Melena - iyeza leyo? Uphawu nawuphi sifo melena?

Xa yezonyango, kukho amagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo kakhulu namabinza. Ukuze ukwazi kuzo zonke umntu abanakukwazi. Kweli nqaku mnye, ndifuna ukuthetha into melena amayeza.

le nkcazelo

Ukuqala ukuqonda ingxaki kufuneka abe iinkcazelo nezimaphambili ezingundoqo. Ngapha koko, ekuphela kwendlela ukumisela umyalelo yintoni eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku zingeniswe. Ngoko ke, melena - into ebizwa ngokuba yi-Khanihlale zonyango indle emnyama. Le isitulo ndiseyimbumba kunye livumba uyanuka kakhulu.

Kutheni omnyama?

Ukuqonda ukuba melena - isitulo ekhethekileyo amayeza, kufuneka bathi amagama ambalwa malunga isizathu sokuba uyakwazi ukufumana umbala. Ngoko ke, sigcine ukufumana umbala njengesihlalo kwimeko ukopha esiswini okanye emva kokungenisa igazi labantu (umz, nokopha). ilindle Black ngenxa emanzini intsimbi, olwenzeka emva abasabela ngayo emanzini kunye mpilo.

Usengaphinda ukuvela nini melena? Izizathu oku ngokuthatha amayeza athile. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze isebenze carbon, lithetha "bismuth" okanye amalungiselelo zentsimbi. Kulo mzekelo, endleni uba umbala omnyama, kodwa asinayo entanjeni lacquer.

Isizathu 1. edla igazi

Ukuqonda ukuba melena - a khawuhlale ilindle zonyango, kufuneka kwakhona ndithi kuni ngakumbi malunga nezizathu ukwenzeka kwayo. Ngoko ke, lo isigulane kuginya kuphela igazi labo. Oku kwenzeka kwezi meko zilandelayo:

1. Hemoptysis.
2. Nokopha.

2. Cause yangaphakathi

Umzekelo, kukhokelela kubukho le nkinga izifo zangaphakathi ezahlukeneyo. Kungaba legazi esiswini, okwenzeka mihla ngenxa yomhlaza isisu, ukhukuliseko etsolo, izilonda Peptic, UMallory-Weiss syndrome, kunqabile - okungahambi nemithambo. Ngamana ibe unobangela ukopha esophageal. Kwiimeko ezinjalo sithetha izifo ezifana umhlaza kuvuleke iminxunya, reflux esophagitis, varices esophageal. Ukongeza, kukho nangoku opha emathunjini duodenum amancinci. Ezi isenokuba izifo ezifana nezilonda Peptic, fistulas, kubazali bakhe.

Isizathu 3. ekunqandeni

Ukuba umntu ukopha yokudla, inokuba kwakhona kwenzeke ingxaki ezifana melena. Kulo mzekelo, oogqirha ukuthetha thrombocytopenia, ngokokugqama okanye amanxeba ezahlukeneyo esibindini.

Isizathu 4. Imithi

Ngaphandle kokuba zenzeke abamnyama mayidlule isitulo leswikulu ukuthatha amayeza athile kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, kwaye sibe unobangela amalungiselelo zilandelayo:

1. "Aspirin" amayeza.
2. arhente hormone.
3. Anticoagulants.
4. amachiza Anti-ukudumba (non-steroidal).

ezinye izizathu

Ukuyiqonda into melena (oku kubhekiselwe kuyo amayeza njengoko ilindle abamnyama), kufuneka kwakhona kuthiwa ukuba unobangela wale ngxaki inokuba kwale miqathango ilandelayo:

1. Ukutya izixa enkulu yewayini ebomvu.
2. Uremia, t. E. Isifo xa umntu wadliswa iimveliso protein ukutya.
3. Isizathu abe iintlobo yeengxaki zomzimba nokuqina.

Ukuhlolisisa yesigulana

Indlela ephambili yokufumanisa imiba efana melena - eli zoviwo nokwangasese nomonde. Ukuba asifumaneki, kodwa isigulane ubanga ukuba ilindle Khanihlale mazenziwe uviwo efakwa. Kwimeko enjalo uya izithole iindonga endleni ezinqeni yaye kuphandwa. Ukongeza, ukuba iimpawu umntu melena, nto leyo kule meko kwakhona zenzeka:

1. isikhumba Pale.
2. Niphele.
3. Ukuncitshiswa amanqanaba haemoglobin egazini.
4. Goqa, t. E. ukusilela intliziyo ngesiquphe.
5. Umbala ekhethekileyo inwebu yangaphakathi.
6. izinga intliziyo Ukuncipha.

Zonke ezi mpawu kungenzeka ingxaki ezifana melena, ngenxa yokuba esona sizathu siphambili livela zonke iintlobo ukopha lwangaphakathi, nto leyo ebangela iimpawu ezifanayo.

Melena e kubelekwa

Le ngxaki kwenzeka kuphela abantu abadala, kodwa imvuthuluka kuzalwa. Kulo mzekelo, iingcali bahlule phakathi melena lokwenyaniso nolobuxoki.

1. True. Kunokwenzeka ukuba usana ucazululo iinkqubo igazi ekunqandeni. Ngelo xesha elinye umntwana uya wopha inxeba yosana, ukuze ukugabha igazi, ukopha amehlo apha esikhumbeni.
2. Wamanga. Oku kwenzeka ukuba usana ngexesha nokuwela emjelweni ukuzalwa waginya igazi koomama. Kwakhona kuthi ngenxa yokuncanca ibele xa umama oncancisayo kufuneka ezophayo ingono aqhekekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, lo mntwana usiginye igazi labo kwimeko, umzekelo, ukuthetha kwam ngeempumlo mucosal ukopha okanye umonakalo.

Kukho kwakhona ukuba sikhankanye ukuba kufuneka mazingabhidaniswa melena meconium, ithe yokuqala usana, nayo leyo ibe umbala emnyama kunye uzinzo efanayo.

Melena abantwana abadala

Zenzeka ilindle nihlale nazo abantwana besebancinane abadala. Kule meko kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba kuthi ukuba umntwana ngamnye ethile yophela ngaphakathi. Unobangela ukopha iqhelekileyo uba Meckel diverticulum (a ukuyilwa enaso, Buze iindonga ileum). Xa sincokola ngayo abantwana, ukopha ukuba amaninzi enkulu, ekhokelele ekunyukeni kabukhali kwegazi. Noko ke, Amaxesha amaninzi, ilindle hlalani emnyama ebantwaneni kwenzeka emva ukwenzakala impumlo ngexesha lomdlalo. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana usela nje ngegazi lakhe, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukuvela le ngxaki.

Da le ngxaki

Ukuba melena umntu, kufuneka unyango kwenziwa kuphela phantsi kweliso labezempilo. Self-amayeza kulo mzekelo, kunokuba yingozi kakhulu hayi kuphela zempilo kodwa ubomi yomguli (kuba oku isitulo ikakhulu kwenzeka ngenxa ukopha lwangaphakathi ezahlukeneyo). Ukuba ingxaki loo elibhaqiweyo, kufuneka ngoko nangoko ubize inqwelo yezigulana. Emva koko, oogqirha baya kakhulu kuthunyelwa njengesigulana esibhedlele yotyando. Kukho iimviwo ezithile endoscopic olungxamisekileyo kufuneka kwenziwe:

1. Colonoscopy.
2. endoscopy Upper.

Ngenxa yophando umthombo kulawuleke ukopha ezichongiweyo. Uya kuphoswa yonke imikhosi ukuba ayeke le ukopha. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu yonxunguphalo kufuneka akhumbule ukuba ngeli xesha akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo isidlo. Ukuba kakhulu ufuna ukusela, uyakwazi amanzi abandayo kuphela kwii-SIP ezincinane. Well kulo mzekelo kwi esiswini kwakhona wabeka Imiqulu ice.