Ibandla loMsindisi kwiNereditsa. Ibandla loMsindisi kwiNereditsa

U-Ilya Glazunov unemibala enhle ebizwa ngokuthi "Mfundisi Veliky Novgorod". Itempile eboniswe kuyo, indawo yayo, amasimi ajikeleze kakhulu afana neCawa loMsindisi wethu kwiNereditsa. Akumangalisi, ikwafumaneka kufuphi noNovgorod, kwaye ijikelezwe yi-Volkhov.

URurikovichi - iinkosana zokuqala zaseRashiya

E-Rashiya, iithempelesi zihlala zakhiwa kwindawo ephezulu - kufuphi noThixo. Isithili sinomlinganiselo ophezulu -Nereditsa. Ibandla lokuguqulwa kweNkosi limi kulo. Inikezelwa kubantwana babini ba-Yaroslav Vladimirovich. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuba igama lesidlaliso "Iilumko" libalekile ukuba longeze "i-Cruel". Ngeke kube neenkcukacha ezaneleyo zokubhala uluhlu lwabantwana kwi-Rurikovichs nganye eRussia. Kwaye unyana kaYuri Dolgoruky, uVsevolod, ngenxa yeenani labafazi kunye nabantwana, wathola isiteketiso "Isikhulu seNest". Iinkosana zafa, kwaye ebomini babo umzalwana waya ekulweni nomntakwabo, unyana kayise, uyise wonyana. Abangcwele baseRashiya bokuqala baseBris noGleb, abazalwana bakaYaroslav oBulumko kunye neSyotopolk, owathi, ngokubhaliweyo, wabulala, apho wamkela igama lokuthiwa "Libiwe." Kukho uluvo lokuba bawa yiYaroslav. Ngenye indlela, iBandla loMsindisi ku-Nereditsa lazinikezelwa ngokukhethekileyo kubo, kuba umzobo owehlukile wecawa wagcinwa ubuso babangcwele baseRashiya.

Indawo yetempile

Icawa yakhiwa kufuphi ne-Yaroslav, iikhilomitha ezintathu ukusuka Novgorod. Wabeka itempile kufuphi nendlu yakhe kwindawo yesakhiwo. Ngoku le ndawo ingumfanekiso weemvubukulo, obizwa ngokuba yi "Rurikovo hillfortfort", kwaye ifakwe kwiluhlu lwelifa lemveli elibizwa ngokuba yi "Great Novgorod", ekhuselwe yi-UNESCO. I-monastery, ehamba emva kancinane kwi-Transfiguration Transfiguration kwi-Nereditsa, yabizwa ngokuba ngu "Msindisi kwi-hillfort". NgoNogorgorod, ngexesha lolawulo lukaYaroslav, kwakhiwa isonto elisebenzayo. Ngokungafani ne-St. Sophia Cathedral enkulu, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-12 kunye neye-13 yeempile zetempile zazincinci zakhiwe ngokukhawuleza. Ibandla lisebhankini loMlambo waseSpassky. Indlela eya kudlula ethempelini eya eMoscow. Eyakhelwe ngolunye uhlobo lwe-1198, iBandla loMsindisi e-Nereditsa laliyakhiwo yokugqibela yaseYaroslav kweli lizwe. AmaNogorodians axoshe kuye. Kodwa yaba yindlu yokugqibela yesiqhelo ngokubanzi - i-Novgorod yaba yidolophu yamahhala.

Imiqathango eqinisekisa ubunikazi

Icawa ngokwayo incinci, nangona ibonisa umxhwele. Kwakhona inxalenye yelifa lemveli "iVeliky Novgorod", kunye namanye amasonto alondoloziwe akhiwa nguYaroslav kunye nabaphambi kwakhe. Iisampula zeetempile zaseKieg, ezithathwa njengesiseko, zacetyiswa ngamasiko asekuhlaleni, ubugcisa bezobugcisa kunye nabaphathi. Baye bafumana okokuqala ngenxa yeempawu zelitye lesakhiwo kunye nobuchule bokubeka izindonga. Kwakuhlukile - ngokubhekiselele kwi-plinfa (izitena kwi-rock rock), ilitye lendawo, elingaqhutywanga kakuhle, umquba kunye nokudibanisa kwezitena kunye ne-Volkhov limestone. Ngenxa yokungalingani kweendonga ze-plinth kwakunzima. Yonke le nto iyimfuneko kwaye yabelwe ukwakha kwendawo kwindawo ethile ebizwa ngokuthi "uphuhliso lwelizwe lakwaNovgorgorod", ummeli omele ukuba yiCawa loMsindisi kwiNereditsa.

Tempile efana

Ithempeli elincinci, apho isichazi "ikamelo" lisebenza khona, lwakhiwa ngenkumbulo yabantwana ababuleweyo, kwaye yazalelwa njengendawo yokungcwaba. Ukwakhiwa kwakwenziwa ngezinga elikhawulezileyo, ixesha liyi rekhodi - iinyanga ezine kuphela, kodwa i-1199 ezayo yonke icawa yayisiyicwecwe. Ngokwakhe uhlobo kunye nokwakhiwa (ityala elilodwa linye lefomu le cubic), itempile loMsindisi kwiNereditsa lifana nezinye izakhiwo zonqulo ezakhiweyo ngexesha elifanayo. Efana kakhulu neCathralral Transfiguration ePereyaslav-Zalessky, kwiChedralral yaseDmitrievsky eVladimir, iCawa yasePyatnitskaya eChernigov, iBandla lika- Annunciation e-Arkazh, likaPetros noPawulos kwiSinychnaya Gora nabanye. Zonke zazo ziyinxalenye enkulu yecawa yamaOthodox. Ukwakhiwa kwamabandla atyelelwe ngamatye eRussia kwaqala ukwakhiwa kweCawa yeZishumi e-Kiev ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-10, kwaye ukwakhiwa okusebenzayo kwamabandla anolu hlobo kuqhubeka ngoku ngoku. Ngemihla yethu ukuba izakhiwo zenkcubeko zonakaliswe nguRhulumente waseSoviet zibuyiselwe kwaye ezitsha zakhiwa. Kwaye kulungile ukuba bagcine ifom ehambelana necawa yaseOrthodox yaseRashiya, kwaye ifana nezobudwebo zeNesterov kunye neGlazunov. Ukuqhubeka kugcinwa, abantwana banamhlanje bafundiswa uthando eRashiya ukususela ebuntwaneni, kwaye ingcamango ethi "iRashiya oyiNgcwele" isondele kakhulu.

Impawu zelizwe

Ibandla loMsindisi kwiNereditsa libhekiselele kummandla ongqamlekileyo, kunye neentsika ezine zenkxaso zezakhiwo zonqulo. Yena, njengezakhiwo ezininzi ezifanayo, unomthombo we-pozakomarnoe oqhelekileyo wokwakhiwa kwecawa yaseOrthodox yaseRashiya. Iipinethi okanye ii-macarity zakomarars zimela uphahla lwentsimbi, kunokuba luyinkimbinkimbi ekwenzeni, iphinda iphinda ifakwe kwecawa. I-zakomar ngokwayo isithweswe isithonga-isahluko esicacileyo seqhekeza lecawa. Lezi ziqhekeza eziqhelekileyo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zihombise itempile, kwelinye - zinike ubungqina bobuzwe obuhlukile. Ngenxa yobuncinane bayo, iBandla leShintsho loMsindisi kwiNereditsa linamaqhosha amancinci, emele i-mezzanines yokuhlala kwi-choir.

Ukwakhiwa kwecawa kwiNereditsa

Ngokuqhelekileyo la makamelo - iiyuniti okanye iiflethi - zihlala kwigalari evulekileyo okanye kwibhalkoni ngaphakathi kwecawa, kwaye ihlala ikhona kwinqanaba lomgangatho wesibini eludongeni olubhekiselele kwisibingelelo. Lecawa ineendonga ezinobukhulu, isiteji esincinci kunye nokungena kwendlu ye-choir, ekhoneni lomthi, lithengise ngodonga olusentshona. Kukho ezimbini iiplanga ezisezantsi. Icawa yoMsindisi uNereditsa e-Novgorod inezintlu ezingaqhelekanga, izindonga ezinokugqithisa, kodwa ayinakuyiphathisa yonke into, kodwa inika itempile into ethile yokuziqhelanisa kunye nokuyingqayizivele. Iindonga zePlastiki zithathwa njengezimanga. Nangona kunjalo, icawa iyingqayizivele.

Icawa yakha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye nangona bayifake i-year, i-fresco yokudweba yayifutshane. Umzobo wawuhlanganisa indawo yonke yangaphakathi - iindonga, idome, ethwele iikholomu, kwaye kulo mlingana kwakungekho. Isibambiso esikhulu kunazo zonke, isikhumbuzo esithe tye kunazo zonke ezenziwe ngophawu olungakumbi kwiRashiya kuphela, kodwa naseYurophu - lo ngumzobo uMsindisi onguNereditsa onayo. I-Novgorod ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa enye injalo.

Ulibalekile kwaye ulondolozwe

Kwiminyaka emininzi icawa yema, ngokumangalisa ngokuhambelanayo ukudibanisa kwindawo ejikelezileyo, kwaye kwakungekho nto ekhethekileyo kuyo. Inomdla kuyo kwavela kwisiqingatha sesibini seXIXX. Umculi uN. Martynov ngo-1867 wathabatha indondo yebhedu e-Paris ukuze ikhuphe iikopi zee-nemrichesky. Ngowe-1910 ukubuyiselwa kunye nokufunda ngokuqhubekayo kweefrescoes kuqala. Konke oku kuninzi okanye ngaphantsi kokuqhubeka ngokukhawuleza kwada kwee-1930. Lo msebenzi wawuhlala unyanzelwa nguNicholas Roerich, owayefuna ukulondoloza iparele njengeSpas kwiNereditsa. Iifresco zeetempile zafika kweso sihlandlo esimangalisayo.

Insight Great

Ngombulelo kumsebenzi owenziwe ngelo xesha, ezi buncwane zigcinwe kwiifoto kunye neikopi zemihla yethu kwaye zikhutshwe kwincwadi eyahlukileyo. Iifresco ngokwazo, kunye netempile ngokwalo, yafa ngokupheleleyo ngo-1941 ukusuka kwi-shellcake, kuba kwakukho indawo yomlilo ebandleni. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kweli bandla ukuba umsebenzi wokubuyisela waqala ngowe-1944. Ithempeli libuyiselwa ngokobuchule kangangokuthi bambalwa abantu abayibona njengento yokudala emva kwempi. Kwakunokwenzeka ukuhlaziya icawa kuphela ngenxa yemidwebo eninzi eyenziwa ngo-1903-1904 ngu-Academician P. Pivovarov.

Omnye wohlobo

Kusuka kude ungabona itempile loMsindisi emi eqongeni kwiNereditsa. Iifoto, ezikhoyo ngobuninzi, zibonisa ubuhle bayo obuhle. Ngaphandle, unengxelo echanekileyo ye-predecessor, kodwa ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi akukwazanga kubuyiselwa, kuba i-15% yeengqungquthela zangaphambili zasinda, ikakhulukazi inxalenye engaphezulu - izindonga, iinqonga, idome.

Ukungafani komthombo akukona nje ukuba yonke into yayibonwe, yonke into yayimangalisa - indlela yokubhala kunye neengqungquthela zamafresco yayimangalisa.

Ngokungaqhelekanga ngelo xesha kwaye kwacatshangelwa njengemifanekiso yomfanekiso kwidome ye "Ukuphakama" umfanekiso kaKristu kunye neengelosi ezithandathu. Ngeli xesha i-domes yayihlotshiswe nge "Pantocrat". Oku kwakunjalo, njengommiselo, umfanekiso kaYesu. Wadala intsikelelo ngesandla sakhe sokunene, wagcina iVangeli ngakwesobunxele. Iingqungquthela zeCawa zazifumaneka kuma-9 emithathu. Kwakukho iingoma "Ubhaptizo", imizobo yeenkosana ezibuleweyo kunye nabangcwele bokuqala uBoris noGleb. Kwakukho umfanekiso omkhulu we-Yaroslav kunye nokwakhiwa okukhulu kweSigwebo Sokugqibela, apho kwakukho indawo kwibali "isityebi esihogweni." Inkqubo epheleleyo yokupenda, njengokomzekelo, eSt. Sophia Cathedral, yayingekho, kwakungekho ncinane nje imbali yeziganeko, kodwa ayifuni ukubaluleka kweengqungquthela ezingabonakaliyo.

Ubuchule bokubambisana

Iingcali ezininzi zichaza oku kungasebenzi ngokubakho kwenani elikhulu labagcisa kunye nokuzaliseka kokuzaliseka kwenkqubo. Kwaye abanye bathi iYaroslav ngeenyanga ezifutshane zasehlobo, xa iicawa zivame ukupenda, zize zenziwe ziingcali ezizimeleyo, phakathi kwazo zazingumfokazi. Ngoko ke, kukho intetho.

Igama elithe ngqo lomculi alingaziwa, kodwa (mhlawumbi) libonisa ukuba wayengumfanekiso we-Olisei Grechin. Abaphengululi be-Archaeologists bafumene i-workshop yakhe, apho kubonisa khona ukubandakanyeka kwakhe kwimifanekiso engapheliyo. Iingcali ziqaphele ukuba isitayela sokubhala sibanzi, sisondele, kunoko, kwindlela yasempumalanga kunomnye oqinileyo waseByzantine.

Ukulondolozwa kwelifa

Emva kwemfazwe, iBandla leMguquko loMsindisi kwiNereditsa labuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo ngo-1958, kwaye ngo-1992 lalifakwe kwiLifa leMveli leMhlaba.

Impumelelo enkulu kukuba ngoku kukho ukutyhila kwi-3D system. Abafundi beYunivesithi yaseLeningrad kwimifanekiso emnyama nemhlophe kunye nemifanekiso, egcinwe kwii-archives, bakwazi ukuphinda bahlaziye umzobo wangaphakathi nangaphandle weetempile, kwaye utshintsha ngexesha. Kwaye konke oku kuhambelana nokunyaniseka.

Okwangoku, icawa ngokwayo isebenza iintsuku eziliqela ngeveki njengemyuziyam evulekele kwiindwendwe.