I-Lake Poopo: inkcazo kunye nesithombe

I-Lake Poopo ngummangaliso wehlabathi lethu. Itholakala phezulu ezintabeni zaseMzantsi Melika, kwintsimi yeBolivia yanamhlanje. Ubungqina bodwa bobubungqina bokuba unobuncu, kwaye i-flora kunye nemfuyo yeli gumbi zizaliswe ngabemi abangalisayo. Kwakunjani ifomu elimangalisayo elwandle kwi-Andes? Ubonakala njani ngoku?

Education Popo

Xa iqela lokugqibela leqhwa liphela kwaye i-ice cream yaqala ukuyibilika, kwinxalenye yentaba yaseMzantsi Melika i-lake enkulu yolwandle, i-Ballivian, yakhiwa. Kancinci yomeka kwaye malunga ne-11 lamawaka edlulileyo yaqhekeka yaba ngamanzi amaninzi. Enkulu kunazo zonke, ezikhoyo kwaye ngoku zibizwa ngokuba yiTiticaca eyaziwayo, ukhangela abakhenkethi behlabathi lonke. Isibini sibini siyiPoopo Lake.

Emva kokuwa kwinqanaba lolwandle, i-reservoir yayishiywe ngaphandle koxhumano lwendalo kunye nolwandle lwehlabathi. Kwaba yinto engenamanzi, kwaye ukuzaliswa kwayo kuxhomekeke kuphela kumgangatho weempompo. Desaguadero - umlambo owodwa odibanisa amanzi asePoopo kunye nehlabathi langaphandle-ephuma kwiTiticaca enkulu kwaye iqhubela ePoopo.

Uphi ikhefu?

I-Popo ibonakala kwimaphu yaseMzantsi Melika. Ukulungelelaniswa kweendawo zendawo kule ndawo: 18 ° 46'55 "S. Ш., 67 ° 01'29 "з. I-Etc. Ubude obuphezulu ngaphezu kolwandle bubungama-3700 emitha. Njengamanye amanxweme eMzantsi Melika, iPopoli ibonisa ukwakheka okhethekileyo kwimihlaba, eyenziwe yendalo kwisayithi yolwandle lwangaphambili. Ukuphakama okukhawulezayo kwinqanaba le-Andean laphakamisa iPoopo ukuya ekuphakameni okungenakufumaneka - ngoko i-echibi liye lakhutshwa kwilizwe langaphandle.

Hydrology

Ukubunjwa kwamanzi kwisibonda kuyinto ekhethekileyo - umxholo wetyuwa ogqithisileyo ungenza ukuba ungasayi kusela okanye usetyenzise kwifama. Isisombululo sesityuli siyanqandwa ngexesha lokulala kwesomiso kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bomoya. Kodwa kwicandelo elenyakatho yamanzi kukhona indawo encinci ngamanzi amnandi-le yindawo apho uMlambo waseDouaguadero uhamba khona. Kulo lonke, inqanaba leetyuwa zengxube lishintsha phakathi "phezulu" kwaye "liphakamileyo".

Umxholo wetyuwa wesiqithi samanzi iyinto eguqukayo. Mhlawumbi kwindawo enye iya kuba phezulu kakhulu, kwenye - ayiyi kuhamba ngaphaya kwemigangatho eqhelekileyo. Ngokweziganeko, ezinyangeni ezimbini zentsholongwane (ngo-Oktobha-Novemba) umahluko phakathi koluhlu lweetyuwa phakathi kwendawo esenyakatho kunye nentshona yePoopo yayingu-300%.

Isibini sibalulekileyo esichaphazela isalathisi se-echibi selaku yiindawo ezikufuphi zeeminerali kunye ne-solonchaks ezisele emva kwechibi lasendulo laseBallivyan. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu, iinqununu ze-solonchak ziza kuhlamba ngokukhawuleza edwaleni, zenze isicombululo setyuwa kumanzi asePoopo aphezulu.

Iiflora kunye nezilwanyana

Emanzini echibi, iintlobo zeentlanzi ezikhethekileyo ziziphatha kakuhle: Mauri catfish, Ispy, Karache. Phakathi kwekhulu lemashumi mabini, ichthyologists iqalile inkqubo yokuzalisa i-atherin yase-Atlantic kunye ne-trout trout. Siyabulela kwimigudu yenzululwazi, ilitye laseBolivia iPoopo ngumthombo wokuloba abemi beedolophana kunye nemizana ecaleni: iintlanzi ezivela kuyo zibanjwe, zidliwe kwaye zithengiswa.

Enye into eyenza iPopo ikhangele ngakumbi kubakhenkethi. Unyaka ngamnye amawaka eentaka ezifudukayo afumana indawo yokuhlala yesikhashana kwiibhanki zalo mthombo. Ekuqaleni kwexesha, abahanjethi banokubona iintlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi amathathu zeentaka ezifudukayo kunye neentlobo ezili-12 zeentaka zendawo. I-Lake Poopo yindawo yokuhlala yedwa ye-Andean seagull, i-Bird's Bird, i- Andean condor, kunye nezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinokuthi zifakwe kwi-Red Data Book. Ukongeza, abakhenkethi banokuyonwabela imbonakalo ekhethekileyo yeeflamingos iLake Poopo. Iifoto zeentaka ezimangalisayo zihlala zihlobisa amaphepha amaxesha ngezidalwa.

Ihlabathi lezityalo limelelwa ngamagqabi ahlukahlukeneyo, izityalo, i-cacti. Inqabileyo enkulu yelizwe lasePapa ingabizwa ngeentlobo ezininzi zeepereyari, ezininzi zazo ngexesha leentyantyambo ezihle kakhulu.

Ibali elingaziwa

Kungekude nxweme lasePoopo, iibhloko zezitye eziqingqiweyo zibonakala ngokucacileyo. Umvelaphi wabo ngumsebenzi wezandla zomntu, kuba icala ngalinye lebhokisi lihamba kakuhle, kwaye ukuma kwelitye kukufuphi kakhulu ne-parallelepiped efanelekileyo. Iimpawu ezifanayo ezivela kwimvelaphi yokufakelwa kwakukho empuma yeLake Titicaca. Njengoko sisazi ukuba, uphando olunzulu lwezinto zakudala aluzange luqhutyelwe kule ndawo, ngoko ke ubunjani beempawu eziyimfihlakalo zihlala ziyimfihlelo.

Ngoku kumanxweme aseLake Poopo baphila abantu abaqhelekileyo, abaninzi babo abasebenza kwimigodi - kule ndawo zininzi zamaminerali. Kodwa umgangatho wobomi kule ndawo liphantsi kakhulu kunomyinge kwingingqi yaseLatin America. Inqanaba lolononophelo lomthetho kunye nezokwelapha linye yezona ziphantsi kakhulu kweli lizwe, kwaye ubude bomyinge obuphakathi kweminyaka eyi-58 kuphela. Kwaye akukhona nje ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima womzimba. Ukongeza kwimixholo yetyuwa ephakamileyo, iLake Poopo ixhamla ngexinaniso enkulu yezitye ezinzima - i-arsenic, i-zinc, i-cadmium ijika amanzi aselwandle ibe ngumxube oqhumayo, ukusuka kwityhefu apho abantu bafa ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle kwamanzi amanzi angenayo ayinakunceda - ngexesha lesomiso, iimbini zamachibi kunye nomoya ungena emiphakeni yabantu abahlala apha. Izinyithi ezinamandla zihlala emzimbeni, ezibangela ukufa ngokukhawuleza. Ubuthi obunobuthi buwela ngaphakathi esiswini: intlanzi ehlala echibini imane ixutywe ngeensimbi ezinzima. Ngoko ke, akukho mntu ukhawuleza ukuhlala kule ndawo.

Ukucwina kwelabi

Ekuqaleni kowe-2016, izazinzulu zesebe laseYurophu zenze i-alamu - iLwandle iPoopo yanyuka, yanyamalala kwimephu yehlabathi. Uhlalutyo lwezinkulungwane zeemifanekiso ezithathwe kwi-satellites, ziqinisekisile ukuxilongwa okudabukisayo-kwixesha elizayo ikhefu eliyingqayizivele iPoopo lingase lipheleke ebusweni bomhlaba. Ummandla wommandla wamanzi uye wehla ngokuphindwe kabini - ukusuka kumakhulu amathathu eekhilomitha ezili-square ngokwemigqaliselo ngo-2014 ukuya kwizikwere ezingamashumi amathathu-ngo-Januwari 2016. Inzululwazi ye-ESA inxulumene nenhlekelele enjalo kunye neengxaki zendalo yendalo. Ukubuyiselwa kwechibi, ngokwezenzululwazi, kuya kuthatha iminyaka engamashumi amabini. Kwaye oku kukuthi ukuba isomiso ngeli xesha alifiki kwaye angeke likhuphe ukukhula kwamanzi. Ingaba iziganeko ezinjalo ziza kuboniswa ngexesha.