I-Sea Okhotsk: izixhobo, inkcazelo, indawo ahlala kuyo

Ulwandle Okhotsk, izibonelelo ezo ezibalulekileyo kurhulumente - omnye kweelwandle inkulu besive wePasifiki. Zibekwe elunxwemeni of Asia. It siyahlukana olwandle i ena Peninsula kunye iziqithi - Hokkaido, esikunxweme lwempuma yeso Sakhalin kunye Kuril namazwe chain.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ulwandle kucingelwa ukuba abanda zonke ibekwe kwiMpuma Ekude. Nditsho ehlotyeni iqondo lobushushu kulo ayidluli 18 degrees ngasezantsi kunye kumntla-mpuma, ithemometha ibonisa 10 degrees - inani eliphezulu.

Inkcazelo emfutshane oLwandle Okhotsk

Kuyinto cool nonamandla. Sea Okhotsk uhlamba lwaseYurophu Japan naseRashiya. Ngokwendlela emile ngayo yayo ifane umzimba trapezoid eqhelekileyo amanzi. Sea lususela ntshona ukuya mpuma. Ubude kwelona km 2.463 kunye ububanzi ubuninzi - 1,500 km. Ubude unxweme km ngaphezu kwama-10 000. ubunzulu Sea Okhotsk (Isalathisi ubuninzi depression) abamalunga 4000 km. uhlobo dama, kufutshane ngohlangothi lizwekazi, - ezahlukeneyo.

umsebenzi mlilo inabela zombini komhlaba kunye ngamazantsi olwandle. Xa amanzi efika intshukumo zenyikima okanye ukwanda mlilo kwamanzi, oko kunokubangela amaza amakhulu, itsunami.

hydronym

Igama kuLwandle Okhotsk, izibonelelo ezisetyenziswa kumacandelo ezoqoqosho lwala mazwe mabini (Russia kunye Japan), evela igama Hunt River. Ngokutsho imithombo ezisemthethweni phambi kokuba intlonelo Lamsky kunye ena. EJapan, kangangexesha elide ulwandle ngokuba "North". Kodwa ngenxa ukudideka elinye igama elifanayo ichibi, hydronym lungiswa kwaye ngoku ebizwa ngokuba luLwandle Okhotsk.

Ixabiso oLwandle Okhotsk e Russia

It zibalulekile. Ukususela 2014 uLwandle Okhotsk ubhekisela amanzi emhlabeni i-Russian Federation. Urhulumente uthathela kuye uncedo ngokupheleleyo ubutyebi bayo. Okokuqala, oko umthengisi iphambili kweentlobo salmon. It chuma, sockeye, chinook kunye namanye amalungu entsapho. Apha imveliso caviar esicwangciswe, nto leyo uxatyiswa kakhulu ngokwaneleyo. Akumangalisi Russia yenye zabathengisi ezinkulu-isikali le mveliso.

Iingxaki loLwandle Okhotsk, Noko ke, njengokuba namanye amaqumrhu yamanzi, zikhokelele unciphiso kakhulu abemi. Kungenxa yoko le nto urhulumente kwakufuneka ukunciphisa lokuloba. Kwaye akukho usapho nje salmon, kodwa ezinye iintlobo ezifana herring, flounder, cod.

imboni

Russia ekufezile iziphumo enkulu kuphuhliso loshishino kunxweme loLwandle Okhotsk. Okokuqala, ukuba shipyards kunye, Kakade ke, iifektri imveliso yeentlanzi. Ezi ndawo zimbini ziye zaphuculwa kwiminyaka 90 yaye ngoku kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho karhulumente. Namhlanje apha kukho amashishini ezininzi zorhwebo.

Industry kwakhona kwi ephuhliswe kakuhle. Sakhalin. Ekuqaleni, ngamaxesha zinkulu, yokuba ziqondeka kakubi, kuba waba yindawo amakhonkco ulawulo abantu ayifanelekanga. Ngoku le meko itshintshe ngokupheleleyo. Industry liyakhula, abantu baya ufuna ukuza apha, ukuba imali enkulu.

Ena amashishini yokwenza yoKutya kwaselwandle e kwimarike ehlabathini. imveliso yawo kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Ihlangabezana imigangatho kwaye ezithandwa kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi.

Ngenxa oyile negesi amasimi, eRashiya abe yedwa kule ndawo. Akukho zikarhulumente eziya kusetyenziswa ukunika imiqulu ezifanayo ukuya eYurophu of oyile negesi. Kungenxa yoko le nto amashishini imali eninzi imali kubuncwane geqe.

iziqithi

ELwandle Okhotsk kwiziqithi ezincinane, inkulu kubo - Sakhalin. unxweme yayo non-uniform: emantla-mpuma kukho yasezithabazini,-mpuma esinyusiweyo kancinane ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, ibekwe elunxwemeni ngasentshonalanga.

umdla Special ukuba Kuril Islands. Ngobukhulu ukuba zincinane, ezinkulu, kukho malunga-30, kodwa kukwakho ezincinane. Bebonke bakha indawo wenyikima - kwelikhulu kule planethi. On Kuriles ibekwe mlilo ezimalunga ne-100. Ngaphezu koko, 30 kubo esebenzayo: basoloko "ukubangela" kuLwandle Okhotsk.

Resources Shantar Islands - Navy Matywina. Apha kukho luxinzelelo mkhulu ezi zilwanyana. Kutshanje, Noko ke, ukulawula imveliso yabo, ukuze aphephe ukufa ngokuphelele.

zokupaka

Unxweme lungqamane kunye ichibi encinane, noxa a ubude enkulu. Bay kunye coves kummandla phantse namnye. Pool Sea Okhotsk yahlulwe nezitya ezintathu: Kuril, TINRO Deriugina kunye nokudakumba.

. Le gulfs inkulu: Sakhalin, Tugursky, Shelikhov, njl Kwakhona, kukho ezinye imilebe - amanxeba nzulu matheku ilizwe eyenza isitya yemilambo emikhulu. Phakathi kwazo kukho Penzhinskaya, Gizhiginskaya, Uda, Tauisk. Ngenxa matheku, kwanaleyo amanzi kwenzeka elwandle. Kwaye okwangoku, izazinzulu zibhekisela kulo mbuzo kakhulu yingxaki.

basala

Bona ziyinxalenye Okhotsk lweMeditera. Nguwo lo, ingumbandela obalulekileyo nje, edityaniswe ichibi kunye eLwandle Japan, kunye Pacific Ocean. Ukongeza, kukho ephantsi nzulu sezingxakini: La Perouse kunye Nevelsk. Abayi ukudlala indima ekhethekileyo, njengoko ezincinane ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa Krusenstern Strait kunye Bussol lubonakala indawo enkulu, kunye kangakanani eliphezulu ifikelela-500 eemitha. Ngeendlela ezininzi ukuba ulawule etyuwa kuLwandle Okhotsk.

Bottom neendawo ezingaselunxwemeni

Iinzulu zolwandle Okhotsk neodnoobrazny. Ngomhla inxalenye Sakhalin kunye nemisinga umele shallows bottom - sokongezelela inxalenye Asia belizwekazi. ububanzi bayo-100 km. Ezinye emazantsi (malunga nama-70%) zimelwe yi kwithambeka zwekazi. Kufuphi Kuril Islands, kufuphi ngayo. Iturup ukudangala abagulayo. Kweli nqanaba, uLwandle Okhotsk ufikelela ubunzulu kweemitha 2500. Emazantsi echibini na indawo isiqabu ntathu enkulu ezimbini kunye amagama kunokuba lokuqala: Rise of the Oceanology Institute kunye Academy of Sciences USSR.

Unxweme oLwandle Okhotsk ibhekisela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo geomorphological. Abaninzi kubo - kumathambeka aphezulu kunye exandekeni. Kuphela ummandla yasentshona eKamchatka yaye ngasempuma. Sakhalin amanga emathafeni. Ke umda osemantla lungqamane kakhulu.

exchange amanzi

Yezwe ukuqengqeleka encinane. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba zonke emifuleni kuLwandle Okhotsk, musa ayahlukanga indima angcono yaye kubalulekile ukudlala akakwazi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo umlambo. Cupid, oko alele kuyo ngaphezu kwesiqingatha itotali sesalathisi inkunkuma. Kukho nezinye imilambo emikhulu kakhulu. It okuzingela, Uda, ezinkulu, Penzhina.

Hydrology

Amanzi akufuneki emkhenkceni ngokupheleleyo, njengoko etyuwa kuLwandle Okhotsk liphezulu ngokwaneleyo. Ingaba 32-34 PPM. Oku kunciphisa kufutshane elunxwemeni, lafikelela kwinqanaba 30 ‰, kwaye umaleko esiPhakathi - 34 ‰.

Uninzi ummandla igutyungelwe adadayo ice ebusika. Amanzi eliphezulu lobushushu eliphantsi ngexesha ebandayo, isusela ukusuka izidanga 1 ukuya 2. Summer iinzulu zolwandle ukufudumala ku 10-18ºC.

An into umdla kukuba kubunzulu leemitha 100 lo maleko esiphakathi amanzi, iqondo ogama ayitshintshi kulo nyaka kwaye 1,7 ° C ngaphantsi zero.

Iimpawu sezulu

Ulwandle Okhotsk ise kwi ezinezinga ziingcathu. Oku kunempembelelo enkulu phezu mpumalanga, ngokubonelela imozulu elingenazo. Kwinxalenye ebandayo konyaka kuloo mmandla amanzi kumanyelwe Aleutian Low. It kakhulu echaphazela imimoya emantla, ebangela iziphango uqhwithela eyaqhubeka kuyo ebusika.

Kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, nezwekazi kufika imimoya buthathaka southeasterly. Enkosi kubo bazimisela kakhulu lobushushu. Kodwa kuza nabo iinkanyamba, leyo ke ngoko sibe neenkanyamba. Ubude kwenkanyamba onjalo phakathi iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwi-8.

I-Sea Okhotsk: Resources

Phezu kwabo kuya kuxutyushwa ngakumbi. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba imithombo yendalo kuLwandle Okhotsk ayikaqondwa ekhangelwe nkalwana zonke. Ezibaluleke kakhulu ulwandle koovimba yayo shelf hydrocarbon. Namhlanje evulekileyo 7 amasimi oyile e Sakhalin, ena, Magadan kunye iyavuma Krai iziko yezolawulo. Ukuphuhlisa ezi iidipozithi kwaqala 70s. Noko ke, ukongezelela ioli, ubutyebi engundoqo kuLwandle Okhotsk - enezityalo nezilwanyana. Bona luphawulwa azifani. Ngenxa yokuba kukho kakhulu kuphuhliswa okuloba. ELwandle Okhotsk zifumaneka iintlobo ezininzi zexabiso salmon. Xa Basezinzulwini isicatshulwa squid, kwaye ngobanjiso ngunonkala ichibi sele kwindawo yokuqala ehlabathini. Kutshanje, iimeko zemveliso abe ngqongqo kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi. Kwaye ezibekwe miqobo banjiso lungako ezinye iintlanzi.

Xa amanzi osemantla ulwandle kumiwa hi yezimvu, whales, seals. Ukuganga ezi abameli ihlabathi isilwanyana akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha yakutshanje, oko babawa ukuloba kuthandwa - ubambisa urchins ulwandle kunye molluscs. Enezityalo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo nezinto ezimdaka. Ukuthetha ngokusetyenziswa yaselwandle, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukubaluleka kwayo kweli candelo lezothutho. Oku kuqala. Apha zibekwe iindlela zorhwebo ulwandle ebalulekileyo ukuqhagamshela iidolophu ezinkulu Korsakov (Sakhalin), Magadan, Okhotsk kunye nabanye.

iingxaki zokusingqongileyo

Ulwandle Okhotsk, kwakunye namanye amanzi ezilwandle, kukho ukubandezeleka kwizinto ezenziwa ngabantu. Apha fixed iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ngohlobo eyayinethombo iimveliso zepetroliyam kunye noqhagamshelo igesi intsalela. Kwakhona inkunkuma kakhulu yingxaki amashishini mveliso kunye kamasipala.

Ezingcolisa ummandla wonxweme ukususela ekuqaleni uphuhliso yamasimi yokuqala kude nonxweme, kodwa ngaphambi kokuphela 80s abazange babe ubungakanani omkhulu kangaka. Ngoku anthropogenic umsebenzi ngabantu lifikelele ingongoma ebalulekileyo kwaye ifuna isisombululo ngokukhawuleza. Ukufumaneka ephezulu lwenkunkuma kunye nongcoliseko bagxila off Sakhalin. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu iidipozithi isityebi zeoli.