Ihedethi yeGothik - ubukhulu beengcamango zengqungquthela

Isitayela samaGothi sisuka eFransi, apho kwi XII leminyaka yatshintsha iRomanesque. Kamva wathabatha yonke iYurophu yaseNtshona, kwada kwafika emva koBuvuselelo, emva kweeminyaka emine, akazange amcindezele. Isitayela samaGothi sinokulandelwa kuyo yonke imisebenzi yobugcisa obuphambili: ukupenda, iiglasi, i-miniature, iifresco kunye nekiso. Kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo wabonisa ubukhulu bakhe kwizakhiwo zecawa. Inkundla yeGothic yeso sihlandlo ifaka i-facade ehlotshiswe ngokucebile, iikholam, iifestile ezibonakalayo ezinemibala emininzi, kunye neentonga ezinobunqamle, kunye neentlobo ezinqabileyo nezindebe. Iindonga kunye nophahla zihlotshiswe ngokugqithiseleyo zenziwe imifanekiso yezidalwa zengqungquthela. Izikhumbuzo ezintle kakhulu zeGothic zifumaneka kwiindawo ezimbini zaseYurophu - iFransi neSpain.

Ikota yeGothic yaseBarcelona

Le nxalenye enkulu kunazo zonke kwisixeko esiqhelekileyo kunye neyona ndawo ithandwa kakhulu kubakhenkethi eBrazil. Ukutyelela apha kwaye ungayivakali iparele yekota-i-cathedral ye-cathedral (i-XIII-XV iinkulungwane) - oku kuhlambalaza.

Ukuhamba ngezitrato ezihamba ngekota, unokubona izidumbu zodonga lwaseRoma, i-Basilica yaseLa Mercesa, iinqaba zeNdlunkulu ye- Octavian Augustus, icawa laseGothic leXIV i-Santa Maria del Pi kunye neRoyal Palace, apho bekhonza khona ubukhosi bobukhosi baseBarcelona kunye nookumkani baseAragon. Emva kokubukela izakhiwo zasendulo, unokuhamba ngeRoyal Square kunye neSt. James Square. Emva kokukhathala, kodwa ukuhamba okuthakazelisayo, iindwendwe zedolophu zithunyelwa kwi-cabaret yobugcisa "Iikati ezine". Kudumileyo kungekhona nje kwimbali yayo, kodwa nakwiindwendwe zayo ezidumileyo emhlabeni. Babethanda ukutyelela uPablo Picasso kunye nomhlobo wakhe uAntonio Gaudi, uRusinol, u-Isaac Albeniz, uRamon Casas noGonzales.

AmaKhoti angamaGothi aseFransi

Imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yezobugcisa zobugcisa bexesha elidlulileyo eFransi yiinkederalrals of Chartres, Amiens, Angers, Reims kwaye, eqinisweni, eParis. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuba isakhiwo sokuqala sase-gothic sasisontweni yaseSt. Saint-Denis. Iprojekthi yakhe yenziwe ngu-abbot Sugeri. Ngethuba lokwakha, ezininzi inkxaso kunye neendonga zangaphakathi zapheliswa. Ngaloo ndlela ibandla laba libalaseleyo xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo zonqulo zendlela yamaRoma, ngamaxesha amaninzi abizwa ngokuba "iinqaba zikaThixo."

I-Gothic Cathedral yaseChartres, ephakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-90 ukusuka eParis, yakhiwe kwindawo yesonto elidala, indawo leyo eyona nto ingcwele kwiNdlovukazi kaMariya, eyayigcinwe ukususela ngo-876 - idluliselwe kwiCathhedral yaseChartres iTheotokos. Abavakhenkethi beeNtlalontle beReims bavakatyelele izibini ezibini ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, ummeli wesitayela seGothic esiphambili samaxesha okugquma kwawo, kwaye okwesibini, yile ndawo apho phantse zonke iintlanga zaseFransi zithweswe iitrone ezininzi. Ithempeli elihle kakhulu leGothic laseTe-Dame de Paris alimele limele. Wazukisa ihlabathi lonke ngomsebenzi wakhe "I-Cathedral yaseTrace Dame" uVictor Hugo kwisahlulo sokuqala senkulungwane ngaphambi kokugqibela. Ithempeli leNgqiqo, lanikwa yona ngexesha le-Revolution yesiFrentshi, lakhiwa eziliqela iinkulungwane. Unyaka wonke, uhanjelwe ngabantu abayizigidi ezili-14. Abaninzi babo bafuna ukutyelela enye yezikhonkwane ezinkulu zamaKristu emhlabeni jikelele - isithsaba seminzwa kaYesu Kristu, esigcinwe kwikedareli ukususela ngo-Agasti 18, 1239.