okokuqala kwimbali kwaye kunika uluvo kwale nzululwazi.

"Comments yobunzima kwintshayelelo yencwadi Euclid" - enye imisebenzi ezibalulekileyo Omar Khayyam. I begqibile ukubhala ngo 1077. Lo msebenzi luqulathe iincwadi ezintathu. Eyokuqala enikelwe ekunene yokuqala, kwaye eyesibini neyesithathu - imfundiso ubudlelwane kunye zobukhulu. Kwincwadi yokuqala ehlanganisa V postulate ka Euclid, kodwa watshintshela ukuba namaxabiso elula.

Yonke imisebenzi ebhalwe Omar Khayyam, wenza igalelo elikhulu kakhulu kwimathematika. abalandeli ezinde Abaninzi baye banceda ukuvula imithetho emitsha kunye postulates.

besayensi

Xa siphila Isfahan, Khayyam ilawulwa liqela izazinzulu. Ngaloo mihla, umzi ubekhonza indawo ehamba phambili kweli lophuhliso lwenzululwazi. Malik Shah, eninzi imali eyabelwe kwinzululwazi. Xesha kwimbali ye Seljuk karhulumente ekunokuthiwa kakhulu.

Kwiminyaka emihlanu yophando Omar Khayyam ukwenza ikhalenda entsha, nto leyo zibandakanya ezichanekileyo ngokukhethekileyo. Olusemthethweni ulwamkelo lwayo kwenzeka ngo-1079. Eyona njongo iphambili yale khalenda umhla yokucheba ekuqaleni konyaka ngexesha kulingane. Waqalisa ukuba kuthiwe "Jalali 'imbeko Sultan. Ixesha inyanga kwikhalenda kungaba ukusuka kumashumi amabini anethoba ukuya kwiintsuku ezingamashumi amathathu anambini. Yonke into kwakuxhomekeke yokungena ilanga ibe ngumqondiso ethile lasezulwini. Kwathiwa ecetywayo ukutshintsha igama iinyanga neentsuku, kodwa le ezintsha zange kwendelisela iingcambu, futhi kwakuhambisana ukuya igama lophawu yangoku zokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi.

Ngelo xesha ubomi Omar Khayyam eYurophu wasebenzisa ikhalenda Julian. Ukusuka kwindawo iinkwenkwezi lwembono, oko ichanile kangako. Ikhalenda owadalwa Omar Khayyam, waba nokuba oluchanekileyo ngaphezu kwikhalenda Gregorian, esetyenziswa eYurophu kamva. Oku ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi yayifana, kulingane.

umsebenzi Omar Khayyam yaba sisiseko ekudalweni ikhalenda entsha Iranian, oqale ukusebenza ngo-1079. Kulo nyaka wazakhela abalufunayo, nkqubo leyo iquka uluhlu lwe ezilikhulu iinkwenkwezi.

Rubaie

Ngexesha ubomi Omar Khayyam yena wayesaziwa umphengululi omkhulu. Ke lonke ixesha wabhala imibongo ezichaza isimo sakhe emntwini, uthando, ulwazi, njalo njalo. Fans yemibongo Oriental iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi aphorisms kunye iikowuteshini. Kodwa iimbongi badla kubalelwa yemisebenzi yabo yonke Omar Khayyam. Ke inani imisebenzi yabonakala igama Khayyam, likhula rhoqo. Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini inani imisebenzi athethwa umphengululi basePersi, ligqithisile amawaka amahlanu.

Siye wabhala imibongo phantsi kwegama Khayyam abaninzi bebaleka ukutshutshiswa ngenxa ifilosofi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuze siqonde indlela ngokwenene quatrains wabhala Omar Khayyam, kunzima kakhulu. Iingcali abaninzi baye bavakalisa uluvo lokuba, mhlawumbi, umphengululi Persian waza wabhala umbongo. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba Omar Khayyam wabhala ukusuka ezingamakhulu amathathu namashumi amahlanu Rubaie.

Ixesha ngokwaneleyo elide olityelweyo. Kuphela emva kokuba 1800 ukurekhodwa Omar Khayyam wawa imbongi evela UK, abafunqulayo intlawulo. Kungekudala Rubaie yaphinda yathandwa omkhulu phakathi readers. Ngenxa zonke iindinyana umsebenzi umphengululi basePersi ndinokuphinda kutsala ingqalelo.

Aphorisms, kwemibhalo kunye nemibongo

Kwiinkulungwane kamva, umsebenzi Omar Khayyam ikwazile ukuthandwa omkhulu phakathi readers. Kunzima ukuba athande ivesi ethile.

Kukuphuhlisa, mhlawumbi, singakwazi ukucaphula idatha ka Omar Khayyam:

• Enye nengoma ku Wisdom sam:
  "Ubomi bufutshane - ke ngoko ke ukuthanda kwakhe!
  Ngobuqili ukuba ukugawula imithi,
  Kodwa tyhobotyhobo ngokwayo - apho osisiyatha "!
• Yintoni na ngaphaya komkhusane of sinobudala ubumnyama
  Xa nokuvumisa badideke iingqondo.
  Xa iwe nge umkhusane crash
  Sibona yonke into njengoko kwaba engalunganga.