Ihlabathi somgquba Arctic Ocean (ngokufutshane)

eziphilayo ezihlala i-Arctic, ezisokolayo. sezulu esibandayo kakhulu, umkhenkce obungunaphakade, ikhephu ubusuku polar yonyaka iinyanga 5-6 - iimpawu eziphambili iimeko ezinzima kummandla polar kunye sub-Arctic. Ihlabathi somgquba Arctic Ocean kwasekwa kwezi meko ezinzima. Ngeendlela ezininzi i-inkululeko eliphezulu zendalo yahlukile imimandla ephakathi yaye yetropika of the World Ocean (IO). Igqame kwaye ngokufutshane ukuchaza ezi mpawu.

iimeko zendalo ezinzima kwi Arctic

Ikhephu iqabaka Zindoyisile ngasentla kweArctic Circle, ihlabathi ephilayo wayethimb ezi mpawu endalo. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yommandla arctic planethi okuhlala zizithuba yamanzi abandayo, ebotshelelwe umkhenkce. Kumazwe awahlukeneyo ngexesha la amagama ndawo zilandelayo: i-Arctic, polar okanye Arctic Ocean. Ihlobo kwi ezinezinga eliphezulu ezimfutshane kunye epholileyo, ubusika ende kakhulu. Umbilo iwela njengekhephu, inani lawo elipheleleyo lincinane - ml malunga 200 kuphela.

Ihlabathi somgquba Arctic Ocean - ke izidalwa eziphilayo kulo ezantsi, unxweme kunye iziqithi ezininzi Arctic kweelwandle. izilwanyana nezityalo ezithile ezincinane apha naphaya kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi ikhephu iqhwa. Njani na ezi abemi Hardy belizwe esiqatha kangaka? Iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezihlala kwi ezinezinga eliphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo emhlophe.

Ihlabathi somgquba Arctic Ocean (ngokufutshane)

Zonke zezinto eziphilayo emazantsi libonisa benthos. Le ulwelwe, izilwanyana, coelenterates, eqhotyoshelwe kule zeendawana kweshelfu kunye kwithambeka lizwekazi, ukukhasa kwezilwanyana. Ulwelwe alawule kelp kunye fucus. eelgrass yezityalo kweentyatyambo ifumaneka kuLwandle White. izilwanyana benthic ikakhulu ezinxulumene ezingenamqolo (ziimpethu, iziponji, ulwandle anemones kunye neenkwenkwezi, squid, oononkala). Ukuba uyakwazi ukumelana nobunzima kubanda kunye ezinzulwini ezimnyama yolwandle.

Lweentlobo phantse 200 ziiphytoplankton, ezinxulumene kakhulu diatoms.
flora ezabanjwa eselunxwemeni lolwandle eziphantse abaninzi zimelwe gymnosperms, kweentyatyambo izityalo kunye ulele. imixokelelwane ukutya ziquka zooplankton, ezingenamqolo zaselwandle, intlanzi, iintaka, izilwanyana. La maqela mabini yokugqibela zihlala unxweme kunye iziqithi, ukutya afunyanwa rhoqo ngakumbi amanzi ukhululekile ice. Kuba ihlabathi yeentaka kwi Arctic uphawuleka ziintlobo ukutyeba, yaye "rookeries 'sinomsindo iyantluko ihlabathi somgquba Arctic Ocean.

Uluhlu nezilwanyana Arctic

Lomqolo: umbala oluhlaza jellyfish, Ophiuroidea "intloko Gorgon kaThixo", squid ezineqokobhe.
Greenland Shark umi phakathi ubungakanani enkulu yeentlanzi. Ezinye abameli izilwanyana zeentlanzi: salmon, herring, cod, zakhele, flatfish (kuquka Paltusova). Iintaka: ptarmigan, guillemot, nefubesi ngekhephu, mantshontsho, ukhozi.

ezanyisayo:

• iminenga unamazinyo (ukutya iminenga, narwhal);
• amatywina (ihapu, zinemizila, itywina engqongwe, amatywina afihle);
• walruses
• omhlophe okanye ibhere elimhlophe;
• adle (icaribou)
• wolf Arctic;
• must inkomo;
• hare arctic;
• lemming.

Ukuqhelaniswa kwezityalo nezilwanyana kwi-Arctic

Ihlabathi somgquba Arctic Ocean ezahlukeneyo ziiphytoplankton phantse njengeendawo kumntla Atlantic kunye wePasifiki. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ezinye lisiza obungabonakaliyo ukugcina ikhono umBoniso nkqu phezu ngumkhenkce. Ngenxa yoko, umphezulu emhlophe ligutyungelwe umboniso ezibuhlazarha-mdaka, yaye umkhenkce uyanyibilika ngokukhawuleza. amanzi abandayo uphakathi esisityebi zomongomoya onyibilikisiweyo ne-nitrogen, xa ekwehliseni umaleko ubunzulu ndiyinyuse Izakha enzima eliphezulu ukuze izilwanyana. Ezi mpawu ukudala iimeko azivumi ukuba uphuhliso olukhawulezayo eziphilayo ezincinane.

A uhlobo yomfuziselo, uphawu apho ukuliqonda ihlabathi somgquba Arctic Ocean - lebhere elimhlophe. Le yenye amarhamncwa amakhulu ukuzivala; umzimba besilisa abadala ayafika ubude leemitha 2-3. Sidla ikakhulu amatywina, intlanzi. White Bear Arctic kunye nezinye izilwanyana uyakwazi ukunciphisa nethe kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Bathi ekhula kancinci, kodwa unako ukufikelela ubungakanani kakhulu kunye nabantu abadala. Ngokomzekelo, omnye sea tropical kunqabile ubomi iminyaka 10, kukho iintlobo polar anokubakho kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-60.

iimeko zemozulu entofontofo kancinane elwandle inxalenye yaseYurophu ye-Arctic, ngoko enezityalo nezilwanyana bacebe. Eyona unabantu abaninzi ke shelf nzulu zwekazi. Kodwa sonke isityalo kunye nehlabathi eziphilayo ngowona uphantsi eziphilayo. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili - iimeko zemozulu ezinzima, ukunqongophala kwelanga kunye nobushushu nezityalo, ukunqongophala kokutya izilwanyana.

Isishwankathelo le Arctic Ocean

Le nxalenye kwanala obubanda ulwandle yehlabathi ohlala% 4 kuphela ummandla ogcweleyo. I-Arctic Ocean ilele phantse embindini le Arctic. Ummandla womda umgca phantsi kwemiqathango - Arctic Circle (66 ° ngaxeshanye kunye w ..). I-Arctic ibandakanya kuphela izithuba ngamanzi, kodwa siqithi, emdeni amazwekazi. Imilambo ye-Arctic Ocean - enye yezona ngokupheleleyo-aqukuqela ehlabathini. Iyangena Arctic kweelwandle: i Yenisey, uLena, OB, Pechora, Yana, Kolyma, Indigirka. Nciphisa wethu Strait esahlula amanzi polar sePasifiki. Umda ne Atlantic ubaleka ngokusebenzisa yaseScandinavia Peninsula nelasezantsi eGreenland. Ngomhla kummandla Arctic nguye kwipali kumantla ngeendawo.