Harbin ezinika. History of Harbin

isixeko lesiTshayina iingcambu Russian - kangaka wabhekisela Harbin. Izazinzulu bathi, becaphula ubungqina elitsha umbono othile. A tour Harbin ethandwayo ezingaguquguqukiyo kunye baseRashiya.

indaba

Kukho iingongoma ezimbini ezingundoqo zomboniso kuthelekiswa kwi siseko mzi. oosonzululwazi Russian bathi Harbin yasekwa njenge wokwenziwa abakhi ye-Chinese Mpuma Railway. Kule Uxhulumaniso umhla imbonakalo mzi-25 Meyi 1898. iingcali Chinese baveza ukuba ukuya kule xesha endaweni Harbin na lali, ukuze ngalo mhla uyakwazi unxulumanise kuphela ekuqaleni kwexesha 'Russian ". Iimpikiswano ku omabini iingxabano musa ukuyeka, kodwa ukukhanyela ukuba imbali ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane ngokusondeleyo inxulumene kuwo umzi ne-Russia, nje engaqhelekanga.

Ngenxa yoko, ulwakhiwo la ngokuqinileyo efanisa umntla-China kunye kwilizwe elingummelwane, buthathaka ifuthe apha eYurophu nase- Japan. Ngoko ke, imbonakalo kaloliwe waba umcimbi na izibonelelo kangaka nje nkqubo. Kakade ke, yena enxulumene eSiberia nakwiMpuma Ekude yaye ube Umthambo yothutho ebalulekileyo, kodwa ngokuba lukhuni lobudlelwane neTshayina, kakhulu, akanakuba Injongo yesibini.

Ekuqaleni, abantu, ukuthetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo, kuhlala Harbin ngokwahlukeneyo. Icala Russian kuvulwa izikolo zabo, bonke Imibhalo 'omkhulu onamandla ", nkqu zibukeke yahluke nto ibalasele ngamandla avela kwisithili sesibini. Lo mkhuba waqhubeka emva Oktobha revolution, nto leyo yenze iziko yokushiywa eAsia esixekweni. Hi ndlela leyi, ngaxa lithile, yena phantse yaba eSoviet - ekuqaleni mvukelo, ngokukhuthazwa yamaBolshevik-nye abantu, iye zicinezelwa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukususela ngenkulungwane XX phakathi, abaphambukeli aye aqala ukuhamba Harbin, eshiya emva eRashiya okanye kwamanye amazwe. indima ebalulekileyo kule, mhlawumbi wayedlala ubumpi ukwanda Chinese kubantu bolunye uhlanga - Russian akusoloko baziphethe kakuhle kunye onke. Kodwa sizathu yaba intengiso Japan, inxalenye yiSoviet kwepropati kweso sixeko.

modernity

Umzi eyahlukileyo. Akukho nto ibonisa ukuba kwimbali Harbin Wayeqhogene nge "umzalwana umdala", njengoko eSoviet Union wayedla ngokuthi Chinese. Ingaba ukuba inani bolunye uhlanga, kuquka izithethi Russian ngabona.

Modern Harbin likomkhulu kwiPhondo Heilongjiang, ibekwe umntla-China. lwabemi beli abantu malunga 10 million, nangona imozulu kakhulu kwilizwekazi kunye nobusika ngqwabalala. Kuyinto iziko kwezoqoqosho nezamashishini ebalulekileyo of China. Kwaye nguye - yeyona ethandwa phakathi kubakhenkethi Russian. Ngoko ke, izinto onokuzifumana abahambi Harbin?

izinto

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba 'Russian xesha "kwimbali sele kudala yaphela, nangoku oma into aqhelekileyo inkangeleko mzi. Kuninzi esele kutshatyalaliswa, kodwa ezinye izakhiwo bahlala bunjalo:

• Central Street (Zhong Dojo). Abahamba zone ubude 1.4 km kukho imyuziyam wokwenene izakhiwo evulelekile. Ku ezixineneyo kakhulu, kuba nkqu bomthonyama aba wayeyoliswa kakhulu ukuhamba.
• Church of Hagia uSophia. Le yenye izakhiwo ezimbalwa Orthodox eseleyo kwi Harbin. Ngaphakathi, Noko ke, akukho nto ifana ecaweni rhoqo - iifoto oluboniswe obonisa ixesha i "Russian" kwimbali mzi.
• New Synagogue. White yokushiywa evela eRashiya, Kakade ke, kuquka amaYuda. Kwaye esi sakhiwo imiboniso, ebalisa ubomi babo Harbin. Kufutshane nazo yesikhungu endala kunye nesikolo yamaYuda.
• TV Tower. "Abalandeli" - ligama esi sakhiwo. Kuyinto injengenqaba iphezulu ophuma ezintsimbini mpumalanga Asia. Phezulu yokutyela olujikelezayo, kwaye abo ngokwaneleyo ubuhle bemini ezintle ukusuka window, ungakwazi ukuya eluphahleni.
• Island Sunny. Kukho ipaki, efana kakhulu ukuba atyelele abantu basekuhlaleni, ukufota esi sibini. Kukho kwakhona iseli protein, nezamaxhamakazi, ichibi kunye Ufudo.
• Park amahlosi. Ezi zilwanyana ezintle ehlabathini akukho kakhulu kakhulu, kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu ithuba ukubabona endaweni yawo yemvelo ngokuthi wayekhwele ibhasi efakwe ngokupheleleyo kulo myezo. Unga nokuba ukondla izilwanyana, ngoko ke utyelele le ndawo ngokuqinisekileyo kunomvuzo.

Amawaka abakhenkethi kufika unyaka ngamnye ukuya Harbin. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo bahambela, ngexesha buyisela, abaninzi kangaka ukubuyela apha kwakhona. Not indima mncinane kule wayedlala kwimithendeleko yaminyaka le.

izenzakalo

Enye imisebenzi kubakhenkethi kakhulu umdla kuphela e Harbin, kodwa zonke of China, Ngumthendeleko adumileyo ikhephu, iqhwa ibanjwa apha nyaka ngamnye. Imbali yale holide ebuyela amashumi amathathu, kodwa kutshanje kuphela oko fumene isikali yangoku.

15 000 abakroli abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ngonyaka ngamnye ekuqaleni kuDisemba, beza Harbin ukubonisa izakhono zabo, ukuba yakhiwe, umzekelo,-manzi emine sculpture okanye woxande olude abade isakhiwo sebali ezintlanu. Ukuvulwa ngokusesikweni lwetheko ebibanjwe ngomhla we-5 Januwari. De malunga yoo-Februwari, yonke Island Sunny iba eyenza yokwenene zasebusika. Akumangalisi ke, waya Harbin uyathandwa yasebusika, kunye nabahambi bayavuma ukuba anyamezele ebandayo kunye moya elide ukufumana apha.

Noko ke, asiyiyo isiganeko kuphela etsala abantu abavela kumazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo. International Beer Festival e Agasti, i-July Music Competition, i Festival zezibane i-Chinese Year New - konke oku ifanelwe kutyelela Harbin na. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Kakade ke, nayo umdla, kodwa isiganeko emibalabala yonyaka yinto enkulu.

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo endaweni

imizi emikhulu kufuphi Harbin hayi, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba yokuhamba ngaphandle komzi angafanele ngayo. Hayi kude kude kukho iindawo ezininzi ezinkulu ski qokelela ezininzi ezemidlalo eyingozi. Ngenxa awayezonwabisa ebusika esinye isizathu ukutyelela Harbin. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo, ke zona ezingabonwayo eYurophu, amaxabiso aphantsi, uthungelwano zokuhamba olubanzi - abakhenkethi ezivela East Far i ukhetho kakhulu zombini elifutshane elide ngokwaneleyo ukuze uhambo.

iziseko

Kuba abantu abaninzi kwinxalenye yaseYurophu ilizwekazi phantse lonke Asia - nto Far East. Imizi eduze, ngoko kengoku ucinga ukusuka Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky ukuya eBeijing linokufikeleleka ngebhasi. Kakade ke, oko akunjalo. Kwaye esondele Harbin iidolophu ezinkulu Russian - Vladivostok - imalunga nama-500 km.

Noko ke, ukufumana apha kulula, kuba isixeko yothutho hub emikhulu. Harbin ( "Taiping" moya) lamkela moya kwiinkampani ngamazwe, ezifana "Aeroflot", Air France, KLM, Air China kunye nabanye abaninzi. Le yenye aviagavaney likhulu kumntla-mpuma lizwe.

Apha kukho isikhululo enkulu, nge esiqeqesha kwizixeko ezininzi Chinese. Kwixa elizayo sihlelwe ukuba alungiselele ngendlela ngesantya esiphezulu Kazakhstan. Ngoko ke, uphuhliso lwezibonelelo zothutho e Harbin iqhuba kakuhle ngokupheleleyo.