I-AO yahlukile ukusuka Open Society? Ngokuhlanganisa JSC

Kuqoqosho lwale mihla Russian, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezikhoyo zoshishino. Zonke inkampani ekhetha yeyiphi ukhethe ukuba umbutho imisebenzi yabo. Iinkampani Joint-stock eziliqela iimpawu. imibutho efana lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe iintlobo vula iphinde ivalwe.

Ukuze ukuba ukubabhida iingqiqo eziyimfuneko ukuqonda nezishunqulelo. Ivaliwe (ZAO) kwaye evulekileyo (OAO) inkampani joint-stock kukho inani yomahluko zombutho. Ifomu yokuqala kwezolimo ngoku igama e JSC - Joint Stock Company. Kodwa uhlobo evaliweyo ukuthini kuyo.

I-AO yahlukile ukusuka Open Society, ngumbuzo umdla kakhulu. Oku kukhokelela kwiqela kwiimpawu ezininzi ukusebenza kwamashishini. Iinkampani kuba nethuba ngokutsha nkampani kunye nokudala endaweni AO. Oku kuluncedo ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Njengoko kwenzeka, yaye kutheni kufuneka oko, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe banzi.

Yintoni yinkampani joint-stock?

Ukuze siqonde umahluko JSC JSC, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela le fomu kwimisetyenzana yoqoqosho ngengqiqo jikelele. Lo mbutho kwenza abasunguli eziliqela. I-capital ogunyazisiweyo amiliswe ngeqela lezabelo ukuba zisiwe abanini. Wenze xa kudalwa inkampani. Kwaye kwangoko lixela inani izibambiso, ixabiso lazo lesiqhelo. Imithetho usasazo ibonisa uhlobo lombutho lweshishini.

Ezi izibambiso zihlukaniswe abanini abo amalungelo athile. Ngenxa yokuba i-zabelo sele yenziwe kwingxowa-mali obanzi isixa esithile-mali zawo (kwaye nokhupho inyathelo) ekupheleni kwexesha lokunika ingxelo ukuba inxalenye efanelekileyo inzuzo net. Lo mvuzo ingqamana umnini sabelana of izibambiso ewonke afunyenwe ngumviwa capital ogunyazisiweyo. Le ingeniso kuthiwa izahlulo shareholder.

Umnini Kwakhona unalo ilungelo lokuvota kwinkqubo yokwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo inkampani, kwakunye ukufumana isiza xa kuthe yimali.

Amalungelo kunye neemfanelo zabelo

Ukufundisisa kunokuba iyahluka AO ukusuka VAT, kuyimfuneko ukuba anikele ingqalelo amalungelo noxanduva zabelo. Bona kuphela ukuba sikhokelo ethile yomthetho. ubutyala yabo kuphela kwiindleko tyalo kuphela.

Umngcipheko welahleko awusebenzi bonke abanini propati. Kodwa ukuba kwimeko imilinganiselo lweshishini lasekwa amadlala, umzekelo, waqesha umlawuli, iqela elithile yoosozabelo, basityathe imbopheleleko enkulu. Ukuba inkampani linemali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula amatyala awo, ukuze kubekwa nxamnye nabo banoxanduva, ubutyala ngezenzo.

Zabelo kwakhona kubanjwa xa bebonke, ukuba ingxowa-mali ogunyazisiweyo kwishishini iquka inxalenye ethile lokuphepha.

Zonke izigqibo ezenziweyo ntlanganiso. Ilungelo lokuvota na ubunzima enye njenge izabelo umsunguli. Ukuba ine-50% + 1 isabelo, yinkampani elawulwa ngumntu omnye okanye iqumrhu.

iimpawu ezikhethekileyo

Le nkampani ulungiselelwe njenge Joint-Stock Company, inani zabelo engaphenduli ngaphezulu abantu-50. Le fom ekuso amashishini aphakathi-Xavier. Ngokungafaniyo JSC evela JSC ngokuyintloko kulele ukunwenwa izabelo endleleni.

Le nkampani joint-stock evaliweyo abayithengayo inani eliqingqiweyo labantu. ingxowa-mali ngokomthetho kule meko ngaphantsi kwe amaxesha 100 wemivuzo (SMIC).

Inani zabelo alipheli. Olu hlobo ulawulo uphawu loshishino enkulu. Securities yazalisekiswa ngoncedo yokuthengisa free. Ulwazi malunga nemeko nkampani, kumsebenzi wakhe wezimali kule meko inikwa esidlangalaleni.

Izabelo zikhululekile ukubakhona kwi imali eninzi. I-capital eligunyazisiweyo kweli tyala amaxesha ubuncinane 1000 nemivuzo ephantsi.

umehluko

Umahluko phakathi JSC kunye JSC kakhulu kakhulu. Okokuqala ngokunzulu indlela ezahlukeneyo intengiso yezabelo. Ukuba SA ugqiba ukuba athengise ezinye izibambiso, kufuneka imvume zonke zabelo. Ngaphezu koko, baye ithuba elihle kakhulu xa uthenga. Sezabelo zithengiselwa, ngaphandle kwesaziso nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba. Ngoko ke, inani abanini kwizabelo alibhekiseli.

SA ayibeki kwiingxelo-mali zawo ezikhoyo esidlangalaleni. Of unyanzelekile ukuba abonelele ngolwazi esidlangalaleni. Oku kunika ithuba lokuba wonke umntu ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza yenkampani. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abatyali kungenzeka ukuba ukunika okwethutyana ezamahala iimali zabo imibutho uhlobo evulekileyo. Cjsc akukho kwandiswa ukuya kwinqanaba loshishino enkulu.

Urhulumente njenge umsunguli

Ukuze uqonde into eyahlukileyo ukusuka JSC JSC, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele le meko, xa inxalenye sezabelo ephethwe ngurhulumente. Wabaseki nkampani ibe nokukhokela abasemagunyeni Russian kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngaphantsi.

Kulo mzekelo, umbutho kunokuba umba ivuleleke kuphela. Ulwazi malunga Iziphumo shishino ngokuyimfuneko zibekwe esidlangalaleni. Ukuba yinxalenye ezabelo abanini bawo ezikhoyo ze-Russian Federation olawulo ezikolo,-arhente zikamasipala yayo, imfundo Inkampani akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo.

Le yenye umahluko omkhulu thaca iintlobo ezimbini zolawulo. Izabelo ngazo esidlangalaleni, ezidweliswe kwi imali eninzi.

kuhlela

Ngenxa yezizathu ezithile kusenokuba yimfuneko ngokuhlanganisa JSC. Le ukuguqulwa ingaqhutywa kwicala elahlukileyo. Kulo mzekelo, ukutshintsha imali eyinkunzi eligunyazisiweyo, kwakunye namalungelo kunye noxanduva zabamnini izibambiso.

Ukuba iziphumo imisebenzi kwenkunzi yayo ogunyazisiweyo ayidluli amaxesha 1,000 le wemivuzo, kufuneka ukulungiselela amaxwebhu ukulungiselela kuhlela. Inika ezininzi zoncedo nenzuzo lweshishini. Kodwa ukuncitshiswa imithombo zabo kukhokelela ekuncipheni kwemveliso.

Esi ombi, kodwa ukuhla okubonakalayo umthamo ukuthengisa, ixabiso lentengiso inkampani, kuba ngumlinganiselo kuyimfuneko ukukhusela ungonakala. Xa inkqubo litsha kuza kubaluleka kakhulu. Isigqibo ukutshintsha uhlobo lolawulo owamkelwe zabelo kwi neziphumo kwiingxelo zemali.

ukulungiselela amaxwebhu

Xa inkqubo yokutshintsha indlela lokulawula evulekileyo kwinkampani evaliweyo imfuyo joint akwenziwanga ukuguqulwa. JSC JSC nendlela enokulungiswa kuphela. Ukuba Sikhona isidingo, iBhodi yabaLawuli ulungiselela amaxwebhu ayimfuneko.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uyilo, equka inani lezinto mandatory. Ulawulo Le nkampani kolu xwebhu utyhila umyalelo kunye neemeko kuhlela. Eminye ikhankanya inkqubo kuluntu omdala phezu yotyalo stock exchange, izibambiso bombutho omtsha.

Nokudala uluntu elitsha

Isangqa kwabantu, phakathi apho asasaza lokuphepha ezintsha ayidluli abantu-50. Kwakhona, uluhlu olupheleleyo ipropati idluliselwe kwi-ubunini AO ngokutsha.

Intlanganiso zabelo 'liphumeza isixa-mali eyinkunzi eligunyazisiweyo, atyumbe iintloko wenkampani entsha. Ngaphezu koko, xa zokubhaliswa kwamaziko karhulumente esekwe into yokuphelisa zabelo yoluntu evulekileyo, kwaye ngoku umbutho omtsha labucala. Oku kuya kuvumela inkampani usebenze ngokungqinelana inxalenye ndawo yemarike. Ekuhambeni le mfazwe kurekhodwe amaxwebhu ahambelanayo.

amaxwebhu ayimfuneko

Phakathi elitsha elisekiweyo kwaye ngokutsha lweshishini na umahluko omkhulu. Uxwebhu oluphambili ibhekisa umahluko phakathi kwezi ndidi zimbini lombutho iinkampani, oko II. Olu xwebhu a transfer isenzo okanye ukwahlulwa balance sheet. Kuxhomekeke uhlobo kuhlela ngokwayo.

Re-registration of JSC ufuna ukuqokelela inani elithile lwamaxwebhu. Ukuba Izabelo zihanjiswa phakathi kwabantu, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela iikopi zokundwendwela zale khomishini, iikhowudi yesazisi. Ukuba umnini izibambiso liqumrhu elisemthethweni, kuya kufuneka ikopi yamaxwebhu yobhaliso.

Okulandelayo, ukulungisa iinkcukacha zokwamkelwa imali okanye impahla ye-zabelo. Emva kokuba oku kuxhomekeka umsebenzi kwinkampani. Wabelwa ukuba iikhowudi NACE ehambelanayo. Ukuba unikeze idilesi ngokwasemthethweni umbutho, kufuneka unikeze ngqesho. Ukuba ayiwenzi, abameli ikhomishini kwayeyiya kwindawo lwamaziko engundoqo imveliso lweshishini. It unikwe idilesi ngokusemthethweni.

Yintoni unika kuhlela?

Ukutshintsha AO ukuba kubandakanya utshintsho olubalulekileyo ukuya entlanganweni. Ibhalansi yemali yokuqala lincipha kakhulu. Ngenxa ukwehla kwezibonelelo zemali zabo kwenzeka rating mali ukuwa.

credit Ambalwa kungabandakanya uluntu. It unalo ilungelo lokuba ukuthumela esidlangalaleni neziphumo zemisebenzi yalo, kodwa kuyasibhebhetha abatyali-mali. Zonke izabelo ubunini ebhalwe weenkcukacha IRS. Efuna ukuthengisa izibambiso zabo, wazisa ngembalelwano umnini ezinye zabelo ngesigqibo salo.

Ukuba uyavuma ukuba bathenge izabelo, babe makuthengiswe ukuya kumnini omtsha. Amaxwebhu oluqokelelwe nokudala uluntu sisenokutshintshwa. idatha ezintsha nangena kuyo. Le yinkqubo ethatha ixesha elide.

Ekubeni ingqalelo kwe AO kwahlukile VAT, kufanele kuphawulwe kwiqela lokulungileyo kwifom nganye ishishini. Kuxhomekeka umthamo zoshishino ukhetha omnye okanye olunye uhlobo into. Oku kwenza ukuba iinkampani ukuba ziququzelele imisebenzi yabo ngokufanelekileyo. Xa kwemiqathango rhoqo ukutshintsha market kunokwenzeka ukuba ulungise JSC JSC and vice versa. Kwezinye iimeko, ngumlinganiselo kuyimfuneko, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka ukuyenza.