Uphi u Stonehenge? Imbali kunye nemfihlelo yamatye asendulo

I-Stonehenge iyimfihlelo enkulu yamatye entliziyweni yaseYurophu. Uphi u Stonehenge? Nabani na umntu onokuphendula lo mbuzo, kuba phantse bonke abantu bayazi ngalo.

Ulwazi olukhoyo malunga ne-megalith (malunga nomvelaphi kunye nokutyunjwa kwalo) alinakunika impendulo kumbuzo wendlela abantu abaneminyaka engama-4 edlulileyo abayilwa ngayo nokwakha isakhiwo esinjalo. Indawo yokugcina indawo, indawo yokuhlaselwa kwezilwanyana zasemhlabeni, i-portal kwelinye ihlabathi okanye ingcwaba lobuhedeni - konke oku ku-Stonehenge (eNgilani). Kwiminyaka emininzi iingcinga ezilungileyo zoluntu ziye zalwa nesisombululo sazo. Kwaye ininzi engaziwayo ....

I-Stonehenge ibizwa nangokuthi i-cromlech - le yinto enkulu kunazo zonke zamatye ajikelezileyo ahlanganiswe kwisangqa. Bangakwazi ukwenza iindidi enye okanye ngaphezulu.

Uphi u Stonehenge

Esi sakhiwo sisentsimini esekhilomitha ezili-13 ukusuka kwidolophana encinane yaseSalisbury. "Ucingo lwamatye" - ngoko igama lihunyushwa ngokuthi i-Stonehenge. ILondon iikhilomitha ezili-130 ukuya ngasentshonalanga. Insimu yeso sithili sokuphatha saseWiltshire. Iqukethe isangqa esiphezulu apho kukho indawo emngcwabeni emincinane engama-56 "Aubrey holes" (ebizwa ngokuba ngumphandi wekhulu le-17). Ingqungquthela eyaziwayo kakhulu kukuba bayakwazi ukubalwa kwenyanga. Kamva, baqala ukumba emanzini asetshiselwe abantu. EYurophu, umthi uhlala unxulumene nobomi, kunye nelitye - ngokufa.

Isakhiwo se-Stonehenge

Phakathi kwinqanaba elibizwa ngokuba yi-altare (itoni yeetoni ezintandathu). Ngasenyakatho-mpuma-ityhidi yamamitha asixhenxe. Kukho i-block block, ebizwa ngokuba ngumbala we-oxides esebenzayo. Amakhonkco amabini alandelayo anemiqobo ebanzi yembala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (sandstone sandstone). Ugqiba ukwakhiwa kwekhalenda yeesetyhula eneeplati ezingaphezulu.

Ngokubanzi, isakhiwo sinezi:

- i-megalithi engama-tani ayi-5;

- iibhloko ezingama-30, nganye yeetoni ezingama-25;

- ama-trilith ama-5 weetoni ezingama-50 nganye.

Bonke bafakela iinqonga kunye neyona nto ibonakalisiweyo yamacala omhlaba. IBritish yakudala ayizange ibize ngokungekho ndawo le ndawo "Umdaniso weVelikan".

Stonehenge Stone

Amatye, asetyenziswe kwi-megalith, enemvelaphi eyahlukileyo. Izakhiwo zamatye (i-trilith okanye i-megaliths) kunye namatye amancinci (amadodahirs) aquka i-sandarstone kunye ne-limestone. Kukho i-volcanic lava, i-tuff ne-dolerite. Icandelo leebhloko lingayifumana kwisayithi, eliseekhilomitha ezingama-210. Baya kunikelwa bobabini ngomhlaba (kwii-skating rinks) kunye namanzi. Ngethuba lethu, kwenziwa uvavanyo, olubonisa ukuba iqela labantu abangama-24 lingashenxisa ilitye elilingana netoni enye kwisantya sekhilomitha ngosuku. Ubunzima beebhloko ezinkulu zifikelela kwiitoni ezingama-50. Injalo ibakhi bezakhiwo zamandulo zazingathatha iminyaka emininzi.

Amatye aqhutywe kwiinqanaba eziliqela. Ngeendlela zokucwangcisa kunye nendlela yokwenza umlilo kunye namanzi, iibhloko eziyimfuneko zazilungiselelwe ukuthutha. Kwaye sele sele isayithi isenziwa ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokucubungula.

Stonehenge - imbali kunye neengcamango zangaphambili

Ngokomxholo, i-megalith iboniswe ngumbonge kuMallin, umqeqeshi weKumkani Arthur. Wahambisa ezinye iibhloko zamatye e-South Wales, apho ixesha elide kwakukho iqoqo lemithombo yamanzi. Enyanisweni, indlela eya kwindawo apho i-Stonehenge ikhona khona, yayinzima kakhulu. Iikheji eziseduze kunye nedwala zide kakhulu, kwaye omnye unokucinga ukuba i-titanic imizamo yenzelwe njani ukuhamba ngokulula. Into eyona nto yayikukuhlangula ulwandle, kwaye ukusuka apho iikhilomitha ezingama-80 zihamba ngaphaya.

Ilitye elikhulu leTyelule laveza elinye ibali - malunga nomonki efihlakele kumtyholi kwiindawo zamatye. Ngenxa yokuba akazange akwazi ukuphunyuka, uMtyholi wamphonsa ilitye kuye waza waqothula isithende sakhe.

Yonke le mibhalo yaseBrithani yamandulo , apho i- Stonehenge ikhona khona , mhlawumbi ayinakuyenza inyaniso. Uphando olunzulu oluneenkcukacha zibonisa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwimiqathango emithathu ukusuka ngo-2300 ukuya ku-1900 BC. Yasebenza kwindawo engama-2,5 eyiminyaka kwaye yashiywa malunga ne-1100 BC. Kwaye iimpawu zembali yaseBrithani zazihlala kamva.

Ngubani owakha i-Stonehenge

Iintlanga zithi zakha le megalith, eninzi, ukusuka kumaRoma asendulo ukuya eSwitzerland okanye kumaJamani. Kuze kube ngoku, kwakukholelwa ukuba yakhiwe kwikhilomitha yesibini ye-BC njengeyolondolozo lwangaphambili. Izazi zeenkwenkwezi eziziwayo uHoyle wafumanisa ukuba ixesha eliqhelekileyo leenyanga kunye nobude bomnyaka welanga, abadali bexesha elidala babesazi.

Ngo-1998, iikhompyutheni zeekhompyutheni zaza kunceda izazi zeenkwenkwezi . Ngoxa uncedo lwakhe lwafika kwisigqibo sokuba oku akusiyo kuphela ikhalenda yenyanga kunye nelanga, kodwa kunye nomzekelo wesistim somhlaba kwi-cross-section. Kwaye iiplanethi akufanele zibe ngu-9, njengoko ziyaziwayo ngethuba, kodwa 12. Mhlawumbi kwixesha elizayo sisalindele ukufumanisa okuhlobene nokubunjwa kwenkqubo yezilanga.

Umlando-mlando waseNgesi uBrowns, oye wafunda i-Stonehenge iminyaka emininzi, uye wabonisa ukuba uyincinci yendlela yokuhamba.

Ukongeza kwi-astronomical function, i-Stonehenge nayo isetyenziswe njengesakhiwo sesithethe. Oku kubonakaliswa kwinani elikhulu lokungcwaba kunye nezinye iindawo ezihlala kuyo. Kwaye abanye abaphandi banikela ingcamango engcwabeni lenkosikazi yobuhedeni uBoucca. Eli bhinqa elingenesibindi alifuni ukuzinikela kumaRoma kwaye bakhetha ukuthatha inetyhefu. Nangona ukungcwaba kwabantu base-Stonehenge kwakungekho. Kulo lonke ixesha lafunyanwa linye linye le-archer edibaneni, ngomnyaka we-7 BC.

Eli lizwe lihlala lithathwa njengingcwele, kuba ngamaxesha onke abavakhenkethi kunye nama-Aborigines bazama ukwahlula baze bathathe inxaxheba njengentetho. Kwiminyaka eyikhulu edlulileyo, abahlali bendawo bafumana uhlobo lwezorhwebo-zokuqasha izando zokuthabatha ingqungquthela yeememori okanye bawagodle igama labo kwiqonga. Ngoku umhenketho akanakukuthintela i-megalith ngesandla sakhe, iingoma ze-asphalt zibekwa ngokukodwa kumgama ukusuka kwibloko.

INgcweliso yeeDruids

Kukho ingcamango yokuba le ndawo yindawo yamandla e-druids (kwinqanaba leendlela zamandla), ebenza bakwazi ukuqhuba imigangatho enzulu kakhulu ebumbene kunye nemikhosi yemvelo. Ukuqhelaniswa kweso sikhumbuzo kwi-solstice enye ingxabano kule nto. Ekubeni esi sizwe esizimeleyo asizange sishiye ubungqina obubhaliweyo, ukutyunjwa kuka-Stonehenge kwahlala kuyimfihlakalo enkulu.

I-druids entsha ibona ukuba yindawo yokuhamba kwabo, kunye nabameli bezinye iintlobo zobuhedeni ezifana nokutyelela kule ndawo. Ngeentsuku zasebusika kunye ne- summer solstice, izihlwele ezininzi zaseDruid zihlangana nobuthixo bazo. Imibala yelanga efikelele kwi-zenith iyawa ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwamatye angama-trilith amakhulu, kwaye, kunye nemisebe yelanga, abantu bafumana ukuphefumlelwa. Kwaye kwenzeka ukuba ijikeleze imozulu, kwaye ngaphakathi kwelanga kukhanya.

Ubukhulu be-Stonehenge

Olunye uhlobo lwe-Stonehenge luzinzo lwaso lobunzulu bokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngethuba lokwakha, kwakusetyenziswe ama-slabs akhethekileyo, okucima kunye nokunciphisa intshutshiso. Ngexesha elifanayo, akukho phantse-phantsi komhlaba, okungenakupheka ekwakhiweni kwanamhlanje.

Enye into ngokuqinisekileyo: kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngubani oomakhi abangabonakaliyo, babe nolwazi olunzulu kwimathematika, geology, kwi-astronomy kunye neyakhiwo. Yaye ukuba ucinga ukuba izakhiwo ezinjalo zakhiwe kwaye zijikeleze ihlabathi (iipiramidi zaseYiputa kunye nenkcubeko yamaMaya), ngoko umntu unokukwazi ukusho ngokuphepha ukuba abantu banamhlanje abazi kakhulu malunga nexesha labo elidlulileyo. Ngokwezibalo, ukuba namhlanje i-Stonehenge yokwakha ngokutsha ngezixhobo zeso sihlandlo, kuya kuthatha iiyure ezingama-2 zabantu. Kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamatye kuya kufuna izigidi ezingama-20. Yisizathu sokuba abantu basebenze kuyo ixesha elininzi, ngokwenene bafanele baxabiseke kakhulu.

Ndingafika njani? Stonehenge ebalazweni

Kwizithuthi zabasemagunyeni abazimeleyo bafika endleleni ye-A303 kunye ne-M3, ekhokelela ku-Amesbury. E-Waterloo ukusuka kwisitishi esinezixhobo ezihamba kakuhle ziya eSalisbury naseAndover, kwaye ukusuka apho unokufumana ngebhasi.

ELondon, ungathenga ityelelo leqela lemihla-enye, sele sele iquka ithikithi lokungena. Ukusuka eSalisbury, kukho ibhasi elifanayo elithatha abavakhenkethi kwisikhululo sesitimela. Ithikithi ingasetyenziselwa yonke imihla, kwaye iibhasi zithunyelwa ngeyure nganye.

Indlela yokufikelela kwiziko le-Stonehenge, ngokugqithisela izibambiso?

Ngokwemigaqo, akuvumelekile ukuba uhambe kufuphi kwaye uhambe ngaphakathi kwe-Stonehenge (abakhenkethi abakwazi ukusondela ngakumbi kuneemitha ezili-15), kodwa abanye abatyeleli benkonzo bayenza isibonelelo baze bavumele ukuhamba, kodwa kusasa kusasa okanye ngokuhlwa. Kula maqela, ngokuqhelekileyo inani elincinane labathathi-nxaxheba, ngoko kuyinqweneleka ukubhala ukugcinwa kwangaphambili. Imozulu kufuneka ibe yinto enhle. Isikhumbuzo sembali-mlando sigcinwe ngokucophelela ukuze sigweme umonakalo emhlabathini, ngoko awuyi kukwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwe-Stonehenge kwimeko yemvula.

Esi sakhiwo asilona nto siquka kwiLifa leLifa leMveli le-UNESCO. Omnye usibona njengesilumko samatye esilondolozwe kakuhle, kwaye umntu ophupha ngokumthinta kunye nobomi bakhe bonke ufuna. Nangona kunjalo, imfihlelo eyimfihlelo ye-Stonehenge ihlala ikhona, kwaye oku kukho ukunyaniseka kwimbono yezizathu zomntu kunye nokunyamezela okwenza ukuba kwenzeke lo mqondiso.