I-nervous tic: izizathu kunye nokunyanga kubantu abadala. Iintlobo zeengxube zeentambo

Ziziphi i- facial tic ? Le mizila ye- muscle engalawulwayo , izicatshulwa zomzimba zengqondo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isigulane sinama-eyelashes akhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, ukunyakaza okubukhali kwamehlo okanye ukuphoqa kwempumlo. Iziganeko ezifanayo zibizwa ngokuba yi-spasms. Nangona zivela ngokungazibandakanyi, oko kukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umnqweno okanye ukungathandi komntu, banokupheliswa ngethuba lemizamo.

Izifo neemeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zingabangela ingxaki efana ne-nervous tic. Iingxaki kunye nokunyanga kubantu abadala zibhekwa njengengqabile, njengoko ininzi yezilwanyana ifunyanwe kubantwana abaneengxaki ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki ze-neurological disorders. Nangona kunjalo, izigulane zabantu abadala zikhalaza ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza. Le nto ibonakala ibonakala kwindoda kunamantombazana nabasetyhini.

Uhlobo lwama-tics

Utywala uyazi inani leendlela ezihlukeneyo, ezahluke kakhulu kwizinto ezifunekayo, ukubonakaliswa kwekliniki kunye nobukhulu bemo. Ngobunzima kunye nokuphindaphinda kwama-muscle spasms, ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuxilonga ingxaki yesifo sokuqala segazi.

Iingxaki zeTeak ezifutshane

Uninzi lwamaxesha oogqirha abhekane nesimo esinjalo njengesifo se-nervous period. Iimbangela kunye nokunyanga kubantu abadala zibonakaliswa ngokuqhathaniswa nokuziqhathanisa - ezi nkxalabo kwiimeko ezininzi zihamba ngokwazo. Ukuhamba kwemisipha yokuzibandakanya ngexesha elifanayo lide ixesha elide kwaye linokuphindaphindiwe imihla ngemihla inyanga okanye ngaphezulu, kodwa ubude bexesha abudluli unyaka omnye.

Ikhakethi yale ntlobo ibonisa isifiso esingenakunqwenelekayo sokwenza ukunyakaza okuthile nokuba ushicilele isandi esithile. Ingabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukuqhaqhaqhafaza kwamehlo;
• Ukuvuvukala kwamakha;
• Ukuphakamisa i-Eyebrow;
• Ukuvula umlomo;
• Ukuchofoza ngolwimi;
• Ukucola umqala;
• Ukuqhawula.

Unyango, njengomgaqo, awunyanzelwanga.

Imoto engapheliyo

Le ngxaki ayifani ngokuqhelekileyo kuneengqungquthela zangasemva, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kune-Tourette's syndrome. Ukuseka ukuxilongwa "kwimizimba engapheliyo yokukhathazeka" (izizathu kunye nonyango kubantu abadala zixutyushwa apha ngezantsi), isiguli kufuneka sibe nesigxina se-spasms iminyaka emininzi, ngokuhlaselwa nganye kuphele ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu.

Ukuqhaqha ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-eyelashes, ukuphazamisa kunye nokugqithisa amehlo kuqhelekileyo. Ngokungafani namagqabantshintshana athile achazwe ngasentla, iipilisi ezingapheliyo zeemoto aziyeki nakwixesha lokulala.

Nangona abantwana bengasweleki unyango, izigulane zabantu abadala ziyacetyiswa ukuba zidibane neengcali - ingakumbi ukuba ubuso bubonakaliswe ngokungahambisani nakwii-grimaces okanye ziphazamise iliso. Utyando luya kuxhomekeka kubukhulu bemibonakalo yesifo.

Tourette's Syndrome

Nangona i-Tourette's syndrome ithathwa njengesifo somntwana, ngokuqhelekileyo ibonwa ngabantu abadala, ngakumbi ukuba umntwana unesifo esiyingozi kwaye akafumani unyango olufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ixesha eliphikisayo le-nervitis? Iimpawu ezivela kuloluhlu lulandelayo zivumela ukuba ubone i-Tourette's syndrome:

• Ngezandla;
• Ulwimi luphuma ngaphandle;
• Ukuxhathisa amahlombe;
• Ukuthintela iinxalenye ezisondeleyo zomzimba wakho;
• Ukuthetha ngamazwi;
• Imizimba ehlaseleyo.

Ukuseka ukuxilongwa "kwe-Tourette's syndrome," isigulane kufuneka siphumelele ngeengqungquthela zezwi kunye neengxaki zomzimba. I-Vocal tics iquka i-hiccups excessive, ukuhlambuluka rhoqo komqala kunye nokuthetha rhoqo kwiitoni eziphakamileyo (ukumemeza) ngenxa yesizathu esicacileyo. Abanye abantu bavame ukuphindaphinda amagama anxamnye nokuhlambalaza (okuhlambalazayo) okanye nawuphi na igama elinye okanye ibinzana.

Xa isigulane singumntwana, iindlela zokuziphatha kwengqondo yengqondo zihlala zanele ukunyanga uphawu olunjalo olungathandekiyo njengesifo se-nervous. Ubangela kunye nokunyanga kubantu abadala xa kuthelekiswa kakhulu, ngoko kwimiba enzima, oogqirha bahlala banika imithi.

Izizathu kunye nemingcipheko

Ingcinezelo yekethi yeyiphi na indidi yintlupheko yengqondo, enokumiselwa kuphela ngugqirha ofanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko ziyakwazi ukuvuselela "ukulala" kwezilwanyana kunye nokunyanzelisa ikhosi yezifo eziphambili. Ukongezelela, ukuchazwa kwimiba engozini kubangela ukwanda kwexesha kunye nobukhulu beengcali. Ezi zinto ziquka:

• Ukuxinezeleka;
• Umxhelo ogqithiseleyo;
• Ukukhathala;
• Ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
• Ukukhuthaza iziyobisi;
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokungahambi kakuhle kunye nokulahlekelwa kwengqalelo;
• I-dispersive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Diagnostics

Phakathi kweziphazamiso ezidwelisweyo, kulula ukuba ufumanise ukukhathazeka kweso. Izizathu kunye nonyango ziya kuxhomekeka kwi-pathology yokuqala, ngoko emva kokuxubusha impawu, ugqirha unokukuthumela kwi-psychologist ukuvavanya imeko yengqondo yakho.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphelisa ngokukhawuleza iimeko ezibangelwa zizifo zomzimba we-teak. Ugqirha uya kukucela ukuba uchaze ukuba ngaba ubona ezinye iimpawu zesifo ngaphambi kokuba ugqibe ukuqhuba iimvavanyo zokuxilonga. Unokudinga i-electroencephalogram (i-EEG), eya kulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo. Olu vavanyo lunceda ekufumaneni ukuhluthwa, okungabangela ingxaki njengento yokukhathazeka kweso.

Iingxaki kunye nokunyango zichazwe ngaphambili ngemiphumo ye-electromyography - uphando oluqhutyelwe ukufumanisa ukungaqhelekanga ekusebenziseni izihlunu okanye iintsholongwane. Ekubeni iqela limelela ngokusasazeka kwe-muscular kwimvelaphi ye-neurology, iziphumo ze-EMG zinokuchaphazela kakhulu indlela yokwenza unyango.

Indlela yokwahlula ikethi kwi-Lou Gehrig

• Isifo sikaLou Gehrig, esaziwa nangokuthi i- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, sisifo esiyintlekele, ngelixa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengcali, ezibandakanya ukungabonakali nje kwimizimba, kodwa kunye nemibonakalo ye-atypical efana nesifo somnwe .
• Izigulane ezine-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis zixhamla ngokusweleka kobuthakathaka, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo zivela kwimivalo ye-muscular involuntary. Kwikhakethi, imfuneko yokuqala yokunyanzelisa ingxaki, apho kwezinye iimeko kunokuhamba kunye nomoya ongapheliyo wokukhathala.
• Ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neentsholongwane zomzimba, isigulane sijonga iso. Unyango, njengomgaqo, awunayo impembelelo ebonakalayo, kuba uphawu oluqhelekileyo luphawu, kungekhona isifo, kunye ne-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis nje ayiphenduli unyango. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lwe-spasm kulezi zintlupheko luhluke kakhulu: i-motor injection evamile iqala kwicandelo elinye lobuso okanye umzimba kwaye ekugqibeleni liya kwelinye indawo, ngelixa i-ALS iqala kwindawo enye, ngokuhamba kwexesha, iyigqubuthela umzimba wonke.
• Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwexesha elide kunye nemigudu engapheliyo, iimpazamo ezingenakuzibandakanya zenzeke kwiimfucu zomzimba ezinempilo. Ngesi sifo sikaLou Gehrig, i-spasm ibangelwa i-necrosis encinci yemisipha. Lo mahluko unokuzibonela ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-electromyography, enika iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ngekiti elula kwaye ibonise ubukho bentsholongwane obukhulu kunye ne-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Unyango

I-Ordinary tics ayifuni unyango olukhethekileyo, kuba bayadlula ngokwabo kwaye abayizifo ezizimeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, isigulane esingumntu omdala sinokufuna unyango ukuba le disorder iphazamisa umsebenzi opheleleyo okanye ubomi obuqhelekileyo bentlalo.

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba unomdla weentloni, yintoni omele uyenze ukuyilahla? Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuphatha i-tics zi:

• Iinkqubo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo lweengqondo, ukuqeqeshwa ekulawuleni uxinzelelo;
• Psychotherapy;
• Unyango lo kuziphatha;
• Ukuthatha iziyobisi ezivimba i-dopamine;
• Ukuthabatha imishanguzo yokuphatha ingcinezelo ye-pathology, kubandakanywa nokuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuxhatshazwa kwengxaki kunye nokukhathazeka okunyanzelekileyo;
• Izilwanyana ze-botox ukudala umphumo wokukhubazeka okwethutyana kwimizimba yobuso.