RAF-2203: Ukubuyekezwa abanini, iinkcukacha, iifoto

"Rafik 2203" - luthandwa wabaqhubi ezininzi, nanamhlanje nguye imiphefumlo yabo nostalgia. Yaye ngoku, xa le modeli asisekho ekuvelisweni kwale van uhlala iikopi ezixabisekileyo kunqabile ukuba abalandeli Retro kunye zakudala.

Nimble kunye yalwa RAF-2203

RAF model 2203 yaveliswa Riga ukususela 1976 ukuya 1987. It ibiya iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Amaninzi ke kwisithuthi esetyenziswa iimoto isiphekepheke, ambulensi kunye nonyango kanye njengoko iimoto yoluntu kunye nenkampani.

iteksi Layout RAF-2203 - wagon. nezibilini zayo iqulathe amacandelo 2:

1. gumbi Front apho ibekwe umqhubi omnye isihlalo ungumhlali.
2. igumbi ngasemva, baxhotyiswa izitulo abakhweli ezisithoba, apho kukho isithuba imithwalo.

Ndimele ndithi kwi iteksi reviews RAF-2203 esihle kakhulu. Abantu ababesebenza kule "Rafiki," musa ukukufihla ulangazelelo lwabo malunga isihloko isithuthi. Ngokutsho kwabo, umatshini esihle,-high speed, zinamandla kwaye nenoqoqosho. Ukongeza, i kakhulu ukudunyiswa ngenxa yokwakha elungileyo, uphume ezibalaseleyo vortkost kwi amathuba yaye esenza sibe lokuqhuba ezilulamileyo.

Injini - intliziyo nayiphi na imoto

injini RAF-2203 kunye amafutha isiBeki, oko mayixhotyiswe isithuthi, ukusebenza ipetroli. Kuba kule modeli siye wasebenzisa injini ukusuka ndingaz-24. Kuye ibekwe ngaphambili kwaye iqhuba kweevili angasemva. I-injini waba lungiselelo esemgceni, vana 4 kunye nesilinda 8. Eneneni, ndiya kuthi ukuba le modeli lixhotyiswe iintlobo ezimbini iinjini:

• ZMZ 2401;
• ZMZ 402-10.

Ukuba injini yesibini unamandla ngakumbi, ukuba umahluko phakathi kwabo. Noko ke, kwakukho omnye ngaphezulu ifuthe ezikhethekileyo - injini yokuqala ukusebenza ipetroli AI-76, kwaye eyesibini - on AI-93.

Manual transmission speed-4 uye synchronizers minibus kuzo zonke amagiya phambili, elisuke inkonzo zothumelo "Rafik".

Imoto akwazi ukufikelela ngesantya leyo ilikhulu elinamanci mabini - ikhulu elinamanci mathathu leekhilomitha ngeyure.

Body nokumiswa ngetekisi

Body RAF-2203 - azale, bonke-metal. Le moto iye 4 iingcango olunye-igqabi:

• 2 kuzo - ekunene - ziyilelwe umkhweli zokubhoda;
• ucango osekhohlo ukuba umqhubi;
• emnyango diff enikezela unikezelo kwi isithuba imithwalo.

Zahluma ukumiswa itekisi kunye absorbers umothuko, kwakunye kwinkqubo brake "Rafik 'owenza ukuba inkqubo iziqhoboshi igubu efakwe zonke zone amavili kulo matshini. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, yenza ukulungiswa RAF-2203 ezingaba khona kwizikhululo zasekhaya ezininzi.

Production - Latvia

Uninzi imodeli imveliso yokuqala minivans photos RAF-2203 apho ubona kweli nqaku, baye bafudukela phantsi umgca ibandla le mveliso entsha imoto Latvian ngoDisemba 1975. Waza ke kunyaka olandelayo yavulwa Street Green imveliso yazo mass. Emva konyaka wema phezu yokuthutha kunye ukuguqulwa eyahlukileyo - Coach olungxamisekileyo inkonzo yonyango RAF-22031.

Xa imoto ukuguqulwa njengoko evenini, oko amandla ikuvumela ukuba ukuthwala abantu elinanye emgceni. Ngenxa kule nezinye iimpawu nezinye RAF-2203 sele zasasazwa ngokubanzi kulo lonke USSR. Emva kokuwa yenarha ithi ezahlukeneyo, ezi ezimotweni sele ithathelwe yi imifuziselo ezintsha, ingakumbi imoto "Gazel". Kodwa ezinye zisekhona kwamanye amazwe awayesakuba Union.

Ezinye iinkcukacha imoto

idatha Technical kunye nomlinganiselo RAF-2203 imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ubude imoto 4 ifikelela 980 m cm ububanzi - 2 m 035 cm, ukuphakama kumatshini - 1 m 970 cm.
2. Track angaphambili amavili "rafika" - 1 m 474 cm, umkhondo diff - 1 m 420 cm.
3. iteksi Mass izixhobo - 1670 kg.
4. ubunzima bayo bephelele - 2710 kg.
5. Injini પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi, 4 itankana ZMZ 2203 / 2,445 iilitha.
6. Inani lezihlalo - 11, kunye umqhubi.
7. Umgama elekhtrons ngesantya-60 km / h yi 25.8 m.
8. itulo Front yi-1 m ukuya 200 cm.
9. itulo diff - 1 kuphela m 120cm.
10. amanyathelo Machine ukuphakama phezu komhlaba - 40 cm.
11. single-idiskhi Dry iklatshi.
12. gearbox Manual.
13. absorbers umothuko ngamanzi.
14. Spring Front ukumiswa Independent kwi wishbone.
15. ukumiswa oxhomekekileyo yokukhulisa kwi longitudinal imithombo amagqabi semi-okweqanda.

Iimpawu itekisi RAF

Babubone bonke nxantathu apho abantu ngothando ngokuthi "Rafiki" hlukile bumper asondezwe ngaphambili ngaphandle "aso", ebonakalisa iifestile iingcango ngaphambili, izibane ngokubanzi emhlophe phezu kwendlu, nezipili ngasemva-imbono ngeenxa kunye chrome-ezinamavili iminqwazi Recordable diski, ngangokuba "iVolga" ndingaz -21.

Phambi kokugqitywa ngo-1976 lezibuko iteksi RAF-2203 yagqitywa nge-original high panel isixhobo, mayixhotyiswe khwlzleyo ngeenxa zonke. Ngowe-1977, le ndlela iye yafumana iqela elitsha kunye cluster isixhobo, yathatyathwa ukusuka ndingaz-24. Ngelo xesha linye kwagqitywa ukushiya ofaka umoya, ibekwe phantsi kwe window phakathi kwicala port le.

Ukuphonononga "Rafiki"

Ethetha yokuba abantu sithetha RAF-2203. Ukuphonononga ze abanikazi, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kulungile kunene. Kukho ezinye iinkcukacha ezincinane kungathathwa a thabatha, kodwa hayi ibaluleke kangaka isimo. Abameli iinkampani, kwakunye nabo fumene RAF ushishino, ababesithi banikwa ngexabiso eliphantsi kumatshini, abuye ngobuciko bakhe. Oku okokuqala, okwesibini, into ebalulekileyo kukuba kukungabikho iingxaki abaza kuzisebenzisa. Phantse yonke into oyifunayo, faka imoto "iVolga", ngaphandle zentsimbi yomzimba.

Little "itanki" ethembekileyo - wabelithiyiwe abanye abaqhubi RAF-2203. Ukuphonononga ze abanikazi igcwele kakhulu ngokubhekiselele kwesi auto-Bani. Abanye baphawula ingangeni obutofotofo emotweni, ngoko bayayamkela mhlawumbi nje usuku olunye. Nangona dashboard ithe yavavanywa awona manqaku aphezulu, kodwa uninzi ingqalelo kuyo kakhulu lula. ukucoca komhlaba High yenza ifumaneka minibus uqhuba kwi kwindlela zomhlaba.

Ukusuka ezimbi ukuze bathi kunye nokuphathwa ubusika kancinane kakhulu, kodwa ke, kwakhona, apho kufuneka khona mkhwa. Umntu aqhelisele kancinane ukuba umqhubi, kunye nobuchule uza kuza. Njengoko thabatha kuqatshelwe kwaye ukuba ume phambi injini, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba evenini ubunzima abafudukayo kwi inxalenye ngaphambili. Kakade ke, ukuba neengxaki ziquka ukusetyenziswa aphezulu amafutha RAF-2203.

Iimpawu iteksi (oko ekuvunyelweneyo zonke ethetha out), njengoko le moto ayibizi kwaye aluncedo kakhulu, yenza kube inayo kumashishini amancinci.

Qala zokukhokhela imodeli 2203

Ngasekupheleni-imi- 60 shishino Latvian lweemoto zafumana ukunqongophala bafa isithuba kwimveliso. Ngenxa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeli lizwe enkulu iiveni kwakungenakwenzeka. Kwaye ngoko ke ngowe-1969 saqalisa ukwakha isityalo esitsha, nto leyo iqhele 25 km ukusuka Riga, kwisixeko Jelgava.

Enyanisweni, lo sityalo Isigebenga ekuqaleni sayilwa kwaye wakha phantsi imodeli entsha taxis yaye baxhotyiswe kakhulu ngelo xesha izixhobo zale mihla. Ngokusemthethweni, imveliso waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-1976. Kwaba ngaloo nyaka baqalisa imveliso kwimveliso lothotho inani evenini kwisalathiso 2203.

production mass

Njengoko isantya zokukhokhela evenini "Rafiq-2203" lagqithisa engaphambili, imodeli 977. Ngowe-1984, ngoFebruwari, isityalo yavelisa ikhulu engama sewaka RAF-2203 - kwaye oku emva kweminyaka 9 kuphela emva kokuqalisa yemveliso uthotho!

Kule minyaka ingama-80 ezayo kumzi-mveliso e Jelgava livelise malunga 17,000 ezimotweni ngonyaka ngamnye. Ukulungiselela le njongo yokuba nabo babandakanyekayo kwaye nazo zonke iivenkile ezindala kunye umzimba kwishishini e Riga, kodwa ubukhulu becala ke ngoku uza abasakhasayo nebhetshi amancinane yeemoto-odolo ezikhethekileyo. Riga ngokwakho ofisi yoyilo, kunye Special Bureau ilungiselelwe uvavanyo.

mathuba kwimbali

Iimoto yokuqala RAF babe neempawu zabo, ezifana mibala ye ndingaz-24 kunye ubukho Umfuziselo mveliso emnyango angasemva. Kwakufika ithuba 1978-1979 yabalasela ngokokubekwa ngokukhanya le "iVolga" emanyeneyo baphinda ibhasi amathuba, kunye Umfuziselo zesityalo yasuswa emnyango umva. Ngaphezu koko, phantse-10 iminyaka minivans eziveliswa kule fomu, ngaphandle kokwenza naluphi na utshintsho ezibalulekileyo kakhulu.

uphawu olunobulunga kwincopho ephunyelelweyo

Ngowe-1979, ukuze izityalo kwemveliso RAF wafumana Quality Mark State. Kodwa abanye, ngalisayo kanye emva koko umgangatho eveliswa qho ngonyaka baqalisa iinqwelo ukuze bawe. Tyala ngokuya yaqala ukufumana izikhalazo, izikhalazo kunye namabango, ingakumbi abanikezeli beenkozo zononophelo lwempilo abasebenzisa lo inqwelo yezigulana. Isiganeko ezingemnandi yenzeka ngoFebruwari 1986, ngoko phantse 13 gospriomka% of iiveni ezintsha babuyela isityalo ukuze kupheliswe iziphene andibhaqwa.

Linye phakathi abaphathi

Kwakhona ngo-1986 phakathi kulawulo zesityalo liphuhlise ingxoxo yoluntu. Kabukhali waphakamisa isihloko uchukumisa nje oonobangela ukwehla okuthe umgangatho kwimveliso nemoto Jelgava. Ngexesha ungquzulwano weza isigqibo ukuphucula le meko, isityalo kufuna nje ukukhululwa imifuziselo ezintsha iiveni, kodwa abanye abalawuli.

Emva konyulo oko kwenziwa kwaba uViktor sisuka. Ngokunxibelelene Riga skate Factory evela lwabiwo mali lukazwelonke imali eninzi kuba uphuculo iyonke zobugcisa kunye nemfuneko ukuba imifuziselo kuveliswa, kuquka i-RAF-2203, iinkcukacha ziye ngcono kakhulu.

qhawulo

Emva yiSoviet Union iwa, isityalo RAF, njengamanye Baltic iingxilimbela ezininzi ezifanayo mveliso kwabo- nakala. I-zahlukane Russia akazange adlale ezandleni kwimveliso. Ngenxa kumjikelo yemveliso kwisityalo wawufuna izinto ukusuka eRashiya, yaye oku kusebenza kuzo zonke amacandelo. Ngelo xesha, kusekho ngenxa ukutyhoboza lobudlelwane ne-Russia, imarike yawa kabukhali, ngenxa yoko kwafuneka yemveliso ukuba kunqunyulwa phambi kokukhutshwa iimoto 4-5 amawaka ngonyaka.

Ukuzama ukuba ziphile kwaye kuhlala lingaphezu, ulawulo isityalo ukuba wenza imigudu ukuze bandise imveliso. Ukuveliswa sungula ezininzi ezintsha iimoto eluncedo nxantathu ukulungiselela iinjongo ezikhethekileyo ngokusekelwe RAF-2203. amaqela amancinci kuya kukhulula iiveni RAF-2920, into eluncedo ezilayishayo RAF-3311, kunye nezinye izithuthi. Kodwa ke ngelishwa, ngathi kuveliswe kwimpumelelo manyathelo uzisa, kuba, enyanisweni, imodeli isiseko kanye "Rafiq-2203" sele kakhulu tshembiseke kuphelelwa ngeloo xesha.

Ukuveliswa i "Rafik" ivuso ivaliwe Final

1993 kwaphawula ukuqala imveliso ye Nizhny Novgorod "Ibhadi", kwaze oko kwakhokelela isityalo eBaltic, oveza "Rafiki" Ekugqibeleni ezilahlekileyo kwimalike yalo inkulu - Russia. Local, oko kukuthi abemi lweBaltic nayo hayi ngokukodwa babonisa umdla wabo iimveliso, ozikhethayo zabo banikwa ukuba b / u beemoto abavela eNtshona Yurophu.

Uncedo amashishini wayengenakuyijika loo imodeli ezisisiseko, ingakumbi ekubeni ehlabathini 80s emva kwexesha ', le mveliso wadala 2 nje ingqiqo mihla, le "Roxanne" yaye "Steeles". Le modeli balindele eliphezulu. Kodwa ukuya imveliso yawo abaninzi, kwakudinga yotshintsho olukhulu nkampani kunye notyalo-mali ebonakalayo. Ukufunwa-mali zange kube yimpumelelo, inani wavelisa "Rafikov" yenyanga baba ezincinane kwaye Wakhula amatyala zezityalo.

Lo mzuzu bafika ngo-1997 xa isityalo Baltic RAF wakhupha ibhetshi yayo yokugqibela iimveliso, kwaye entwasahlobo ka-1998, inkampani wathi ungonakala. Apha kule kwaye lagqitywa ibali evenini abaninzi kwimbali yiSoviet Union, yaye isiphelo sawo imbali ishishini nemoto Latvian.