I Abbey of Saint-Denis: imbali, inkcazelo, photo

I Abbey of Saint-Denis badla kufakwa kwiprogram kubakhenkethi excursion eqhelekileyo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kubhaliwe ibekwe ngendlela amadlelo ezihlelelekileyo kakhulu Paris. Kodwa kule ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu yembali, ngokuqinisekileyo yayo exabisa umtyelele.

indalo Legend Abbey

Imvelaphi yegama Saint-Denis linxulunyaniswa kwebali anoDiyonisiyo - ubhishophu yokuqala ka Paris kunye umxhasi ongcwele France. Njengoko ibali eya, wathunyelwa kule ndawo Pantifikom abahedeni galliytsev unyango ukholo lwamaKristu. Wabulawa kwi Montmartre ngexesha lokulawula uKumkani Valerian: intloko. Noko ke, umzimba St. anoDiyonisiyo weza intloko yakhe, wamthabatha ezingalweni zakhe wayephinyela nangoku malunga ezintandathu okanye ezisixhenxe iikhilomitha ukuya mpuma. Emva koko yawela ecaleni yesisombululo encinane, ogama kamva emva kwakhe: Saint-Denis. Eli bali kwenzeka kude 258 AD. Kude kube ngoku, imifanekiso ka St. AnoDiyonisiyo uvezwa icinezele intloko yakhe ezandleni zakhe.

Le ndawo yokungcwaba anoDiyonisiyo Paris, ngakumbi kanye ngaphezu engcwabeni, kunyaka 475 yayisakhiwa intsikelelo ka Saint Genevieve ibandla weemonki Saint-Denis. Ngelo xesha wagcinwa emangcwabeni Gallo-Roman. Yaye kwinkulungwane VII ngokomyalelo kaKumkani Dagobert Yokuqala ngeenxa wamiswa Abbey. Irhuluneli ngokwakhe babenqwenela ukuba angcwatywe apha. I Abbey wangcwatyelwa zonke ngookumkani yaseFransi: ookumkani kunye neekumkanikazi, nabathetheli namakhosazana. Idatha kwinani labantu ze angcwatywe eziphezulu ngemithombo eyahlukeneyo ayashiyana, kuba asingabo bonke ukungcwatywa igcinwe. amangcwaba amaninzi yatshabalala.

style zwe kuthatha iingcambu zawo apha

Ibandla of St anoDiyonisiyo iye ngokutsha izihlandlo ezininzi: kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe kunye nokudalwa woonongendi ebudeni bolawulo Pepin yiShort. Kwinkulungwane XII le Abbey iye ibe nempembelelo kakhulu nonamandla eFransi. Ngoko, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukwanda kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezitsha. Le ekwakheni omkhulu iye yasungula Abbot Suger - inkolo bakhanyiselwa, ezibalaseleyo nesizukulwana sakhe, umhambi. kakhulu kwayo, waphulaphula kuyo eziliqela ookumkani French (umz, Louis wesine kunye yesixhenxe Louis).

Ingcamango yokwakha ukubonisa ubunzima nokunyuka France kunye nenkcubeko yawo eYurophu, nakwihlabathi jikelele. Ukwakhiwa iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Abbot wayefuna ukugcina look wokuqala. Ngoko ke ngenxa ukuxuba nezithethe zokwakha kunye neendlela kwavela style ngalinye: ingxubevange Burgundy kunye nezimbo Romanesque. Kwaye isakhiwo yokuqala eyakhiwe isimbo Gothic, waye ibandla Abbey ka-Saint-Denis.

Suger, umakhi kukudala iifestile zeglasi ophezulu-efafazwe obonisa amabali zeBhayibhile, "igilasi anegazi wavuka" phezu komnyango, baba imihombiso le Abbey. Church of Saint-Denis waqhubeka ukuba babuyiselwe, yaye emva kokufa Abbot Suger. Kwiinkulungwane ezalandelayo, usoloko into etshintshileyo, ukuze kube namhla umhombiso amaphakade ufikile kuphela ngokuyinxenye.

Lingcwaba ookumkani France

Ngenkulungwane XIII, Louis IX, wayalela ukutshintshwa onke amalungelo komngcwabo yasebukhosini bakhe kummandla Abbey. Icawa baba kusebenza kwakhona engcwabeni ookumkani yaseFransi.

On amangcwaba ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kungaba ukulandela njengoko kutshintshwe yaphuhliswa zobugcisa lengcwaba kwiinkulungwane ezahlukeneyo. Inxalenye Iizilebhu kunye ezikhumbuzo ehonjiswe eqingqiweyo, engumfuziselo ookumkani belele (oku Zinjalo kwinkulungwane yeshumi), i amangcwaba Renaissance ezihonjiswe sisincoko sele kunye ithemba lovuko.

I Abbey of Saint-Denis, ngemihla ka Revolution e France

Elikhulu Iminyaka War, Huguenot imfazwe sabangela umonakalo elibalulekileyo sokuyilwa le Abbey, kodwa amangcwaba ubunzima ubukhulu becala ngexesha French Revolution. Uthuthu lweli nguzwilakhe ilahlwe emhadini waza wangcwatywa, inani elikhulu zigcinwa kwi kummandla imisebenzi yobugcisa asuswa okanye ezilahlekileyo.

Kuthiwa ukuba abalweli ukwambatha ukubonisa umzimba weNkosi uLouis yesine. Kangangexesha, ubani kwaye jonga kwi iintsalela. Ezinye Izidumbu angaqwengwa, bebekwe necrophilia ekhaya kwaye athengiswe.

Eli phepha omnyama nembali Abbey ka-Saint-Denis iseyisangene. Le sonto ukuba zidilizwe ngokomyalelo leNdibano yesiZwe, kodwa ngomzuzu wokugqibela irhoxisiwe kuyo.

Ngowe-1814, lwahamba kwi "amangcwaba mass" ookumkani zingcwele enimbiwe phezulu, buthathwa crypt in assuary. Kwaye ngo 1869, ngokwako Basilica Abbey of Saint-Denis zabuyiswa ngokomakhi ephawulekayo French Viollet-le-Duc, lowo wayibuyisela namnye lesikhumbuzo enkulu. Abebanjwe, umzekelo, le yecawa of Notre-Dame du Mont-Saint-Michel nabanye. Ngenkulungwane XVII Saint-Denis kwakhona isebenze njenge wengcwaba isithsaba.

umsitho kwesidumbu uKumkani

Ngenkulungwane XVII, ngokutsho theory zomthetho French, ukumkani kufuneka awufi. It Mayigxininiswe into ngamandla linani elikhulu kwezithethe yokungcwaba. Lo mlawuli waba ngumongo ezimbini: zabantu kunye umthanjiswa kaYehova. Umzekelo, emngcwabeni kaKumkani uHenry yesine yathatha amashumi amane eentsuku ukwenziwa. Le insides lo kumkani yasuswa emva kokufa baza bamngcwabela Abbey of Saint-Denis yedwa ngaphandle inkonzo. A entliziyweni ehlambulukileyo, zanyanzelisa utywala nezibaya, bawuqhole amakhambi kwingxowa ngelaphu, ngoko kwibhokisi ilothe, eyathi yabekwa esele kwibhokisi zesilivere. Kwiikumkani iintliziyo agcinwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Bathi ebaluleke ngokukodwa esiqhotyoshelweyo, ekubeni intliziyo, ukuba uxhasa isaphuli-France. Umzimba, bamqhola uSirayeli, bangcwabe ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwakhona yenziwe umququ obala yokumkani, Noko ke, akukho namnye kubo watshabalala emva Revolution French. Obala of Henry IV ulingisa izithethe ezikhethekileyo baphile ubomi ukumkani kangangoko iintsuku ezili-10.

E Saint-Denis, yonke bebephethe basebukhosini ehamba umzimba yabaqholiweyo kude kube mzuzu wokugqibela: umqondiso ovakalisa itrone amabinzana lenguqu ukuya esandleni entsha.

UKumkani ufile ... Makadle ubomi ukumkani!

Emva eli binzana bebephethe yokumkani ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze silandele saseReims ukuba ibekwa.

Meaning Saint Denis

Ukuqalisa evela XI-XII iinkulungwane Abbey waba ubunzima obukhulu eFransi akuyi kuphela kungcwatywa ngookumkani, kodwa ezihlangwini waqeqesha ebekwa ukumkanikazi. Abbey of Saint-Denis wakhokela imisebenzi yemfundo kumaXesha Aphakathi, lendela abandakanyeke sa kwakukho isibhedlele, abalupheleyo ikhaya leenkedama.

Basilica Abbey kubaluleke bokwakha: kuba umthombo kuphuhliso isimbo Gothic, oko wazalwa nebala iglasi art.

Necropolis of Saint-Denis, France, ibonisa uphuhliso imibhiyozo omngcwabo kwaye lesikhumbuzo ekhethekileyo, lengcwaba ethwele 51.

Ngowe-2004 apha ke wangcwatywa intliziyo ka-Louis XVII, nyana Marii Antuanetty, owathi, nangona na imithetho, kodwa yathatyathwa ukumkani kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu kwaye eUnited States.

Indlela ukuya Abbey

Yi kwindlu yonqulo uya weshumi umgca le Paris metro. Stop wabiza Basilique St Denis kwicala isityalo abekelwe.

Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa uloliwe obaleka ngesantya esiphezulu (iParis le ungayiqondiyo Rer), umgca D, isikhululo kuthiwa: Saint Denis.

Indlela yokusebenza ye Basilica

Inxalenye prialtarnuyu webandla zingafumaneka simahla. Ukusuka apha ungabona ukungcwatywa ngokusebenzisa nemivalo. Basilica buvuleleke iindwendwe phantse yonke imihla, ngaphandle xa kukho umngcwabo okanye emtshatweni. Amangeno kule necropolis kwentlawulo, oko kwicala lasekunene Cathedral ka-Saint-Denis. Photo ngaphakathi esalelweyo.

Akukho isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali France abazange bakwazi ngokupheleleyo yokungcwabela ngookumkani enkulu, ilitye lesikhumbuzo, inkcubeko French, ukubona ukuba utshintsho kumaxesha aphambili kunye nenkcubeko. Ngomhla undwendwe ngokuqinisekileyo ukuvelisa Iingqameko enomtsalane Gothic isonto, iglasi virtuoso nebala kunye era ezahlukeneyo kakhulu amangcwaba yokuloba Dark Ages ukukhusela ithemba lovuko nobomi obungunaphakade ngayo amangcwaba Renaissance.