-High speed oololiwe. Isantya-high speed ngololiwe

Lo kaloliwe sele kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Ngeli xesha uloliwe wadlula indlela enkulu yendaleko evela iitroli ezinkulu, ashukunyiswe ngesandla wamgxotha up superhighways iimatshini ezisebenza umgaqo levitation ngemagnethi. Namhlanje Railway Express akuzo phantse kuwo onke amazwe. Makhe sibone, yintoni na uloliwe ngokukhawuleza eRashiya ehlabathini lonke. Nantsi ke uveza rating owawufikelela ngesantya iikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwama-300 ngeyure!

Belgium

Endaweni elinanye - Belgian uqhagamshelo TGV series (Train à Grande Vitesse). Ezi noololiwe zaye zaphuhliswa ekuqaleni 1987 kwaye kwafuneka ukuba emke Amsterdam eParis, abapasa Cologne kunye Brussels. oololiwe Express ziye ukusetyenziswa ngo-1997.

Modern HSL 1 ubaleka kumgca-high speed, edityaniswe likomkhulu eBelgium, kaloliwe French. Indlela ukusuka eParis Brussels (300 km) loliwe ubaleka ngemizuzu kuphela 82. Lakhe isantya avareji kufutshane ayi-300 ngeyure. Phela, le ndlela ayikho yokuhamba cheap. itikiti kaloliwe-High speed kubiza zii-88 (izihlandlo ezibini zitshiphu nohambo). Noko ke, izenzo esinomtsalane inkqubo isaphulelo.

Taiwan

Ten loliwe fastest zehlabathi ivula Taiwan kaloliwe THSR 700T. Long, onamandla kanye kuphela. "Shinkansen" AMAGQABAZA ▸ nemizekelo ukwenza ukuba uloliwe Japanese. Isantya yokusebenza obukhulu Taiwan Express iikhilomitha 300 ngeyure. Noko ke, ngo-2005, kwafikelelwa uphawu yeekhilomitha 315. Yiyiphi wavumela THSR 700T ukuba angene ezilishumi phezulu ngokukhawuleza.

Kaloliwe ubaleka ukusuka North eMzantsi of Taipei, Kaohsiung. Elinambini cars ukhululekile uhambo nganye ndikhwele ukuya abakhweli 989. Isitimela odumileyo kuphela ngesantya kodwa ukhuseleko kunye nokuchaneka.

Germany

indawo yesithoba ukalisho yile German eliphezulu-speed esiqeqesha amabanga Express (ICE). Isantya a kaloliwe imodeli efana eStrasbourg iParis ifikelela iikhilomitha ezingama-320 ngeyure. Namhlanje ICE express - ezi uloliwe German imigama eziphambili elide. Kwakhona kuza olandelayo European Union, naseRashiya (umzekelo,-high speed ukuqeqesha Moscow - eSt Petersburg).

E eJamani, saqalisa ukuphuhlisa imodeli-ngesantya esiphezulu ngowe-1985, xa ilizwe yahlulwe kabini. Kwaye phezu neentsimbi uloliwe wokuqala Bavuka 1991, emva kokuba hlelo. Mbumbulu ICE-V yaphuhliswa kwindlela yovavanyo, isantya 407 km ngeyure. Nangona kunjalo, kuloo msebenzi, akazange kukhululwa.

Ngowe-1984 le nkampani waqalisa uphuhliso uvavanyo Transrapid komgaqo kaloliwe phakathi imizi Laten kunye Derpy ukusebenza kwenkqubo "i-". Kweli Uloliwe isebe uya kuphatha isantya ukuya km 420. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ntlekele eyenzeka ngaloo abantu 23 umgca babulawa ngoSeptemba 2006, le bekusungulwa "isuka" lahlehliselwa ngokungenammiselo. Namhlanje, le zikaloliwe kaloliwe ukuya kuphela nohambo kunye ezinika.

England

Kwi kwindawo yesibhozo simo - i-UK-high speed oololiwe. abameli Top - a British Rail Class 373 kunye Eurostar. ngesantya sabo isusela ukusuka km 300 ukuya 335. La manqaku zombane TGV (umzekelo French) bafakwa ukusebenza ngo-1994 kwaye kucanda phakathi kwamazwe amathathu: i-UK, France kunye Belgium. indlela yabo ndinobo kaloliwe kwitonela ngundaba-mlonyeni phantsi IsiNgesi Channel. Ke kaloku, msele - yesibini inde ehlabathini.

Ukuba ubuyele kwiqondo, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba uthini ingxelo owamiselwa Eurostar kaloliwe ngo-2003 - ngeekhilomitha 334,7 ngeyure nganye. Yonke indlela ukusuka eParis ukuya eLondon kulo loliwe kuthatha imizuzu 136.

London baqeqeshe kakhulu capacious ehlabathini. Baye ukuya abakhweli 900. Ukongeza, umkhweli-high speed Uloliwe Eurostar igqalwa enye zikaloliwe elide - lufikelela 394 ubude kwaye iimoto 20 kuloliwe.

South Korea

indawo yesixhenxe uloliwe ranking Korean KTX Sancheon. ngesantya - ukusuka iikhilomitha ezingama-305 ukuya 352. Lokomotiv waqalisa uhambo lwakhe lokuqala ngo-2009. Umphuhlisi - ihlabathi inkampani edumileyo Itraki Rotem, nto leyo isisiseko ekudalweni kaloliwe wathabatha iteknoloji TGV French.

Electric ingumnini kaloliwe yesizwe yaseMzantsi Korea. Kwaye nangona irekhodi emiselwe 2004 (352 km / h), isantya Express phantse zange idlula uphawu kweekhilomitha ezingama-305. Konke oku ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, kakade. KTX Sancheon - capacious (abakhweli ukuya ku 363), imodeli ekhululekile yaye mihla isebenza kwi Seoul - ePusan kunye Yongsan - Mokpo (in Kwangju).

Italy

Kwindawo yesithandathu - babonakalisa Italian ETR-500. igama lakhe elipheleleyo - Elettro Treno Rapido 500. uloliwe kwakhululwa eRoma ngo-1993. avareji Isantya yokusebenza Express 300km / h. Kodwa irekhodi yakhe kaloliwe 362 ngekhilomitha kusiwa ngo-2009, ngoxa uqhuba entunjeni esithungelanayo Bologna eFlorence.

Ixesha apho ETR-500 weyisayo indlela yakho (Bologna - Milano), lingaphantsi kwe kweyure. Phela, kulo nyaka ezicwangciselwe ukukhululwa e Italy isizukulwana esitsha nje ezintandathu ETR-100 zikaloliwe. Aba matshini uya kukwazi ukukhetha up isantya aphakathi kwama-350 kunye nama-400 km / h.

Spain

Abahlanu ekhule ivule Spanish-high speed oololiwe iveliswayo nkampani yorhwebo Alta Velocidad Española, okanye Ave elifinyeziweyo. Le abbreviation ayikho ngengozi. NgeSpanish, "i Ave" lithetha "intaka." Imodeli idumileyo yenkampani - yinto zodidi Uloliwe Ave Talgo-350. Ngokwenene izibawu njengentaka, ukufikelela ngesantya 330 km / h.

Ave Talgo-350 - uloliwe obaleka ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye ukhululekile ukuba abantu ukuya ku 318. Yena iyabaleka phakathi Madrid, Valladolid ne Barcelona. Ngowe-2004, ngethuba iimvavanyo nezilingo, lo kaloliwe bakwazi overclock ukuya kwesona santya siphezulu - 365 km / h. Hi ndlela leyi, ibizwa ngokuba "idada". Le Isitimela igama ngenxa ubude bayo phambi, ufana kubonakala ngamandla ngomlomo nedada yakhe.

China

Kwaye iindawo yesine nowesithathu zithathwa yi-Chinese-high speed zikaloliwe.

Ngomhla wesine - "CRH380A olunyulu Chinese». nomakhi wayo - inkampani enkulu yesizwe kwimveliso iimoto kaloliwe - CSR Qingdao Sifang kaloliwe kunye Rolling Stock Company. Kaloliwe ikhawulezisa ayi-380 ngeyure. Yaye uvavanyo Wamisa irekhodi yakhe - 486 leekhilomitha. CRH380A - ekhululekile kwaye evulekile-high speed Uloliwe Beijing - Shanghai, Shanghai - Hangzhou kunye Guangzhou - Wuhan. moya babo bemihla ngemihla, waqala ukwenza kunye Septemba 2010.

indawo yesithathu - kuba Chinese Shanghai isuka Train. Iyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngesantya kweekhilomitha ezili-431 ukuya 501 ngeyure. Uloliwe isebenza kumgaqo lokunqunyanyiswa magnetic "i-", Nezingathanga wazimisela amaJamani. Phela, Shanghai i- yaphuhliswa na Chinese, kodwa amaJamani efanayo. umatshini wakhe waseJamani kaloliwe SMT Transrapid. Chinese-high speed Isitimela esigunyaziswe 2004 kwisixeko Shanghai. Isantya esiphezulu apho isebenza khona yonke imihla ecaleni indlela yayo Shanghai - Isikhululo senqwelo-moya ayidluli 431 km / h. Noko ke, luyakwazi ngaphezulu. Xa izilingo kaloliwe saa ayi 501 ngeyure!

France

Owesibini emhlabeni ngenxa isantya - i French TGV train series. Behamba kwiindlela ukusuka eFransi ukuya eSwitzerland kunye eJamani. Yemifanekiso ngesantya - i-320 km / h. Ingxelo sasimi ngo-2007 kwaye zaba ku 574,8 km / h.

inkqubo French-high speed ngololiwe kunye Train Grande Vitesse - enye edumileyo yaye ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo betha iingxelo isantya ehlabathini. Uphuhliso iimodeli ezifana yaqala eFrance ngo-1960. Yaba impendulo ekuyilweni Japanese yakhe "Sinkansenov". Namhlanje, France inama imigca enkulu-high speed (iikhilomitha phezu 1,700) kunye 4,000 zikaloliwe iintlobo ezisixhenxe.

Ilizwe ilanga eliphumayo

Ngoko ke, siza uloliwe ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini. Kwaye lo ngcelele Japanese "Shinkansen» (Shinkansen). Isantya koololiwe-high speed - 581 km / h. It waphula zonke iirekhodi zehlabathi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Japan yaba lilizwe lokuqala ngaphandle inkqubo kaloliwe ukwaba kwilayini eyahlulweyo iindlela-high speed. Inxalenye yokuqala yale pilot wenza ebaleka ngo-1964. Kuye luphelelwe ungqamane Olympic Games eTokyo. Route: Tokyo - Osaka.

Lo kaloliwe yokuqala, "Shinkansen" yenziwe ngohlobo iimbumbulu, yiyo igama elifanelekileyo. Nanamhlanje, uloliwe yaseJapan ngendlela endala-lixesha ubizwa ngokuba "iimbumbulu". Kananjalo uphawu lwe-high speed phawu zabo. ngokwenene Express endiza nesantya imbumbulu. Isantya Eqhelekileyo "Shinkansen" - 443 km / h. Kunye nerekhodi epheleleyo, leyo eyasekwa ngo-2003, kwafikelelwa uphawu km 581.

Modern "Shinkansen" - i-high speed Uloliwe ekhululekile express, ethe kumafa yayo elinesithandathu iimoto olunamandla noluzinzileyo. injini Japanese nje kuphela ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini, kodwa ikhuselekileyo. Ezingamashumi amane anesihlanu eminyaka ukusebenza kukaloliwe lo brand zange wakhwela yingozi enkulu! Akukho abafayo, akukho monakalo - ukhuseleko ngokupheleleyo.

Ke kaloku, uthungelwano kaloliwe Tokyo nguye olusebenza kakhulu ehlabathini. Ngexesha ukhona, "Shinkansen" oololiwe wathwala abakhweli ngaphezulu kwe billion ezintandathu! Ayikho enye line akakwazi ndoqhayisa zibalo.

Kakhulu, eyona okhuselekileyo kuphela, kodwa kananjalo inembe kakhulu ehlabathini. Ngenxa yoko, umgama ukusuka Osaka ukuya eTokyo kaloliwe ibhabha imizuzu 145. Kwaye ngo-2003, ugcwalise 160 yezi moya, "Shinkansen" baphambuka ishedyuli imizuzwana emithandathu kuphela ...

Russia

Ilizwe lethu, Kakade ke ukuqhayisa loo manani umxhelo, yaye 300 km / zikaloliwe h Russian abayi yande. Noko ke, sinako sizingca iindlela-high speed.

Phambi ko-2009, le ndlela Moscow - St. Petersburg walandela ER200 kuloliwe. ngesantya njengoko sele kunokwenzeka ukuba basiqonde igama, yi-200 km / h. Yaye ebudeni uvavanyo kaloliwe bakwazi overclock ukuya ayi-210. Ngo-2009, le ummangaliso iteknoloji acinyiweyo, yaye zathathelwa indawo ngu-high speed Uloliwe "Sapsan". Eli gama kaloliwe yathiywa emva ukhetshe njengeyona, egqalwa intaka ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini. Lo loliwe yenzelwe ngokusesikweni eJamani. Kwincopho isenokuba ukuphuhlisa ngesantya 300 km / h. Umenzi (Siemens) yaseka santya siphezulu uyilo kweekhilomitha ezili-350 ngeyure. Ngexesha uvavanyo Wamgila kaloliwe sethu kaloliwe saa ku 290 km / h. Train "Sapsan" enambuzelayo indlela Moscow - eSt Petersburg. Lo mgama icanda iiyure ezine, isantya umlinganiselo 166 km / h. KuYe akukho ngaphezulu ndibachithachithe ukuze akhuseleke. Hi ndlela leyi, sinike ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Nizhny Novgorod, ngokubanzi ehamba ngesantya kweekhilomitha ezili-160 ngeyure nganye ...

ERashiya, indawo yesibini emva "njengeyona Ukhozi" limi uloliwe "kuginya". Kuye kwakhona yenziwe yi yinkampani German Siemens. It wathunyelwa ngokukodwa eRashiya ekuqaleni lakwaWinter Olimpiki Sochi. It iqulathe iimoto ezintlanu ubude ukuya kwiimitha 130. Kusenokwenzeka kwakhona kusetyenziswe indlela ezimbini (kongezwe yeemoto ezintlanu). "Swallows" izinga ephantsi - up to 160 km / h. It yenzelwe iindlela ipoma kwaye lixhotyiswe kumaqonga aphezulu. Namhlanje, aba oololiwe ukubaleka evela eMoscow, eSt Petersburg Krasnodar. Njengoko kwakunye koololiwe yaye Sochi Tuapse.

ERashiya, ngokungafaniyo kwamanye amazwe, kukho imigca eyahlukileyo-high speed abazinikeleyo musa. Kwaye-high speed Uloliwe "Kuginya", yaye kungabi ngaphantsi okukhawulezayo "Sapsan" uhambe, nangona yala maxesha, iindlela sele pre-ekhoyo. Ukongeza, ukwazisa ezi ukuvakalisa, kwakufuneka asuse indlela ethile kancinci. Oku kuye kwabangela okuninzi yokunganeliseki phakathi kwabantu basekuhlaleni. Kwaye indleko amatikiti kwezi oololiwe kakhulu phezulu, nkqu imilinganiselo Europe kunye Asia. Ebudeni uhambo ukuya kaloliwe ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eSt Petersburg uya kuhlawula njengoko yayiza kunikwa xa uphoswe apho moya.