I-hip joint: replacement inyonga, nokufunyanwa olunye

Amalunga ukuba buhlungu nokusilela ukuhamba usisikhubekiso ekwenzeni imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, yenza kube nzima ukuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Nzima, ingakumbi xa usindwa joint hip. arthroplasty kunceda ukubuyisela umsebenzi ezilahlekileyo omzimba, njengoko kudla ndlela kuphela isigulane. Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba lo msebenzi ngaphezu kwama-300 amawaka abantu ngonyaka.

Uphawu lokuqala kunye engundoqo sifo joint ubuhlungu. Ekuqaleni, lo ubuhlungu kwelona ephantsi, kodwa kwixesha elizayo, kunye ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo, iintlungu namandla, abe namaqabane rhoqo woMntu.

Okulandelayo iza ekujikeni kwekhono lo mlenze achaphazelekayo. Isifo has ukuthambekela ukuqhubela phambili, nto leyo maxa wambi ukugqibezela immobilization. izigulane Ezo unyango endala ayikho nako ukunceda ukuhlangula ephangweni abachaphazelekayo.

arthroplasty Hip kungoku enye yeendlela ezininzi mihla unonophelo zoqhaqho kwizigulane kunye izitshanguba namalungu. Ngexesha msebenzi inyama enesifo ukuvela kwi hip ezimbaxa yatshintsha ukuya amazinyo ngumntu.

Isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza namalungu hip

Ilunga hip yenye ithambo likhulu amalungu emzimbeni womntu. Uvavanyo ukulayisha kubo phezulu kakhulu kwinkqubo ubomi bomntu, njengoko isebenza ukudibanisa imilenze ezisezantsi isinqe.

Ukwakhiwa hip:

• intloko femoral - ekupheleni eliphezulu yifemur ukanti imilo ukulenza;
• acetabulum - ifanele-ezimile lekhefu ye isinqe, nto leyo intloko fixed femoral;
• intlala joint - Yinyama unalo igrisi ijeli-enjalo lula nentshukumo yamalungu articular joint;
• lwamalunga (intra) ulwelo - ubunzima okhethekileyo guquki gelatinous, leyo uyayondla lo intlala kwaye inceda ukunciphisa iimpikiswano zochuku imiphezulu articular;
• philisi ngokuhlangeneyo kunye nemisipha - kwizicwili ukuba ukhonza ukugcinwa imiphezulu articular nokuqinisekisa uzinzo welungu.

Izihlunu kunye imisipha iqhotyoshelwe kule ndawo womlenze, izishunqulelo yayo ukuvumela intshukumo kuyo. Xa imeko esempilweni welungu hip yeselula kakhulu, ukuba akwazi ukuhamba nangayiphi moya kunye nolwalathiso. Alwa kunye nemisebenzi software ukuhamba kunye nenkxaso.

Kutheni kufuneka athile omzimba?

Ugqirha wabeka isigulana phambi kokuba umbuzo yayo afakelweyo hip replacement kufuneka izizathu ezilungileyo. Operation lityunjiwe, ukuba usuleleko lufika isiphambuka lifikelele ngokomkhamo wokuba umntu usoloko uziva ubuhlungu obukhulu, okanye umlenze ochaphazelekayo akanako ukwenza nkqu iintshukumo ezininzi ezingundoqo. Kwezi meko, xa usindwa joint womlenze, hip replacement sinokuba phandle indlela.

Phakathi izifo ezinokubangela izifo joint efuna utyando zezi:

• osteoarthritis deformans ingathityazwa kwimeko-2 no-3, nobungozi besi sifo;
• osteoarthritis deformans degrees 3 ngexesha deformation omnye namalungu;
• hip ankylosis joint esathi isifo samathambo, yaye ngenxa ankylosing spondylitis;
• necrosis aseptic yentloko femoral ngenxa yokwenzakala kunye ukuphazamiseka kwegazi;
• ukwenzakala intloko entanyeni yifemur ngohlobo ngokwaphulwa kwi abadala;
• ukudumba kwindawo amaqatha abadinga unyango ngotyando.

replacement Hip kufanelekile kuphela kwimeko ngelahleko lilonke ithuba umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nabahambi. Isigqibo sokugqibela kuthathwe kwi ngokusebenza, kuthathelwe ingqalelo yonke imibandela.

Izimo ngokwenza utyando

Kukho iimeko xa nabantu abo bantu bafunwa kakhulu ukuba indawo womlenze, abakwazi ukuya kutyando ngenxa Izimo.

Izithintelo ziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• iimeko apho akayi kuba umguli ekwaziyo intshukumo ozimeleyo, nkqu kwimeko ukwenza ukusebenza;
• izifo ezingapheliyo dekompensatsionnoy inyathelo (ukusilela intliziyo, isifo cerebrovascular, ukusilela hepatic) iingxaki xa umsebenzi iyenze ekwaziyo ekhoyo;
• isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo ebangela ukusilela bokuphefumla komoya (emphysema, isifuba);
• ukudumba Various ithambo, ulusu okanye izicwili ethambileyo kummandla welungu hip;
• kwamathambo, okukhokelela amandla zaneleyo wethambo kunye nengozi lekhefu postoperative thambo ngexesha nokuhamba eqhelekileyo;
• ezimbi apho kungekho lomsele yifemur medullary.

ngezigaba nokufakelwa

Xa sokwenziwa ukubuyisela nyonga ochaphazelekayo, kufuneka ibe namandla ngokwaneleyo, kufuneka ngokukhuselekileyo esisigxina yaye babe inertia ukuba nezihlunu umguli. ukuxilongwa nezolo, ezenziwe iipholima, iiseramikhi kunye aluminiyamu yentsimbi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno eziyimfuneko. Ngaphandle, i afakelweyo iyafana ephangweni joint yabantu.

Iinkcukacha zayo:

• endoprosthesis Cup. Le nxalenye endaweni acetabulum welungu zangasese. Material ngokuba yokuvelisa yodongwe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindebe of neeplastikhi.
• Intloko sokwenziwa. Metal okuyingxenye ifomu ungqukuva kunye ukutyabeka polymeric. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuthamba sliding, xa intloko esijikeleziswa kwi endoprosthesis indebe ngexesha iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo lomzimba.
• Umlenze sokwenziwa. Abafumana umthwalo omkhulu, njalo njalo ezenziwe ngentsimbi. Yeyona ekutshintshweni entanyeni neyesithathu aphezulu yifemur.

Kwakhona nokufakelwa zahlulwe zibe single-pole kabini-ipali. Le zitho isigulane pole olunye-bagcine acetabular yabo proteziruya intloko femoral kunye nentamo. Olu inguquko ephelelwe ye afakelweyo, nto leyo lisetyenziswa ngaphambili. Ukusebenzisa ebonakala rhoqo kwabo eliphezulu ukwaphuka le acetabulum, yaye wayeka ukusebenzisa kwabo practice amathambo mihla.

endoprosthesis vuvabyi na igama iyonke. Avelisa iyonke hip arthroplasty. Apha kukho kuwo omathathu amacandelo zingentla le ngengqondo.

hip ixesha inkonzo endoprosthesis ixhomekeke umgangatho izinto eziye zaba ukuba uzenze. Le nokufakelwa enamandla metal ingahlala iminyaka engama-20. Nakuba kunjalo, iziphumo ezigqwesileyo ukuze indibanisela ubomi wenkonzo umsebenzi ngeemoto ukuhlanganiswa okuphindwe metal-Polymer-ceramic.

izigcawu

Zonke izigulane ezifuna busebenzisa, izifundo kufuneka ziqhutywe, nokumisela imeko entlanganweni womlenze (ultrasound, MRI, X-ray) ngaphandle zonke Izimo ezinokubakho.

Akukho msebenzi ezizodwa zoqeqesho ayidingi. Xa engekho Izimo kwenzeka ukhetho operation sabelo. Intsasa zotyando wazicheba ulusu kwindawo hip. Esidla, esela abavumelekanga.

senqubo

Le isigulane kubekwa phezu kwetafile yokusebenza, apho wenza zomzimba. indlela engaguquki zomzimba anesthesiologist kunye nomonde. Ubude msebenzi ukufikelela kwiimeko ezinzima iiyure ezi-5. Ngoko ke, le ndlela engcono okanye zomzimba nomqolo okanye Ukubulawa ngokupheleleyo. Indlela yokuqala zomzimba kuzisa umonakalo ngaphantsi, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba onyule abadala.

Ekugqityweni ugqirha zomzimba usebenzisa cut ihlela ufikelelo joint hip. Imi efunekayo - malunga 20 cm Kukho asike le philisi edibeneyo, wazisusa intloko yifemur, leyo ixhomekeke resection ..

nokumodela bone siza ngendlela le endoprosthesis. sokwenziwa nitrogen kwenzeka kakhulu ngokusoloko esebenzisa lwesamente. Okulandelayo, ubuso le acetabulum drill isuswe intlala articular, nto leyo ke wabeka indebe endoprosthesis.

iingxaki bha

utyando Hip replacement uthathwa ukuba utyando ezintsonkothileyo.

Oku kungakhokelela kubunzima:

• ukopha;
• igazi egazi ngemithambo kweqondo asezantsi;
• suppuration of sokwenziwa kunye amanxeba zotyando;
• hematoma;
• ukulahlwa kwe endoprosthesis;
• iingxaki kwinkqubo sentliziyo.

ukusebenza ngenyameko ukulungiselela enciphisa ubungozi iingxaki.

Neziphumo zemisebenzi

Ngokutsho manani, hip replacement angqina nomonde becala elungileyo. Izigulane abafumana ulwaneliseko kunye nokusebenza. Xa ukusebenza kwabo eselula kakhulu ngaphandle izifo ehamba umsebenzi nyonga ubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo. Umntu unako ukuhamba kwaye abe nenxaxheba umthambo, ngaphandle sithwalisa lo ngengqondo. zemidlalo ziya contraindicated.

Kukho iziphumo amahlwempu emva kotyando hip replacement. Kaninzi ke kwenzeka ebudaleni ikwandim, ukuba une comorbidities. Ngowe-20% ezigulane abafumana hip replacement, izigulane bonisa ncomo ngokuphoxa neziphumo zemisebenzi.

Lokubuyisa emva kotyando

Kwimo yokuba izigulane kufuneka uqale ngoko nangoko emva kotyando. Lo msebenzi emva kotyando hip replacement, kunye imithambo yokuphefumla. Kakade ke, ukuba afakelweyo unenzondelelo kufuneka igcinwe yodwa, kodwa kufuneka azame ukuhlangana ubuncinane imisipha emva kokuba kwenziwe hip replacement. Kwimeko yesiqhelo kufuneka benikwe ulawulo eziphambili - kufuneka andise umthwalo.

Ngosuku lokuqala emva kotyando

Izigulane ezininzi kufuneka achithe nabo labagula kakhulu. Kukho Kungcono esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo, ngoko nangoko ukusabela zonke utshintsho ezimbi. Emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kotyando, umntu ukuba bachithe ixesha kwindawo ehleli, ohlisa phantsi bembande.

I-hip esebenza Akuvunyelwe ukugoba ° ezingaphezulu kwama-90. Oku ukuphazamisa isakhiwo sayo kunye nitrogen kwi ithambo. Thatha indawo ehleli ilawulwa ngcono kwikliniki yonyango okanye usapho abasebenzi. Aya kukunceda ukuba yisa lomzimba achaphazelekayo yaye iya kunika uncedo lokuqala, ukuba kukho nesiyezi.

Ukuvuka

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuba ingakwazi nokuphuma ebhedini ngokwabo emva akufuneki ibe utyando. Thembela konyawo esempilweni, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izixhobo abancedisayo, oko akuvumelekanga kangangeeveki eziliqela. izixhobo zokuncedisana nabagulayo ibe udondolo okanye iintonga. Xa imeko olwanelisayo isigulana emva utyando ezifana hip replacement, kwimo ivumela usebenzisa uncedo avuke ngomhla olandelayo, Noko ke, kukho izigulane ezininzi kodwa ukulungele ukwenza njalo.

ehamba

Vumela isigulane ukuba bahambe ngosuku lwesithathu emva kotyando. Ngelo xesha kufuneka athobele zonke iimfuno kutshintsho babemile. Qinisekisa ukususa izandla eziphelweni utyando okanye umlenze elungileyo sveshivaniya ebhedini. Ungafumana ukuya ngeentonga kunye nomlenze esempilweni. Naziphi na iinzame ukuthembela kumlenze owenzakeleyo akuvumelekanga phakathi kwenyanga emva kotyando, ngoko ke kufuneka esithubeni. Sebenzisa iintonga xa ehamba, kungcono hayi ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezintathu.

Xa flow ekhuselekileyo kwexesha kwimeko yesiqhelo angaya kwi udondolo kwinkxaso. Thembela kumlenze owenzakeleyo babe nolwazi ngenyanga, kodwa ningashukunyiswa nimke ubunzima yakhe yonke komzimba. Ukuqalisa ukusebenzisa emva kotyando hip replacement kuyimfuneko ukuze ifikelele imilenze kwicala kunye ukubuya umva wayo kunye ukukhulisa, lisibekele babemile. Layisha i esetyenziswa umlenze ezimbini iinyanga umthwalo, engadlulanga isiqingatha ubunzima bomzimba yesigulane. Qala ukuhamba ngaphandle ngcono ngokupheleleyo kunokwenzeka emva kweenyanga 4-6 of operation. Imithwalo kufuneka lenyuke kancane kancane.

ukudla

Ilungu enkulu ekufumaneni isigulana isondlo esifanelekileyo. Yokudla kufuneka ibe phezulu ngakwicala leeprothini, iiminerali neevithamini. Akukho mfuneko ukubambelela kakhulu eliphezulu-ukudla, ngenxa yokuba izigulane azikwazi ukuhamba ngenkuthalo. amandla yezimali kulo mzekelo kungakhokelela ukutyeba, nto leyo angalibali alulame. Not eboniswayo imveliso ukubhaka, okroqiweyo, kunye nokutya okunamafutha, ukutya sitshaye. iintlanzi Uvunyelwe, engenamafutha, imifuno kunye neziqhamo, okuziinkozo, amaqanda. Xa kungekho tyala akakwazi ukusela iziselo ezinxilisayo, ikofu neti.

Unyango nokubuyiselwa kwimo yesiqhelo

Unyango ekliniki ithatha iiveki 2-3. inkqubo ukuphiliswa Ngaloo nxeba iliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, sutures ziyasuswa emva kweentsuku ezili-12. Ke ezinye lokuhlala kwindawo yonyango isigulane kunye nezalamane zakhe bafundiswa izakhono ezilula kwimo yomlenze owawusebenza. iinyanga ezi-3 emva kotyando, a ray welungu kasikrobana. Kuyanceda ukuvandlakanya impumelelo ukusebenza kunye nitrogen le kweyodwa.

Xa isigulane alahlwa evela kwiziko lonyango, i luncedo olukhulu kwimeko ngakumbi banokuba kokubonisana ugqirha-rehabilitator oza ukunceda isicwangciso ngamnye yabo yesiqhelo. Oku kuya kunceda kwenza kube enqabisekile yaye ngaphantsi elide sokubuyisa ixesha ekuphulukenwe. izigulane ezininzi abuyele ubomi esebenzayo kwenzeka iinyanga ezintandathu emva kotyando. kucetyiswa ukuba kuncitshiswe umthwalo ukuya kwimo umlenze lokugqibela owayefumene busebenzisa. Ilunga hip, leyo athile omzimba waphumelela, ekwaziyo kwexesha elide inkosi yakhe.

apho ezisebenza

Best zonke ezi imisebenzi yenziwa kwamanye amazwe. Siye saba iikliniki zithandwa kakhulu bakaSirayeli eJamani, ngubani ukugxininisa amanyathelo ezinjalo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso hip replacement kwiiklinikhi ezinjalo liphezulu kakhulu. A okungokunye, ukuba ngaso nasiphi na isizathu ukuba umsebenzi kwelinye akwenzeki, isinqe replacement eMoscow. oogqirha Russian ziye zaphumelela kwiminyaka yakutshanje eninzi inkqubela entsimini athile omzimba, okwenza ukuba unyaka izihlandlo ezingama-20 amawaka replacement hip. Ixabiso le msebenzi kweli lizwe lethu kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kwiiklinikhi amazwe, kwaye 38.000 engange.