I-Kizhi i-museum-igcina. Uphi, isithombe

Umhlaba waseRashiya ucebile kwizikhumbuzo ezizodwa zembali kunye nezokwakha. Kodwa, mhlawumbi, indawo ekhethekileyo ihlala kwisiqithi esimangalisayo, esiseNtliziyweni yaseRashiya. Indawo yokulondolozwa kwembali yaseRussia "i-Kizhi" yinkampani enkulu evulekile. Isiko salo sidibaniso sezakhiwo, esihlobisa i- Kizhi Pogost.

Uphi umyuziyam we-Kizhi?

Lo mbuzo mhlawumbi unomdla kubalandeli bezakhiwo zamandulo zamatye. Iimbali zendalo kunye nezobugcisa ezigcinwe kuyo-"Kizhi" zifumaneka kwisiqithi esifanayo kwiikhilomitha ezingamashumi asixhenxe ukusuka ePetrozavodsk - inkulu yaseKarelia. Ngomnye weminyuziyamu emikhulu evulekileyo ezweni lethu. Ummandla wayo ungaphezu kwamahektare ayi-10. E-Karelia, le ngenye yezona ndawo zihanjelwe kuzo. Kunyaka ngamnye kukho iikhilomitha ezilikhulu elinesibhozo amawaka aseRussia nabangaphandle.

Ubume

Yiza kule ndawo ekhethekileyo kunye nabathandi bemvelo. Isiqithi siye sazibuza ukuba sasilondoloze iindawo eziphilayo ezingaqhelekanga, apho ininzi yeentlobo zeentaka ezingabonakaliyo zihlala khona. Namhlanje, kwindlela ephakamileyo yendalo ephuhlisiwe apha, ubude bokuba ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezintathu. Kukho imihlaba emininzi kwintsimi yayo, apho ungammangalisa indlela emangalisayo kaKarelia. Ngexesha lokutyelela, abahenketwe bangahlola iimpawu zeqhwala, eza apha kule minyaka elineshumi elinanye elinesibhozo edlulileyo, zibone indawo zokuhlalisa iintaka zeentaka, zithande ubuhle obuphambili bendalo enyakatho.

Imyuziyam yoLondolozo lweMihlaba "Kizhi"

Siqinisekile ukuba abantu abangazange bafike ku-Karelia baya kumangaliswa ubuhle kunye nokuqala kwezi ndawo. Kodwa okokuqala, masicacise ukuba yeyiphi ikhefu lemyuziyam ye-Kizhi ekhoyo. I-Onega yowesibini ekulu eYurophu ngokwezikhulu, okwesibini kuphela kuLadoga. Kukho iziqithi ezincinci ezili-1300 apha, kodwa phakathi kwazo isiqithi saseKihi ihlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo. Kukho isakhiwo kuso. I-Kizhi iyimyuziyam eyakhelwa ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini neyesigamu. Ngokugxininiswa kwezinto zamagugu ezembali, yintsimi ekhethekileyo engenanto efanayo kumntla waseYurophu welizwe lethu.

Ukuqokelela izikhumbuzo zakhiwo zokwakha eziqokelelwa apha zizonke izakhiwo ezingama-76. Iqukethe izikhumbuzo ezingama-82: kwiSiqithi sase-Kizhi kunama-68, kwiindawo ezikufutshane-8, e-Petrozavodsk - 6. Ukudala i-world-famous now-museum-igcina "iKihi", umfanekiso onokubonwa kuzo zonke iincwadana zentengiso zeevenkile ezinkulu zokuhamba, zaqala ngo-1966 Ukusuka kwiCawa yaseKizhi. Ngendlela, useluhlu lwe-UNESCO namhlanje. Ngexesha elide, imiboniso ebalulekileyo yabonakala kwintsimi yenkxalabo, eyayiqokelelwa kwiidolophana zaseCarelia.

Iinkalo zemyuziyam

Zonke izakhiwo zokhuni zaseRashiya kumaxesha amandulo zakhiwe ngoncedo lwe sixhobo esisodwa kuphela - i-ax. Nangona kunjalo, ukuya kutsho, kufuneka ukuba kuqaphele ukuba akukho zakhiwo ezinjalo, kuba ngexesha lokubuyiselwa kwamakhosi basebenzisa izipikili kunye nezinye izixhobo zokwakha.

Enyanisweni, isiqithi sonke siyimyuziyam. Izikhumbuzo zezakhiwo zokwakha iimyuziyam yaseKizhi ziyahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu ahlukeneyo. Abatyeleli bavakatye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunabanye. Izikhumbuzo ezimangalisayo zifumaneka kwiidolophini zembali kunye nasenyakatho kwesi siqithi. I-Kizhi (iimyuziyam) ihlawula ngokukhethekileyo umsebenzi wemfundo nemfundo. Kwintsimi yinkathazo kukho iholo lokufundisa apho unokufunda izinto ezininzi ezithakazelisayo kwimbali yesakhiwo.

IBandla loTshintsho

Le nto ibonwa kuqala ngabakhenkethi besiqithi saseKizhi. Iimyuziyamu (okanye kunoko, abasebenzi bayo) baziqhenyce kakhulu ngesakhiwo esiqingqiweyo seengodo - iBandla lokuguqulwa kweNkosi. Isakhiwo esimangalisayo sisakhelo (octagonal) kunye neelite ezine. Ngamnye wabo uhambelana ngqo nehlabathi. Kwilogi elisezantsi, kukho ezimbini, ezincinci ubuncinane.

Icawa yoTshintsho yimibukiso eyaziwayo kakhulu. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuba zakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16 leminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, umlilo ogqithiseleyo wawuphantse ukuwutshabalalisa. Isakhiwo esihle kakhulu esinokubona namhlanje sakhiwe ngo-1714. Ubude bayo buyi 37 mitha. Icawa inqwelwe yizahluko ezingama-22 zefomu yangaphambili, ezinika isakhiwo ukubonakala kwefayile.

Into ebalulekileyo yecala lecawa yi-iconostasis (ezine-tiered), equkethe icons 102.

I-Intercession Church

Enye icawa eyaziwayo enokubonwa kuzo zonke iifoto zemyuziyam "Kizhi". Le yiCawa yoMthendeleko weNtombi. Yakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, kodwa emva kwexesha (1764) yavuselelwa kwakhona. Inxalenye ephambili yesakhiwo yimilo yesigxina se-octagonal. Uphahla lwayo luhlotshiswe ngezindlu ezisithoba. I-iconostasis yecawa yabuyiselwa ngexesha lokubuyiselwa - kwii-50 zekhulu lokugqibela, njengoko ezinye zeempawu zasekuqaleni zalahleka.

I-Intercession Church iyahambelana ngokuklanywa kwe-Preobrazhenskaya, ehambelana nombono wayo wangaphambili we-panorama yesiqithi. Kwidonga apho kukho ipara ephezulu, efana neyonto ephezulu yaseRashiya. Ukusuka apha ungaya kwisakhiwo setempile. KwiCawa loMthendeleko unokutyelela inkonzo, phulaphula iingoma ezimangalisayo zala ma-monks uze uvale i-chime ye-bells. Umdla okhethekileyo awukho nje ukhenketho, kodwa neengcali zibangele iimpawu. Eyona nto ibhaliwe ngabantu bendawo. Iikhopolasti zeecawa ezihle kakhulu zibucayi. Ngamnye wabo unamalungu amancinci - amacembe, anqunywe ngesandla esuka kwipayini.

Icawa yovuko lukaLazaro

I-Museum-Reserve "Kizhi" (umfanekiso onokubona ngezantsi) inommandla wayo kunye nezakhiwo ezithobekileyo kunokuba, umzekelo, itempile yoTshintsho. Kwidilesi yaseKizhi kukho ibandla elidala eliqhelekileyo lovuko lukaLazaro. Isakhiwo esincinane sifanekisela indlela eyakhiwe ngayo i-iconic yaseRussia ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo yokwakha izakhiwo ezivela kwii-17 neye-18.

Izazinzulu-izazi-mlando zihlolisisa imeko yeemithi kunye neenkcukacha zesakhiwo. Bafika kwisigqibo sokuba isakhiwo sabuyela kwi-16 leminyaka. Olu lwakhiwo olulula ngokulula lwe-cage type. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zinesakhelo esinezibonda ezine: okubizwa ngokuba yindawo yokuhlala kunye nophahla lwesigodlo, esenza ukuba sisondele kwinqanaba lezakhiwo eziselwandle - ukusuka ekuhlambeni kunye nakumgcini kwindlu. Ngowe-1961 isicatshulwa savuselelwa ngokweprojekthi yombumbi A. V. Opolovnikov. Imilinganiselo eyenziwe yi-Academician LV Dahl yayifundwa ngokubanzi kwaye isetyenziswe ukususela ngo-1876. Oku kwavumela ukubuyisela ibandla ngokuchaneka okukhulu.

Ezinye izakhiwo

I-Kizhi iyimyuziyam enommandla apho izindlu ezingaphezu kwama-20 ezithunyiswayo zithunyelwa, izakhiwo eziliqela, izakhiwo zasefama: izibhengezo, iibhagi, izigulane. I-interiors yezindlu zixhotywe ngezixhobo, izinto, ifenitshala, ezazisetyenziswa kwixesha elidlulileyo. Iimpawu ezingaphezu kwamahlanu, ezigcinwe apha, zibonisa ubungqina besithethe esisezantsi esicwecwe.

Ukuqokelela okubalulekileyo

Imyuziyam yase-Kizhi ayigcinwanga nje ngeempawu zokwakha izakhiwo, kodwa i-collections stock stock. Le ngqokelela yezifundo ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-ethnography, iincwadi ezibhalwe ngesandla kunye neenkcukacha ezindala, iimifanekiso, imifanekiso kunye nemidwebo. Uhlobo lweemali luvumela i-museum ukuba ibe nomboniso omkhulu kunye nemiboniso yesikhashana.

IiNgxowa zihlulwe ngamasebe athile:

1. Imifanekiso yobuOthodoki. Oku kukuqokelelwa kweempawu ezigcinwe kwiitelesi kunye neetempileni, imifanekiso ehlobisa "iibona ezibomvu" ezindlwini zabasimili.
2. Indawo yokuhlobisa kunye nesicelo. Kukho iqoqo ecebileyo yokuluka, ukudweba, ukujikibala, izixhobo zemithi.
3. Amaxwebhu okugcina. Apha ungabona imidwebo yomakhi, u-Opolovnikov, owenza umsebenzi wokubuyisela.

Kwiimali zeli lemyuziyam, iikhodi zeposi zokudala, ezidibeneyo yi-Kizhi themes, zigcinwe. Ingxenye eyahlukileyo, engekho ngaphantsi kwengxowa-mali iifoto zabahlali bendawo abenziwe ngaphambi kowe-1940.

Umsebenzi wokubuyisela

Ukususela ngo-1980, kwintsimi yenkqantosi eyingqungquthela phantsi kokuqwalaselwa kwe-UNESCO, umsebenzi wokubuyisela uyaqhubeka. Ngaphambi kokuba iingcali zazikho umbuzo: "Isakhiwo sokhuni saphila njani, sinyelwa yimvula kwaye sivuthelwa yimimoya esenyakatho ukususela ngo-1714?". Kulo lonke ihlabathi, ukukhangela ubuchwepheshe bokusingatha nokugcina ukhuni ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zamakhemikhali. Ngelishwa, akukho nto efana nale itholakala kwihlabathi. Ngoko ke, ababuyiselwayo babefanele baphenduke kumava owenza le mi sebenzi yobugcisa. Namhlanje abazukulu basemntla wezakhiwo zakhiwo basebenza apha, abachweli kunye nabakhi beemithi akukho kwisizukulwana esifanayo.

Ukungafani kwemisebenzi kudibaniswe nelokuba imithi yemipeni, apho iicawa zakhiwe khona, zachithwa ebusika kwiqhwala ezinzima kwaye ziphela ngeexeshi. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kulolu hlobo, ulondolozo lwendalo lwe-resin lwenzeka. Oku kwavumela ukuba inkuni ihlale idlulileyo iinkulungwane. Iimithi ezinjalo zathatha iminyaka eyisibhozo, emva koko zange zisetyenziswe ekwakhiweni.

Kukho uluvo lokuba ixesha lokusukela nge-14 ukuya kwele-18 leminyaka laba "lixesha leqabileyo" kule ndawo. Kwaye ngo-1714 yaba yintlanzi yokubanda, ngoko ke izihlahla zomthi zinokuxakeka okukhulu kweendandatho.

Imodi yokusebenza

Imyuziyam yase-Kizhi ingahanjelwa naliphi na ixesha lonyaka. Ebusika, iindwendwe ziyakwamkelwa ukusuka ku-10.00 ukuya ku-16.00, ehlobo-ukusuka ngo-8.00 ukuya ku-20.00. Isiqithi sinokufikelela kwi-capital ka Karelia, i-Petrozavodsk nanini na. Indlela yesibini ingaqaliswa kwidolophana yaseVelikaya Guba (iMedvezhyegorsk yesithili). Ukutyelela kwesi siqithi kudla ngokubandakanya kwinkqubo yeentendo ezishiya eSt. Petersburg.

Ngexesha lokuhamba ukusuka kwisikhululo samanzi sasePetrozavodsk, iindiza eziqhelekileyo zithunyelwa. Uhambo luthatha iyure enye kunye nemizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu. Ukusuka eLuper Great uthabatha izithuthi ezizimeleyo kwisiqithi. Abadlali bezemidlalo ezigqithiseleyo ebusika bangafika apha kwi-skis okanye kwi-dog sleds. Ehlotyeni, abakhenkethi banokuthuthwa nge-helicopter. Akukho ihotele kwi siqithi. Kwaye kummelwane kunethuba leentsuku ezimbalwa zokuhlala kwiindwendwe. Unokubhala ngaphambili.

Iingcebiso kubavakashi

Wonke umntu ofuna ukubona ubunzima be-Kizhi ekhethekileyo - i-museum - kufuneka azi ukuba kuyimfuneko ukulandela imithetho ethile. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwesikhumbuzo kwenziwa kunye nomqeshwa weSebe lohambo. Okwesibini, akuvunyelwe ukutyelela iminyuziyamu enezilwanyana ezifuywayo. Okwesithathu, ukupaka izithuthi kunokuxhotyiswa kwiindawo ezibonelelwe zona. Kwaye ukupaka kwanoma yikuphi ukuthutha kulungelelaniswa nolawulo.