Iincwadi ezona zihamba phambili zezobomi: uluhlu kunye nokuhlaziywa

Ukususela kunyaka ukuya kunyaka, kunzima nakakhulu ukuba umntu aqalise phambili kwixesha elidlulileyo. Inkumbulo zabo, ukuba zingagqitywanga kwiidayari kunye neeleta eziseleyo, ziba yimvula kwaye zicacile, kuba kwanemihla echanekileyo kwimemori iyacinywa. Ulibale lomntu, kungenjalo iziganeko ezindala ziguqulelwe. Kodwa ubomi bomntu buhlukile, buhlukile kwaye abufani nabanye. Yingakho iincwadi ze-autobiographical zikhangeleka ngamaxesha onke: iimemori, iileta, idayari. Nangona umntu oqhelekileyo ebhala ngabantu bakhe bexesha elidlulileyo, abantu banamhlanje baya kumangaliswa kwaye bathuthelwe yimibandela yobomi bemihla ngemihla, imvelaphi yoluntu jikelele, indlela yokucinga. Kuthiwani ngamanqaku ebalaseleyo, edumileyo, aqaqambileyo, abanetalente? Ziincwadi ezizenzekelayo eziza kuqwalaselwa kule nqaku.

Imemori njengehlobo

Iziganeko zembali ezikhethiweyo zikhethwe kwiimememo njengeziganeko eziphambili nezikhunjulwayo. Lapha, ngento ekhohlakeleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo bonke ubomi, kuzo zonke izinto zayo ezincinci, kubonakala ngathi - kungeyona nto ebalulekileyo - ngokuthe gqolo iqala ukusuka kwiphepha ukuya kwiphepha: iincwadi ezizimeleyo zithwala umfundi njengesifundo esifundiswa ubomi kunye nosizi, uvuyo, ubulumko bemihla ngemihla, , Ukuthabatheka kwiingcamango zeminyaka edlulileyo kunye nobuhle obumangalisayo. Kwakukho uhlobo kwilizwe lethu ngexesha lomsebenzi wokukhanyisa weCatherine Catherine.

Kwiincwadi zokuqala ezizimeleyo zazifana neziganeko zengxelo ezimeleyo, ngoko, ukuguqula iinkcukacha, iinkcukacha ezifunyenweyo zobugcisa, ngamanye amaxesha ziphakamileyo. Imemori yeValentin Kataev, umzekelo, "I-Diamond Crown", ebhalwe phantsi kwiprosethi, yimbongo ephilayo edibanisa nathi kunye nobucala kunye nonobomi bodwa bobuhle beMayakovsky, u-Yesenin, u-Olesha, i-Ilf no-Petrov, kunye nabanye abaninzi abaphila ngombhali. Ulwimi lwencwadi luyimimangaliso ngokwenene, kwaye oku kunceda ukwenza ubungqina bezithixo zabantu zisaphila.

Ukubaluleka kohlobo

Inkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo yasishiya imisebenzi engaphezu kwemashumi mane njengobungqina bokuba uhlobo lobomi lobuntu lwalufumana ukuthandwa. Ewe, ezi ncwadi zabantwana babhaliwe, kubazukulu, kubazukulu-ukusetyenziswa kweentsapho. Ukupapashwa kololo hlobo lwengcaciso kwaye kwagwetywa phakathi kweentlanga, ngokuphathelele imilinganiselo yobuKristu eyayikhathazekile: kwakungeke kube yintetho kawonkewonke ngam. Isihlobo esilandelayo, nangona kunjalo. Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi, ukuhlonela iinkolelo zabo zooyise ngokuhlonela, kwaye kuphela ngenxa yokuba ubungqina obuninzi bukhona nanamhlanje.

Ziziphi iinjongo ze-autobiography? Okokuqala, abaphulaphuli bekujoliswe kwisizukulwana esincinane, apho umnqweno wawunceda ukuba uzuze umhlaba, ukuba uhlakaniphe, ufunde kwiimpazamo ezingezizo. Iincwadi ze-Autobiographical kubantwana zizaliswe uthando ngentsapho yabo, umnqweno wokunondla imiphefumlo emininzi ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo oluya kunceda ukwakha ubomi ngokuphumelelayo, ngokuthembela kwisampuli esiphelileyo. Nazi izibhengezo ze-Andrei Bolotov eziqhelekileyo kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, ezinomdla wokufunda kuphela inzala yakhe. Ukususela kwiimemori zakhe, umntu unokubona ubuninzi belo xesha, kuba ubika ingxelo eyaneleyo kwaye ngokunyanisekileyo umbhali ngaye. Iincwadi ze-Autobiographical - yindawo ephela ukusuka apho namhlanje banokufunda iinkcukacha zexesha elingapheliyo.

Andrey Bolotov

Le ndoda ayibhalelanga nje kuphela "iincwadana zayo" ezidumileyo, ezishiye umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ebomini bakhe. Wasebenzisa ubomi obuhle, uxakeke kakhulu kwizeshishini kunye neziganeko, kubandakanywa kwintsimi yeencwadi: wayeguqulele ezininzi kwiFrentshi kunye nesiJamani - kungekhona nje iibhalo zombhalo, kodwa kunye nezoqoqosho, i-encyclopedic, ichitha ixesha elide lokulima, kwaye ngoko ke yayithanda iincwadi ezinikezelwe kulo . Akazange athathe inxaxheba kwiingqungquthela zeendawo zokuhlala kunye neeMasonic, kodwa nakwiincwadi ezizimeleyo kubantwana, abalobi babhala ngokuzimela, abazange bahlale bucala, kunye no-Andrei Bolotov, nangona wayeyilumkiso. Xa ehlulekile, umngane wakhe uGrigory Orlov wathatha inxaxheba, kwaye u- Nikolai Novikov, owayengumhlobo wakhe endala , wayesazi kakuhle indawo yokuhlala yaseMasonic .

UAndrei Bolotov wayenomdla wokuhlala kwidolophana, kude nelifu, ngokukhawuleza wagwema ukungquzulana, wenza iincwadi ezininzi, washicilela iphephancwadi. Ukongeza, e-Bogoroditsk, abantu bakhumbula iipaki ezimangalisayo ezenziwe ngezandla zombhali. Kwakhona wabhala imidlalweni eyayisenziwa kwiindawo zokuzonwabisa zasekhaya, zenziwa ieholide kubantwana abaneepuzzle eziphathekayo kunye nokuthakazelisa, yabhala imisebenzi emininzi yabantwana abaqinisa iimvakalelo zabo zobuOthodoki. Iingcamango ngaloo mihla yayingenalo igunya njengalowo namhlanje, ubugcisa bombhali abukazalwa. Kodwa iimibhalo "ngokwazo" azizange zigwetywe luluntu, ukuba umsebenzi wawuncedo. Yingakho inkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo yayiyithuba apho iincwadi ezibalaseleyo ezizimeleyo zaza zazalwa: abalawuli baseRussia, abantu abalingana nabo, izazinzulu kunye neenqwelo zezixhobo zempi. UAndrei Bolotov washiya ilifa elikhulu, ebala amakhulu emininzi - ngaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu namashumi amahlanu afundiswa yiengcali kwiklasi yeshumi elinesibhozo.

Sergey Aksakov

S. Aksakov kunye noA. A. Bolotov, iincwadi zabo ezizimeleyo ziza kubakholisa amaninzi kwixesha elide elikhoyo labakhokho bethu, ngokuqinisekileyo. Akunabo abalobi kuphela abashiya i-posterity inqaku malunga nobomi babo. Umlobi we "Scarlet Flower" wayesegubungela iziganeko zeencwadi zakhe, ukubonelela ngezobugcisa obuhle kakhulu. Kodwa ingcamango yomsebenzi walo msebenzi ukhanyisa ngeyona nkcukacha encinci, njengoko umbhali echaza iminyaka yokuqala elishumi yobomi benkwenkwe, ebenjalo, nokuba igama alizange litshintshwe.

Le ncwadi ibizwa ngokuthi "Ubuntwana beBagrov umzukulu", kwaye lo msebenzi waba yincwadi yokufunda, nangona kunjalo ukuba injalo isicatshulwa kwimimemo ayikwazi. Kodwa ngokucacileyo ukuphefumula kwexesha-le minyaka eyishumi edlulileyo yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, njengoko indawo yaseRussia ehlala kude-e-Orenburzhye ekude ibonakala phambi kwethu! Izinkumbulo zombhali zihlala zikhanya, zinyaniseka kwaye zithinta. Iincwadi ezinjalo zobomi zabalobi babantwana azikwazi ukugxininiswa ekubalukeleni kwezemfundo.

Zlatan Ibrahimovic

Ngowe-2014 eRashiya, ukusuka kwelinye icala kwezandla zabanye, umsebenzi wawuguqulelwe ukusuka kwisiNgesi naseSweden, ogqithiseleyo zonke iincwadi ezenziwa ngabantu bebhola, "NdinguZlatan". Emva kancinci kwizindlu zokupapasha kwakukho ukuguqulelwa okusemthethweni, kodwa abalandeli abanakukwazi ukulinda, kwaye ngoko ngokuphindaphindiweyo bafunda zonke iinguqulelo ze-amateur.

Umbhali wale ncwadi - enye yeenkwenkwezi eziqhakazileyo zebhola lebhola, umqhubi obalaseleyo, owona mhle kunabo bonke, ohlotshiswe ngamagumbi akhe omdlalo "Juventus", "Ajax", "Milan", "Barcelona" kunye ne "Inter". Kulo mdlalo, wayenengcali yefilosofi, njengoko yavela emva kokufunda yakhe imbali. Ibhalwe ngokuhleka kwezinto ezimangalisayo, ezizityebi ngolwimi lokubhala, ngenxa yokuba lunomdla wokufunda nangabantu. Kude kakhulu nebhola.

Maya Plisetskaya

Lo msebenzi ongenamsebenzi - ukuzama ukubeka iincwadi ze-autobiographical kwi-rating. Ngaphezu koko, kukho ukulinganisa okumbalwa kwihlabathi kunokuba yonke imemori isebenza. Kuzo zonke izakhi - ezihlukeneyo. Akukho nawuphi na obunye ubomi obufanayo. Incwadi ishiyelwe kwinzala yebhola e-ballerina enkulu ebomini bayo bonke abantu, isithixo kunye nesithixo, umda kunye nesigxina seburusti yaseRashiya, i-maximalist, ecacileyo, njengokwenza uphawu lokumemeza, ngokuqinisekileyo liya kuhlala ihamba phambili kumgca woko nawuphi na umlinganiselo, nangona kunjalo - iya kuhlala Onke amaxesha. Amaninzi e-ballerinas abhala iimemori. Amabali amancinci amacandelo e-bergerina enhle uTatiana Vecheslova ethwala umfundi kwihlabathi, ekhanyisa ingqondo yakhe uGalina Ulanova. Incwadi egqibeleleyo ibhaliwe nguTatiana Makarova - kungekuphela nje kwidrama yokudala, kodwa ibonakalise izinto ezifihlakeleyo ngexesha lakhe. Iincwadi ezininzi eziziwayo zababantu abadumileyo ziza kusisigxina kwi-backstage yazo. Kodwa incwadi ethi "NdingumMaya Plisetskaya" ikhethekileyo.

Ixesha le-heroine liyingqayizivele kwaye lihlala liphela, kwaye kuphela ikona echaphazela ubungqina bomfundi kwizinto ezikhumbulekayo, ezikhunjulwayo, eziyikrakra nezovuyo ebomini bebhola. Mhlawumbi, nangona itekisi, ebonisa ubungakanani bento eyenzekayo, inokubulala umfundi ongalungiselelekanga. UMaya Plisetskaya wayengelona nje indoda. Kwakuyindoda ekwazi ukunqoba izithintelo, ishiya ngasemva nayiphi na intombazana yensimbi, kunye nayiphi na yamadoda ensimbi, iingwenya kunye namathangi amakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ifilosofi yakhe yayilula kakhulu. Amandla, italenta, kunye nawuphi na ukwahlukana kwabanye abantu luvavanyo olungesiwo wonke umntu onokumelana nalo. Njengokuba iidemon zihlasela: abantu bayalumala kwaye baphazamisa aba bantu, baqhutywe kwi-rancor kunye ne-vindictiveness, emva koko baya kwi-squabbles, baze babe yize. Ngoko italente enikezwa nguThixo iyasuswa, ilahle ngokuhla.

Coco Chanel

Omkhulu uMademoiselle wayephila ubomi obukhulu. Ukulula kuzo akuzange kubonwe nonke, nangona kukho ubuhlwempu kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zeengxaki. Incwadi ifundwa ngumoya omnye, ngokuthe tye. Kubonakala ukuba isalathisi se talente saseCoco Chanel ayikho enye. Kwaye uhlala unesihe, xa ufunda incwadi enhle, ukuba umlando sele usuphelile, kwaye ngoko umphefumlo wangaphakathi uqhubeka ixesha elide-apho, kwelinye inyaniso, eliye layeka ukuba ngumfokazi. Ngokwemvelo, kukho nawuphi na uhlobo lo msebenzi (kwaye kukho ezininzi zokuphinda kwakhona kwakhona) imifanekiso emihle kakhulu. Kwaye kwisicatshulwa (ngokucacileyo, umguquleli wayifumene nomxholo wam kakuhle) - ezininzi zeeparele, inkulumo efanelekileyo yeFaina Ranevskaya engayibalekiyo. Ngokomzekelo, iingxelo ezinjalo zikaChanel "ezintle azikwazi ukungazincwina" okanye "uthando luhle kuphela xa usebenza kuyo" - kungekhona kwiletshe, kodwa kwiso. Metko, ngokucacileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo.

Le ndoda ayisetyenziselwa ukukhangela igama ephaketheni lakhe, naluphi na unye ngolwimi, oluyimpawu yabasetyhini ababalaseleyo abanomntu onqwenela ngamandla kunye nokukwazi ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwimeko. Kwiindawo ezidumile zefestile zehlabathi, uvela kwintlupheko enkulu kakhulu-oku akunakwenzeka. Kwimibono yoluntu, akazange akwazi ukuzibandakanya, ngokuchaseneyo, unyanzelekile ukuba atshintshe i-postulates, eshukumise izithixo, utshintshe ukuhamba kwezinto. Umlingo weCoco Chanel ekudalweni kwefashini yehlabathi yashiya ingqungquthela yendalo yakhe kunye nezikhalazo ezibhalwe ngesandla sakhe. Ndicinga ukuba ufuna ukubhala umbhali - kwaye uzuko luya kunikwa lona.

Yuri Nikulin

Incwadi ethi "Umculi onzima kakhulu welizwe lethu" Ngokucokisekileyo "kubafundi abaninzi baye baba phantse, kuba ithemba labo lingenakudumisa. Ukongezelela koko, ukuba nomzimba womfundi ubonakala ngempembelelo yonyango ngokwenene: abantu abagulayo banomuvo ogqithiseleyo, isimo sengqondo esibi siphumelela, kungekhona nje ukumomotheka, kodwa nesidlo. Umculi wadala inamba enkulu kangaka eyahlukileyo (ngamanye amaxesha ayenzima kakhulu - de kube yingozi), wayeyinyameko entliziyweni ye-cinema yasekhaya ukuba izikhumbuzo zakhe ngabantu abamthanda kakhulu ziza kuhlala zixabisekileyo. Ngaba ubuncinane umntu oye wabona uNikulin kwisiteyithi seeksiksi uyakwazi ukumlibala? I-movie emihle ngokuthatha inxaxheba ayinakuyeka ukuphonononga. Akusebenzi nje kuphela noDanelia kumgangatho we "Goonies", kwakhona "iintsuku ezingamashumi amabini ngaphandle kwemfazwe," kwaye "Xa imithi yayinkulu," kwaye "Kum, Mukhtar!"

Kule ncwadi ungayazi umntu ohluke ngokupheleleyo, kubonakala ngathi kukho ubuso obunobuntu bakhe obonakalayo, kwaye naye uphakathi kwezona zinto ziphambili. Kubhalwe umdla - kunye nemfazwe, kunye neeskisi, kunye ne-cinema. Ngawo ngokwabo akwanele - ngaphezulu malunga nabanye, abahlobo-abadlali, abadlali, abaqondisi, kunye nokudibanisa nabantu abalungileyo. Oku akwaneleyo kwincwadi ngu Yuri Nikulin. Indoda ethobekileyo ayizange ibone ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuvumela umfundi ukuba abe nobomi bakhe abucala. Kanti-funda i-vzahlob yokuqala, kwaye emva koko uhlala kuyo yonke indawo kwaye phantse ngentliziyo. Naphezu kokuthozama okukhulu, kubonakala kwincwadi kunye nokusebenza kwayo, kunye nengqondo yakhe, kunye nobuqaqawuli bakhe. Ukongezelela, nganye i-glavka iqala ngomdwebo omhle okanye i-anecdote. Zininzi ezininzi eziphezulu, nokuba zifilosofi zehlabathi: izenzo ezilungileyo zifumaneka kuphela kubantu abanesimo esihle sengqondo!

USalvador Dali

Ekubeni kwamehlo yengubo yalo mculi imvakalelo iyakunaphakade. Akukho ncwadi encinane ebhaliweyo kunye nencwadi yakhe ethi "Diary of a genius." Kuxakeka ngokukodwa, okungaqinisekiyo kunye nekholo. Ukongezelela - kunjengokuqonda - ukusuka kwikomma yokuqala ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela. Ayikho imifanekiso yakhe okanye ubomi bakhe buya kusombululwa ngokupheleleyo, ngokuba nanko, iinjongo zangempela zezogwebo okanye izenzo zomculi obalaseleyo zifihlakele.

Idayari yakhe inika umfundi ngolwazi ngokungenangqungquthela, ngaloo ndlela unamahloni kangangokuthi ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukuvakalelwa kukuba kubhalwe ngumntu ojongene nokuziphendulela. Kodwa ngelo xesha kunomlinganiselo omkhulu ongathandabuzekiyo onetalente, kwaye le ngqalelo ichazwe kumfundi ngumbhali wenene, mhlawumbi - ngencwadi enkulu. Inqaku elipheleleyo lizaliswe nabo, okwenza ukuba umbhalo ungacaciswanga nakwezinye indawo, kodwa ngokoqobo iileta ziyamangalisa.

Konstantin Vorobiev

Iincwadi ze- Autobiograal malunga nemfazwe zenziwa ngamanani amaninzi. Emva kokuphela kobutshabalalo, amasosha asephambili ahlakulela umnqweno wokwabelana ngolwazi olubi nolunzima, ukushiya kwimemori yezizukulwana ezilahlekileyo, ukuba i-Higher Literary Courses zavulwa kwi-Literary Institute. "I-proteythi ye-Lieutenant" iye yaba uhlobo. Singawabiza ngamakhulu amaninzi amagama: uVictor Nekrasov, u- Yuri Bondarev, u- Nikolai Dvortsov kunye nabanye abalobi abakhulu abaye basishiya ubungqina obuphilileyo be-USSR kwi-Great Patriotic War, kodwa iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo ziya kunikwa apha malunga neConstantin Vorobyov kunye nencwadi yakhe ebalulekileyo, engenakulinganiswa. "Nguwe, Nkosi ...".

Ikampu yokuTyala. Isihogo, ukugawula ubomi bomntu, ukubulala esaphila phantse yonke into yabantu. Wabhala le nkumbulo kwinkampani yokuxhatshazwa ngo-1943, xa ephuma ekuthinjweni kwe-fascist wakwazi ukuphunyuka. Ukuzisa igama elithile, elidla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-memoir prose, umlobi wazithetha ngaye ngokwakhe. Iincwadi ze-Autobiographical zange zinezo zinto ezingenakuchazwa, inyaniso enjalo. Ukunyaniseka kuhanjiswa ngokukrakra, ngokukhawuleza kuqinisekiswe ukuba le ngxelo ibhekiselele kwimiba yokugqibela. Nangona ubandezelo obungabonakaliyo babanjwa, ehlala ephazamisekile phantsi kokuhlushwa, idluliselwa ngendlela engafanelekanga, ngaphandle kweengcambu ezincinci, njengokungathi umlobi uthetha ngezinto ezichazwe kumfanekiso ome phambi kwamehlo akhe. Incwadi iyatshitshisa kakhulu - yinyaniso yayo malunga ne-fascists, malunga nabo babanjwe, malunga nemfazwe ngokwayo.