Emphysema kunqabile ukuba sisifo elizimeleyo, kodwa kwenzeka nxamnye imvelaphi kwephulwa sele ekhoyo kakhulu lwe umoya zendalo inkqubo yokuphefumla yabantu. Kuyinto esingapheliyo nonspecific pulmonary izihlunu ngezifo, apho ngenxa ubunzima obungakumbi ngaphakathi bronchioles kunye alveoli zodonga lixesha yendlu elide, ngoko ke ngokuthe ngcembe ulahlekelwa luthambe. Zonke iimpawu ze emphysema dibanisa ukuya ekwandiseni umoya syndrome. Ngelo xesha kwi-X-ray ibonakala kwamanani bronhososudistogo ukuzoba ukukhanya ezininzi, le deformation esifubeni sakho , kwaye ukungafakwa uvalo. Ezi iimpawu emphysema wachaza kukwanda soxinzelelo em- esifubeni kunye nokwanda ivolyum esikule amalungu aziintloko isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, ukuze isigulane kuye a ewayo sisigingqi supraclavicular ukufunyanwa barrel- ezimilise esifubeni, Ukuncitshiswa obubonakalayo entanyeni ngemithambo jugular. Kwixesha elizayo, utshintsho data aqhotyoshelwe apha kwaye isifo sentliziyo: izibilini zibethwa mpilo indlala nokungondleki, intliziyo kudandalazisa yomsebenzi ukuvala esi, kukho stasis lwemithambo, cyanosis jikelele, yaye emva koko ibunjiwe "intliziyo pulmonary".
Emphysema Abantwana
Isigaba ezimandundu kwesi sifo ke ngoko ngokuba emphysema bullous. Ekubeni le ntshabalalo kwi zomzimba efikelela kwinqanaba kweendonga ezikufuphi of bronchioles kunye alveoli zitshatyalalisiwe, yaye "edidekile", ukwakha amaqamza enobubanzi ngaphezu kwe-1 cm - "Bull". into yayo etiological inokuba ukudumba engapheliyo nyama, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kukho lymphostasis zasekuhlaleni kunye iiseli ezinempilo rhoqo ubuthi antibodies. Xa abantwana intswelo bekhubazekile kumagama-1-antitrypsin, ukhuseleko kunye luthambe le inwebu alveolar axhasayo, iimpawu emphysema kwenzeka kwangoko, yaye njengoko bekhula esi sifo esiba mandundu. ukukhohlela Paroxysmal ne ubovu isikhohlela trudnootdelyaemoy, ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo (ngokufuthi uhlobo expiratory), amagosa amakishayo ukudumba egazini, umkhuhlane - zonke ezi mpawu kufuneka ngoko nangoko aphazamise udokotela. Ngoko ke, iimpawu emphysema kufuneka ezichongiweyo xesha lifutshane kangangoko kwaye iyaxhaswa yi-data iindlela negalelo (spirometry, ray) nokuxilongwa kwemizimba (zibuphekhashini, ibonisa ukuhla wemiphunga kwibhokisi umda sound).
ngezigaba
Pathogenesis kukho ukuhlelwa zibe iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: neobstruktsionnaya kunye emphysema obstructive nezengekho miphungeni. Iimpawu yokuqala ukuvela nje impendulo zembuyekezo ngokususa yinxalenye kwemiphunga okanye involution inkqubo ebudaleni. Elesibini edibene ukuhlukunyezwa patency inyumoniya kwi kwemigudu yomoya okanye isifuba, kwaye ngoko ke kufuna unyango lwesifo ephambili. Ngenxa emphysema yi umonakalo kakhulu, unyango efanele kuphela ezinye iimpawu zayo ukunciphisa imeko yomguli kunye iyaluthintela uphuhliso ukusilela yokuphefumla nentliziyo.