Iincwadi engcwele Iicawa ezininzi zehlabathi; umthetho, iBhayibhile, i-Koran

iintshukumo zenkolo ngokwemvelo ezintathu sisiseko esingundoqo apho ukholwayo yonke ngokwesithethe: ngutitshala, wasiwa iimfundiso zabo kunye nabalandeli le abafundi yokufundisa. Ngamanye amazwi, inkolo ophilayo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa neqela labalandeli diehard, abathi imfundiso owavakaliswayo umsunguli. Ke ukuba eli nqaku, siza kujolisa intsika yesibini - imfundiso, okanye mandithi umthombo wayo ezibhaliweyo - iZibhalo.

Overview

ISibhalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni isiko unqulo na ochaphazelekayo, yeyona ingundoqo kwisemantiki iinkolelo. intsomi engcwele Ndimnike kuye imvelaphi woothixo, abaprofeti, abathi banguKrestu, njalo njalo .. Xa kunjalo, imbonakalo yakhe ngaphezu igunya kwaye imele ukudluliselwa kolwazi nguThixo - inyaniso zingenakuphikwa, owathunywa evela kummandla kwelabafileyo. Le mbono imibhalo engcwele kwenza kubo emehlweni abathembekileyo ngumthombo ngokwesityhilelo kunye ngokoqobo ilizwi likaThixo.

Noko ke, asingabo bonke simple - umlinganiswa unqulo ngamnye sibonakala uphawu ekhethekileyo embonweni yesicatshulwa, yaye iincwadi ezingcwele yeenkolo zehlabathi na utoliko ukuchazwa ingacaci kwabalandeli bayo.

Corpus zezicatshulwa ingqalelo engcwele, njengenxalenye isithethe lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba Canon okanye ingqokelela eziphefumlelweyo. Lidla inikwe igama layo, ezifana: Koran - incwadi engcwele amaSilamsi, yamaYuda iTorah neBhayibhile zamaKristu.

Torah neTanakh - kwetsima zamaJuda

Omdala inkolo monotheistic yi kubuYuda. Ngenxa kuye, wabona ukuzalwa Christianity and Islam. Incwadi engcwele lobuYuda - iTorah - yingqokelela imisebenzi ezintlanu kunganxulunyaniswa isithethe umprofeti uMoses. Ngokutsho legend, ubuninzi umxholo umthetho uMoses wafumana kwi yeSinayi, ubuso ngobuso kunye noThixo.

uphuhliso olunokubakho lamaJuda kukhokelele ukuvela ukunwenwa iitekisi ezintsha, abawathandayo zakhiwe ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla engcwele lukaThixo, ukuba iphefumlelwe ukusuka ngentla yiNkosi. Ezi ncwadi ziquka yingqokelela "Ketuvim", gama elo elithetha "iSibhalo" kunye nokuqokelelwa "Neviim", bona bubonakala "umprofeti." Ngako oko, owokuqala wangena eyimbali engcwele kwimbali kunye kuthiwa iincwadi ubulumko - anthology ngemizekeliso ezifundisayo, ngeendumiso imisebenzi emntwini zokufundisa. Yokuqokelelwa yesibini ngokuhlanganisa inani imisebenzi abaprofeti yamaYuda. Bonke bephela, kushwankathelwa iqela elilodwa imibhalo engcwele, ngokuba "neTanakh." Eli gama - ungayiqondiyo sakhiwa oonobumba bokuqala amazwi umthetho, Neviim, Ketuvim.

NeTanakh ngu ukwakheka yayo, kunye zikho, iyafana kwi-Old Testament yesiko lamaKristu.

Isityhilelo entsha - isibhalo entsha. Iincwadi engcwele amaKristu

The Canon of the New Testament of the Christian Church kwasekwa IV ngenkulungwane iincwadi ngobuninzi owahlukeneyo kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, le imisinga ezahlukeneyo kunye ethile kusafuneka ezimbalwa iinketho ezahlukeneyo le ncwadi. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, undoqo zeTestamente eNtsha zeVangeli ezine, zilandelwa liqela ezincwadini. Yima encwadini yeZenzo kunye Apocalypse. Esi sakhiwo uvumele abanye abahlalutyi ukuthelekisa iTestamente Entsha Tanach lebyi ngokwenza iVangeli umthetho, i-Apocalypse abaprofeti, IZenzo ukusuka kwiincwadi zembali, yaye iincwadi ubulumko uMpostile.

A evelele le eNdala kwaneTestamente eNtsha - le ncwadi zamaKristu engcwele, iBhayibhile, ukuba ulwimi lesiGrike eliguqulelwe nje "ncwadi."

Ngokokutyhilwa umprofeti entsha. Canon Muslim

Le ncwadi yamaMuslim engcwele ebizwa iKoran. Iqulethe akukho ngamaqhekeza ebonakalayo iTestamente Entsha okanye neTanakh, kodwa ubukhulu becala ezibeka umxholo kobokuqala. Kwakhona okhankanywe kulo noYesu, oko kukuthi, uYesu, kodwa unxulumano kunye iTestamente Entsha, akukho. Kunoko, phezu koko, iKurani lubonwa impikiswano nokungathembani iZibhalo zamaKristu.

Le ncwadi yamaMuslim engcwele - iKoran - yingqokelela yezityhilelo ezifunyenwe yi Muhammad ngexesha eyahlukileyo evela kuThixo Arhangela Gavriila (Dzhabraelya - kule isithethe Arabhu). ezi ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuba suras, kwaye ibekwe kwisicatshulwa ayikho ngokulandelelana, kwaye ubude - ukusuka kweyona inde ukuya imfutshane.

Le indawo apho ngokunxulumene izibhalo Christos engumKristu ithatha Islam: Incwadi engcwele yamaYuda - iTorah - oyinyaniso. Noko ke, njengokuba ixesha lihamba iinkokeli zayo, kwaye yomnqophiso kunye noMoses ndidiniwe. Ngoko ke ukuba iTorah kwaye yonke Tanach awungeni ngakumbi. Books Christian - njengentsomi oye egqwethekileyo ezilungileyo yokuqala kaYesu umprofeti, ebuyiselweyo baqhubeka yi Mahomet. Ngoko ke, le ncwadi kuphela engcwele - ayikwazi kuba Koran, kunye nezinye.

INcwadi kaMormoni nokutyhilelwa kwibhayibhile

Elinye ilinge ukuba imfundiso yakhe umthombo kaMoses wazibalula Mormonism. Uyavuma njengengcwele kwaye eNdala kwaneTestamente eNtsha, kodwa igunya liphezulu zithi ekuthiwa-Book of kaMormoni. Le adepts kwale mfundiso bakholelwa ukuba mthombo wokuqala wesicatshulwa engcwele ebhalwe kwiipleyiti zegolide, ngoko efihliweyo phezu kwentaba kufuphi New York, yaye kamva wavula isithunywa umprofeti Joseph Smith, ummi XIX kwinkulungwane America. Last eyenziwa phantsi kolwalathiso nguThixo wokuguqulela IsiNgesi of amacwecwe, emva koko aye kwakhona efihliweyo iingelosi kwindawo engachazwanga. isimo Ezingcwele le mveliso iyavuma ngoku ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 abalandeli zebandla Mormon.

Vedas - okwakufudula oothixo bamandulo

Iincwadi engcwele iinkolo monotheistic yehlabathi zimanyene ingqiqo kunye nengqokelela oluqokelelwe iikhowudi eqhelekileyo. inkqubo Eastern polytheistic umahluko indlela eyahlukileyo imibhalo engcwele: kuba ezizimeleyo enye kwenye kwindalo, ngokufuthi zecawa ebotshiwe kwaye ayiphikisani. Ngoko ke, xa uqala kuqala, inkqubo yezibhalo iinkolo dharmic inokubonakala ingalawuleki okanye edidayo kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuphela xa efika kuqala.

Le mibhalo engcwele zobuHindu zibizwa ngokuba Shruti. akhawunti lwakutsha nje ukuba Vedas ezine. Ngamnye kubo yahlulwe kabini: samhitas (amaculo) kunye Brahman (umyalelo idini imiyalelo). Lo mzimba onamandla onke Hindu ozinikeleyo. Ukongezelela Shruti, Smriti kukho nomzimba - ilivo. Smriti ngumthombo ebhaliweyo kwaye ngaxeshanye ngokwaneleyo enegunya zifakwe phakathi kwezinye iincwadi ezingcwele. It iqulathe 18 Puranas kunye epics ezimbini ezinkulu - i yiRamayana neMahabharata. Ukongeza, le engcwele yamaHindu ayeze nkqu maculo. Ezi iitekisi ezinde mystically kuthathwe brahmana.

igama ezixabisekileyo Buddha

Prince USiddhārtha oluninzi ukushumayela, yaye iintetho ayekade obenza isiseko izibhalo eziphefumlelweyo obuBhuda - sutras. Kufuneka ukhankanye ngoko nangoko ukuba akukho nto ezifana incwadi engcwele obuBhuda ngengqiqo yemveli monotheistic. In Buddhism akukho Thixo ngoko akukho iincwadi ephefumlelweyo. Kukho imibhalo kuphela ebhalwe ngootitshala bakhanyiselwa. Yiloo nto ubanika ukuthembeka. Ngenxa yoko, Buddhism inoluhlu kunokuba olubanzi iincwadi ezingcwele, ebenza nzima ukuba bafunde kunye systematization.

Kwi-Southern UbuBhuda, isikakhulu isithethe Theravadan iphila njengoko incwadi engcwele obuBhuda yamkela ekuthiwa-Pali canon - i Tripitaka. Ezinye izikolo zamaBhuda nineembono ezahlukeneyo yaye zinika iinguqulelo zabo iincwadi ezingcwele. Eyona impressively kwamanye kubonakala isikolo Gelug of Tibetan Buddhism: inxalenye Canon yayo engcwele ibandakanya ingqokelela Gandzhur (intetho Buddha kaThixo) kunye Dandzhur (uthethe Gandzhur), afikelela imiqulu 362.

isiphelo

Konke oku kungentla izibhalo iinkonzo zehlabathi - kakhulu ecacileyo nezingqameneyo ixesha lethu. Kakade ke, olu luhlu akuphelelanga itekisi, kodwa ulinganiselwe kwaye uluhlu ekubhekiswe kuyo iicawa. namahlelo abaninzi zobuhedeni akazange abe imibhalo eyabekwa, bezolile libanika isithethe ngomlomo nangqondo. Abanye, nangona imibhalo kultoobrazuyuschie owaziwayo, kodwa bona ndibawisele kunye nohlobo engcwele amakhulu. Ezinye izimiso izithethe zonqulo abambalwa baye bahlala ngaphandle lenxaki, kwaye zange kuqwalaselwa kolu phononongo, kuba ngokufutshane iincwadi ezingcwele zeenkolo zehlabathi, ngaphandle kokukhetha, unako ukufikelela kuphela ifomati encyclopedia, kodwa hayi inqaku elifutshane.