Ifilosofi yamaRoma: imbali, umxholo kunye yesikolo

ifilosofi yamaRoma luphawulwa eclecticism, njengabanye ngeli xesha. Le nkcubeko kwasekwa ungquzulwano kunye nempucuko yesiGrike kwaye ngaxeshanye waziva umanyano kunye nayo. ifilosofi laseRoma akanamdla kakhulu kwindlela ngayo indalo - ukuba ikakhulu iintetho malunga nobomi, yokulwa ubunzima kunye nengozi, kwakunye ukudibanisa njani unqulo, inzululwazi, logic kunye neendlela zokuziphatha.

Imfundiso ezintle

Enye omele kakhulu abadumileyo yesikolo yamaStoyike waba Seneca. Waye ngumfundisi uNero - edume igama layo embi waseRoma. bulumko Seneca xa kuchazwa imisebenzi ezifana "Iileta ku Lucilla," "Imibuzo yendalo." Kodwa Roman ubuStoyike iyahluka ukusuka kwiindawo ezindala zamaGrike. Ngoko ke, Zeno kunye Chrysippus wacinga intanda logic skeleton umphefumlo - physics. Yokuziphatha, baza bakholwa izihlunu zakhe. Seneca owabhalwa waba entsha. Soul kunye nengqondo zonke isidima ekuthiwa yokuziphatha. Ewe, waza waphila ngokuvisisana nemigaqo yakhe. Kuba yintoni akazange akholiswe zocindezelo umfundi wakhe nxamnye namaKristu kunye nenkcaso, * uKhesare wayalela uSeneca kuzibulala, ukuba ngesidima wenza.

School of ukuthobeka nokumodareyithwa

UbuStoyike ifilosofi yamandulo eGrisi naseRoma waqonda kakuhle kakhulu kwaye nokuphuhlisa le ndawo kude kube sekupheleni Antiquity. Enye sazi ezaziwayo-kakuhle esi sikolo Epictetus - sobulumko yokuqala zamandulo, nto leyo likhoboka ngokokuzalwa. It washiya istampu kwi iimbono zakhe. Epictetus zicingeleka ebizwa ngokuphandle ngamakhoboka ngabantu abafanayo, njengaye wonke umntu, nto leyo ayifumaneki-bulumko yamaGrike. Ngokuba kuye ubuStoyike wabonakala yokuphila, inzululwazi, ngokukuvumela ukugcina uzibambile, ukuba nifumana enikunanzileyo kwaye ukoyika ukufa. Wathi akufuneki ukuba kakhulu ukuba wayenqwenela ukuba, yaye yintoni na kakade. Ke akuyi kudana ebomini. credo kwakhe zefilosofi Epictetus ekuthiwa abangenamdla, inzululwazi yokubulawa. Oku kuthiwa ukuthobela Logos (uThixo). Ukuthobeka ku isigcino ibonakalisa inkululeko yokomoya ephakamileyo. Epictetus wayengumlandeli * uKhesare Mark Avrely.

abagxeki

Ababhali-mbali abathe balufunda uphuhliso kwengcamango yoluntu, ngokutsho iziko elinye ezifana simanga njengoko bulumko yamandulo. Yamandulo Greece neRoma zazifana olunye eziliqela iingqiqo. Oku okufana emva thuba kudala. Umzekelo, i-isiGrike Roman wacinga ukuba uHana wayesazi into efana kugxeka. Le ndlela kusoloko kwenzeka ebudeni ukwehla ephucuke ezinkulu. -Bulumko Roman arhente zayo Enesidem ukusuka Knossos (umfundi Pyrrhon) uAgripa Sekst Empirik. Bonke bephela zazifana omnye komnye ukuze akuchasa naluphi na uhlobo okuzigwagwisa ngexhanti. main isilogeni wabo wakhuthaza ngoluvo lokuba zonke iinkalo iyaphikisana ndikhanyele ngokwabo, kodwa zonke kugxeka kwaye ngaxeshanye kuthatha athandabuze.

"Kwi-Nature of Sezinto"

Epicureanism waba esinye isikolo ethandwayo laseRoma yamandulo. Lo bulumko yaziwa kuqala Bulelani uTito Lucretius Kara, owayephila ngexesha lukhuni. Waba itoliki ye uEpicurus, kwaye kulo mbongo "Ngomhla Nature of Izinto" kwindinyana ngokuchane kwinkqubo yakhe bulumko. Kuqala kwinto zonke, wabacacisela lo imfundiso-athom. Bona, ndayihluthwa iipropati, kodwa zidibene ukudala umgangatho izinto. Inani athom kwindalo usoloko umnye. Enkosi kubo, kukho utshintsho lomba. akukho kuvela nto. Mazwe multiple, ivela kunye bafe ngokomthetho kokokunyanzelwa zendalo, kwaye athom zezonaphakade. Yonke akupheli, ixesha apho kuphela izinto kunye neenkqubo, kunokuba ngokwayo.

Epicureanism

Lucretius wayengomnye yawona ingcono iimbongi baseRoma yamandulo. intanda yakhe zabizwa zombini sibe nengqumbo phakathi kwabantu bexesha lakhe. Uthe rhoqo kunye nezinye iindawo, ingakumbi ababengakholwa. Lucretius babekholelwa ukuba bakholwa nto inzululwazi ezigugileyo, kuba kungenjalo siya kuba becinga njalo ukuba yonke imini ilanga entsha liphume. Okwangoku, siyazi ukuba le yenye kwaye ukukhanya efanayo. Lucretius kwakhona wagxeka ingcamango zikaPlato ye ekufuduselweni wemiphefumlo. Wathi, ngenxa yokuba kusekho lo mntu uya kufa, yintoni umahluko apho umoya wakhe ongena. Ngokubini obo buphathekayo kunye ngokwasengqondweni xa umntu uzalelwa, indala yaye afe. Lucretius waza wacinga imvelaphi yempucuko. Wabhala ukuba abantu bokuqala babehlala le nkohlakalo, side siye safunda umlilo. Olilizwe yaba sisiphumo yesivumelwano phakathi kwabantu. Lucretius washumayela uhlobo ukungakholelwa zamaEpikure ngexesha elifanayo wagxeka nesimilo baseRoma njengoko impenduka kakhulu.

mpendulo

Ummeli ezigqame le eclecticism waseRoma yamandulo, kwintanda-bulumko yona umxholo weli nqaku, waba uCicero. Isiseko zonke babecinga wayekholelwa inokusebenza. Le lezopolitiko kwaye wazama ukuzibandakanya umnqweno waseRoma sokuziphatha kunye nobugcisa Greek ukuba philosophise. Yaba uCicero eyaqamba ibinzana elithi "gumanitas" thina ngoku esiwasebenzisa ngayo intetho yezopolitiko kunye noluntu. Entsimini inzululwazi ukuba kuthiwe nzulu ngezinto polymath. Njengoko indlela yokuziphatha kunye neendlela zokuziphatha, kule ndawo, wayekholelwa ukuba ingqeqesho nganye phawu ngendlela yakhe. Ngoko ke, wonke umntu ofundileyo kufuneka bazi nayiphi na indlela ulwazi, kwaye ukuba bababambe. Kwaye zonke iintlobo ubunzima ngemihla wababuleweyo amandla ngokuthanda.

Izikolo ngefilosofi-zenkolo

Ngeli xesha kwaqhubeka azivelele kwaye bulumko mandulo yemveli. ERoma yamandulo, esazi kakuhle iimfundiso zikaPlato kunye nabalandeli bakhe. Ngakumbi ngeli xesha ukuba izikolo nendlela zefilosofi nezenkolo, ekuhlanganiseni West kunye East. Imiba ephambili ephakanyiswe ezi mfundiso - kwaye umahluko ratio lomoya kunye mbandela.

Enye endaweni ethandwa baba neopifagoreystvo. Kwakusenza ingcamango kaThixo omnye yaye ihlabathi lizele ephikisanayo. Neo-Pythagoreans ayekholelwa umlingo lwamanani. owaziwayo-kakuhle kakhulu esikolweni of Tyana, ngubani bamhleka Apuleius ngo "Metamorphoses 'yakhe. Phakathi Izilumko baseRoma alawula imfundiso ka uPhilo waseAlexandria, lowo uzama ukuxhulumana ubuYuda kunye zikaPlato. Wayekholelwa ukuba uYehova wadala Iilogo, owadala ihlabathi. Akukho Engels Akumangalisi kanye ngokuba uPhilo "kayise ka ubuKristu."

Le ntsingiselo edl

Izikolo Basic waseRoma Intshabalalo yaMandulo ziquka ifilosofi Neo-zikaPlato. Iinkcuba yalo mbutho wadala imfundiso yonke inkqubo yabameli - emanations - phakathi uThixo ihlabathi. Eyona idumileyo kwakukho Neoplatonists Iamoniyam Saccas, Plotinus, Iamblichus, Proclus. Ayesithi polytheism. Ngo-bulumko yamaGrike Neoplatonists uphando inkqubo indalo nje yimbalasane ukubuya omtsha obungunaphakade. Ayekholelwa kaThixo isizathu, mgaqo, undoqo kunye nenjongo izinto zonke. UMdali ethulula ehlabathini, ngenxa yokuba indoda uhlobo frenzy angaya kuye. It is a urhulumente bathi bathabatheka ngokugqithiseleyo. Sondela Iamblichus baba obungunaphakade bamelene Neoplatonists - Gnostic. Ayekholelwa ukuba wobubi isiqalo elizimeleyo, yaye zonke emanations ke ngenxa yokuba ukuba indalo sele iqalile nxamnye nokuthanda kukaThixo.

Kwintanda-bulumko eRoma amandulo ngokufutshane apha ngasentla. Siyabona ukuba ingcamango eli xesha kakhulu iphenjelelwa ababengaphambi kwakhe. Yaba zobulumko zamaGrike zendalo, amaStoyike, kaPlato, Pythagoreans. Kakade ke, amaRoma into etshintshileyo okanye kuphuhliswa ingqondo iingcamango zangaphambili. Kodwa ke popularization kwabo kwaba ekugcineni kuluncedo-bulumko yamandulo xa iyonke. Ngapha koko, ukuba kubulelwe sobulumko yamaRoma ephakathi eYurophu baqhelana amaGrike waza waqalisa ukufunda izinto ezingakumbi.