Hepatitis B virus - ntoni na? Indlela yokuphatha hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B virus - ntoni na? Esi sifo lohlobo anthroponotic, t. E. Kunokuba parasitize lelo gciwane kuphela ebantwini. Hepatitis B intsholongwane iba umsebenzi onamandla hepatotropic. Ukuqina nesibindi Oncology kudla evusa eli gciwane ethile.

Ngokutsho manani, eRashiya kunyaka ngamnye ukuya kuma-50 amawaka kwafunyaniswa ukuba amatyala hepatitis B nabakhi ezingapheliyo - abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-5.. Yokwanda kwalo sifo kweli hlabathi likhulu kakhulu - kukho angaphezu kwezigidi 350 abathwali intsholongwane, lowo 250.000 kufa ngonyaka ngamnye ukususela ezahlukeneyo ezimbi zesibindi.

Hepatitis B virus: abalinganiswa

Le ukwanda kwesifo kungenxa uzinzo eningenakukholwa yiyo le pathogen kwizinto ezahlukeneyo bamachiza kunye neziphumo ezibonakalayo. Hepatitis B intsholongwane iyamelana yeziphumo obushushu asezantsi, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuqanda thawing na ukumbulala. Ukupheka kwakhona HBV (ukutyunjwa kuncwadi) lungenasiphumo.

Ukuhla owomileyo legazi kubushushu igumbi, intsholongwane igcinwa ukuya inyanga okanye ngaphezulu, igcinwe serum eyomileyo ukuya 25, yaye emkhenkceni (ngama -20) - engama-15.

Yokungenelela (ukunqanda) oko autoclaved imizuzu engama-30, okanye inzalo air oveni eshushu iyure kwi uluhlu lobushushu degrees 180.

Amaxwebhu kwesibindi B

Indlela eyingozi hepatitis B? Yintoni na kwaye sibonise njani izifo? Ezi zinto zilandelayo ziya kuzama zombini ezi mibuzo iphendulwe ngokupheleleyo.

Hepatitis B ingaba oyingozi okanye engapheliyo. Acute iphuhlisa ngqo emva kokosuleleka kunye nesiphelo okuthatha. Zinokuhlala ukusuka kwiiveki eziliqela ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Kulo mzekelo, iimpawu ichazwe ngokucacileyo kuphela isiqingatha kwezi meko:

• intlungu esisu ekunene, kwi inqaba yamandulo costal;
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha;
• ukwanda lobushushu emzimbeni (umkhuhlane);
• intloko ebuhlungu;
• yobuthathaka;
• ubuhlungu bamalunga;
• yellowness esikhumba okanye amehlo;
• umchamo emnyama (umbala umqombothi);
• endleni olumbhatshileyo.

Acute (icteric) uhlobo lwe-Hepatitis B ngokubanzi 80% ye kwakhona ekupheleni isigulane.

Abantwana kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abantu abadala babe uhlobo nazimpawu sohlobo B. Kule khosi kakhulu zesi sifo iimpawu zikhona. Kusenokubakho umkhuhlane kancinane nokudinwa, apho izigulane engazi rhoqo. Kulo mzekelo, rhoqo phambi sohlobo kwentsholongwane B egazini ifumaneka ngokupheleleyo ithuba, umzekelo, kumaziko okubhalela iimviwo lonyango elandelayo. Ikhondo ezolileyo le isifo uba ezingapheliyo. Usulelo ephethe usana ntsholongwane ngethuba lokubeleka ukusuka abagulayo unina rhoqo kakhulu uphela ifomu esinganyangekiyo.

Kwezinye iimeko iphuhlisa fulminant (nomhlaza) kwesibindi - oku sisifo enkulu kakhulu, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni kwesibindi okanye umhlaza wesibindi.

wena bangenwe njani na?

Transmission sohlobo B kungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Umthombo losulelo abantu abagulayo, okanye --non ukuthotyelwa imithetho ethile - media. Wona yenethiwekhi sohlobo B kwesi sifo musa ubunzima (akukho mpawu), kodwa kukho ntsholongwane egazini lakhe.

Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo bokufumana isifo - ngegazi. Umzekelo, iisirinji ezilahlwayo ngokusebenzisa iinaliti phakathi kubasebenzisi amachiza ukusetyenziswa yabo yasesekondari, ngokusebenzisa kakubi zintsholongwane izixhobo isikhonkwane okanye ngeenwele zokuzilungisa. Losuleleko na imali encinane kakhulu igazi, apho iantigens yi hepatitis B. idosi Nokuba ezincinane lingana 0,00004 ml, kunokubangela usulelo. Sele ekhankanywe ukuba intsholongwane uzinzile kakhulu, kwaye nkqu negazi nethontsi owomileyo bushushu kokuba igcinwe ngaphezu kwenyanga.

Ngaphezu koko, hepatitis B ezidluliselwa ngesondo. Ikhoyo nokubakho ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuquka nabo kwisidoda.

Kwakhona kusenokwenzeka, nosuleleko intrauterine yosana olungekazalwa (ukusuka kumama abagulayo). Kodwa nantsi kuyimfuneko ukucacisa ukuba usuleleko osana, t. E. Phambi kokuqala zabasebenzi, kunqabile kakhulu. Amaninzi, usulelo lwe umntwana kwenzeka ngethuba lokubeleka, okt. E. Intrapartum. Emva kokuvela kwiimvuthuluka kwi usulelo ukukhanya kunokwenzeka ngobisi lwebele.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva usuleleko?

Emva kohlobo B ntsholongwane egazini kuseyimfuneko umntu okunempilo, ufikelela egazini of hepatocytes (iiseli kwesibindi). Ukuba kwenzeka ukuphindaphindeka (olukhutshelweyo) zentsholongwane, nto leyo echaphazela inani iiseli ezintsha, kunye namanye amacandelo DNA wentsholongwane egazini badityaniswa DNA hepatocytes. Amajoni omzimba ungayamkeli iiseli iguqulwe kwaye ubona kubo ngolwasemzini. Uqala ukuba ukhuphe izilwa-ukutshabalalisa hepatocytes ilungiswe. Ngoko ke, lo isibindi ibhuqiwe, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba inkqubo ukudumba kwesibindi.

ekuxilongweni

Kuba lokufunyaniswa sifo kodwa uhlalutyo eqhelekileyo kwemichiza of ALT yibilirubin, esebenzisa markers ezithile hepatitis B:

• Isilwa HBsAg;
• HBeAG iantigens.

Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa ezithile zokuxilonga omzimba kwezi awakwazi kunye ezithile HBcore protein, olwenzeka xa etsolo hepatitis B:

• anti-HBcore;
• anti-HBe.

Ezi awakwazi kunye antibodies ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo sifo ezifumaneka ngawona ezithile. ukufunda esibanzi inceda elona nqanaba HBV, nto leyo evumela ukuqikelela ikhondo ngakumbi esi sifo nokwakha irejimeni yonyango.

Ziziphi izinto kwandisa ingozi yosulelo?

Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba usulelo ixhaphakileyo intsholongwane kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30. Ngubani bachatshazelwa sesi sifo ezifana hepatitis B? Yintoni na - siya sele kakuhle, ukuba sizakuxoxa ngoku yintoni ezibangela usulelo. Ngoko ke, engozini ziquka:

• Izigulane ukuhlinza amazinyo;
• kubantu abasebenzisa iinkonzo manicure kunye iinwele zokuzilungisa;
• abathengi lihlaba kunye zokuzilungisa umvambo;
• Abaxhomekeki;
• abantu abagulayo kabani unyango lubandakanya ukutofelwa igazi rhoqo okanye ukusetyenziswa olugqitha esikhumbeni (izixhobo "kidney ngumntu") ;
• alala;
• abantu rhoqo ukutshintsha nabo ngesondo.

Ngokuphawulekayo ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba esi sifo kunceda lugonyo hepatitis B. It kungenziwa kwi-ofisi na iiklinikhi zisigonyelwe.

Indlela yokuphatha hepatitis B virus?

Therapy ijonge ekuthinteleni uphuhliso kwesibindi kunye umhlaza wesibindi. Oku kufezwa abathintela yintsholongwane phindana iiseli isibindi kuqheleke kumanqanaba transaminase.

Isigqibo ngendlela yokuphatha kohlobo B kuthatha i izifo ugqirha esosulelayo. YoBuyiselo - yinkqubo ethatha ixesha elide. Ukhetho unyango kuxhomekeke umsebenzi intsholongwane kwaye nengozi yokuba nesifo kwesibindi zesibindi nomhlaza.

hepatitis Acute viral kudla usombulula ngokwayo, kuza bachache ngokupheleleyo malunga nesigulane eso. Le Okungumahluko uhlobo enkulu fulminant sohlobo B, kodwa ngethamsanqa kuyenzeka kunqabile kakhulu. Amayeza ngqo kwi-HBV zinomgutyulo nokoyika ityhefu (ezigulela) kunye iphelele hepatocytes.

Kuba unyango antivirals HBV zisetyenziswa. Hi xikombiso, le medicament "Interferon Alfa-2a 'lisetyenziswa 1 Ixesha ngeveki unyaka omnye (idosi omdala 180 mg). nucleoside ezisetyenziswa: "Entecavir", "Lamuvidin", "Adefovir". La machiza ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwentsholongwane iiseli isibindi nokukhuthaza sisindiswe.

Kuba unyango yesondlo usebenzisa gepatoprotektory kunye immunomodulators, umz, ichiza "Zadaxin" (inaliti).

Xa unyango lwe kohlobo B 'yesitshixo sele inikezelwe inani ukutya 5. eli ligatya nayiphi na ukutya kutyetyiswa, okuneziqholo, anetyuwa ezinkonxiweyo nezingankonxwanga. Iimveliso eziphantse-igqityiwe yaye ayi, kakhulu, kulungile ngaphandle kwizidlo.

Ukuba kohlobo B kuthatha ikhondo kakhulu, kwaye kukho ingozi enkulu yokuba nesifo kwesibindi okanye isibindi umhlaza, athe wagqiba lokususa logwali.

ukuvimbela

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukukhusela ngandlel 'umzimba ngamagciwane ezifana hepatitis virus B? Yintoni na, siye safumanisa. Lifikile ixesha lokuba sithethe ngayo nothintelo. Yahlulahlulwe yaba ezithile kunye non-ngqo. Eyokuqala ufezwa kogonyo. Ukususela sifo zikhuselwe abantu kuphela agonywe kuphila hepatitis B kunye nokuthintela non-ngqo uquka uthotho amanyathelo epidemiological kwihlabathi ezithintela ukosuleleka yintsholongwane hepatitis B. Umzekelo, uvavanyo olusisinyanzelo igazi kunye amalungiselelo ayo zabamakishi HBV, ukwenziwa kwenkqubo ebanzi ukuchasa iziyobisi, ekupheleni banal yococeko lobuqu. Oku kuza kuxoxwa ngezantsi. Ngoku, siphawula kuphela kuthintelo Hepatitis B kubaluleke kakhulu ekulweni ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.

Uthintelo oluthile hepatitis B

Ugonyo nxamnye hepatitis B inyanzelekile:

• bonke abantwana abaneminyaka iinyanga 0-1-6 (ugonyo routine);
• onke amalungu entsapho izigulane kohlobo B;
• zodwa;
• abafundela ubugqirha;
• abantu abasebenza kunye iimveliso ngegazi;
• izigulane ngendlela ngenkani ukuba kudlule olugqitha esikhumbeni;
• izigulane abafumana iimveliso zegazi.

Loo ugonyo unokwenza naluphi na omdala. Ngaphambili, oko engafakwanga inani mandatory. Ukuze agonywe, ngokwaneleyo ukuba isicelo ukuya eklinikhi kwisithili yakhe. Bonke abantwana kunye nabantu abadala ukuya kwiminyaka engama-55 ubudala kufumana ugonyo simahla. Abantu emidala angagonywa ngeendleko zabo.

Inkqubo iyafumaneka na imini yakho oyikhethayo. Emva ugonyo lokuqala kuya kufuneka benze ezimbini nangaphezulu. One - ngenyanga, yesibini - iinyanga ezintandathu kamva. Ugonyo yeyona ndlela inokuthenjwa ukukhusela nxamnye hepatitis virus B.

Uthintelo Non-ngqo sohlobo B

Ukuvimbela nonspecific of HBV ziquka ukugcina abantu olunzulu:

• asebenzise ibhrashi kuphela wakhe, izixhobo nail, Njengesitshetshe sokuguya, ikama, njl .;
• nokuba izinto zabo (i manicure enye iseti) kufuneka njalo iintsholongwane;
• sebenzisa magciwane esebenzayo;
• iindlebe ababuleweyo, wenze tattoo kunye ebalekayo, nesendlu ezivavanyiweyo kuphela igama elihle;
• ngesondo elikhuselekileyo, nangona 100% isiqinisekiso nto ayithethi (ngamathe, ukubila kunye bonke ulwelo na medium of the data intsholongwane), ngako oko akufuneki ukuba baphathe kakubi;
• sebenzisa iisirinji ezilahlwayo kuphela xa injecting.

Siza kuxoxa nawe yintoni na ingozi intsholongwane sohlobo B. Yintoni na - ngoku icacile. Njengazo naziphi na ezinye izifo, kulula ukunqanda kunokuba ukwenza izifundo elide yonyango. Ukuthobela amanyathelo alula zothintelo kuya kunceda ukukhusela nxamnye hepatitis B. Yiba esempilweni!