Georgy Tovstonogov (1915-1989), ithiyetha mlawuli: biography, ubuchule

Georgiy Aleksandrovich Tovstonogov - eSoviet umlawuli yeqonga, Artist Abantu ngayo waseUSSR, Dagestan kunye Georgia, kwakunye oyiphumeleleyo iimbasa ezininzi, kuquka uLenin Stalin.

usapho

George Tovstonogov wazalwa ngo-1915 e Georgia, e Tbilisi. Esi sixeko siya kuba negalelo yokwenene kuqala umlawuli elizayo. Uyise bengenanto yakwenza yeqonga okanye umdlalo nokwenza, kodwa umsebenzi ohlawulayo ngelo xesha yaye yabamba nesikhundla ngokwanelisayo phezulu. Alexander Tovstonogov wayesebenza injineli kaloliwe yaye umsebenzi elihlonelwayo Georgian Ministry of Railways.

Kodwa ke unina, ngokungafaniyo noyise, waba ngumntu creative ubomi bakhe. Tamara Papitashvili wayeyimvumi lenene, eyaqinisekisa ngokusesikweni idiploma yakhe ukusuka St. Petersburg Conservatory. E George lo dade Natela omncinane ukuba wathi, njengomntwana, kwaye babe nobomi abadala njengoko umfazi zolinganiso UYevgeny Lebedev, wayemthanda kakhulu yaye ehlonelwa umninawa wakhe wayesoloko wamonga kuqala, uze emva koko njengoko kumakazi oonyana bakhe.

union

Njengomntu omdala, George Tovstonogov, ubomi lakhe siqu ayikho luninzi kakhulu, wayefuna ukwenza usapho olunye, yaye yena ngokwakhe, kodwa oku kuyimfuneko ukufumana iqabane befanelekile. Umntu, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwasekuqaleni, kwafuneka ukuba umfazi wayo njengaye, njalo ukuba nobuchule. Ngenxa yoko, umfazi wakhe wokuqala wayengumfundi theatre yakhe ukuze ubazi ngakumbi Kancheli. Umtshato kwenzeka ngo-1943, kodwa intsapho yonwabe zange kube kudala, ngo-1945 i-sibini wafaka for umtshato. Ukanti umfelandawonye Kancheli idlale indima enkulu kubomi yomlawuli: umtshato wamnika oonyana ababini - uNicholas Alexandra.

Ngowe-1958 Tovstonogov Georgiy Aleksandrovich wagqiba litshate kwakhona. Kwakhona, ukukhetha kwakhe yawa umdlali. Kunye ne Innoy Kondratevoy mntu waphila iminyaka 4 bahlulekile ukuba ukugcina usapho - umtshato itshitshisiwe ngo-1962.

Njengayo nayiphi na ubuntu yeqonga, biography BDT ezele mathuba eziqaqambileyo kunye namabali yobomi bakhe, zombini lobuqu bezobugcisa. Yaye oko bekuya kuba wasemzini ukuba biography yomlawuli enkulu iye yaphela ngaphandle phambili abantwana bakhe nabazukulwana bakhe.

Xa ekhondweni likayise kunye notatomkhulu wakhe waya uAleksandr Georgievich Tovstonogov kunye nonyana wakhe Tovstonogov Georgiy Aleksandrovich Jr .. Bobabini baye bahlanganisa ubomi babo ndawo waza waba-kakuhle director yeqonga.

Ubutsha mlawuli

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, George Tovstonogov wazalelwa Tiflis. Ngaphambili, ubudala babo aye esikolweni, yaye ngo-15 ubudala siphele. Nokuba ke, mfana kakhulu umlawuli elizayo engalawulekiyo ingqalelo yokubonela, apho umalume wakhe ukusebenza. Ke usapho, ingakumbi uyise, unyana kudala kuyenye indlela yobomi. Kuba engafuni ukuba iphikisane umntu omaziyo, Tovstonogov ufika e Tbilisi Railway Institute, apho ngovuyo lwama uyise - intloko omnye kwalelo khono.

Kodwa yintoni omele uyenze njani into esusa bonke amandla kuzisa na? Hayi kunyaka ophelileyo, Tovstonogov ishiya Institute, yaye ngowe-1931 amalungiselelo omdlali kunye nomncedisi nakumlawuli, Theatre for Young Abantu Tbilisi. Head ebusweni NY Marshak uthe ubuchule nangoko oncomekayo umdlali entsha, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ngowe-1933 wayenikwe Georgiyu Tovstonogovu ubambe bonisa yakhe yokuqala ngokuba "isindululo" (ngokutsho imveliso Antona Pavlovicha chehova).

Ukufundisisa ku GITIS

Emva kokuba impumelelo yokusebenza kwakhe kukhanya umlawuli nethemba olunye amathamsanqa. Ngowe-1933 yena wangena GITIS, kodwa ubudala yokungena ukuya kwiziko ilinganiselwe, yenza umdlali enkulu elizayo ukwakha amaxwebhu zabo, bebanika ngokwayo kwiminyaka emi-2. Wafundisa kwi odumileyo GITIS lo gama abalawuli nootitshala yokubonela AM Lobanov and AD Popov. Ababhalise esikolweni ngamaphupha abo, amagqabi Tovstonogov yeqonga yabo yokuqala, awawabeka yena iinyawo zakhe - Ithiyetha for Abantu Abaselula, ngenxa yemidlalo yeqonga kwakhona kwaye kwakhona ukubonisa nemidlalo ezintsha.

Ngowe-1937, kwenzeka into kwakuya waphupha Tovstonogov kuphela kuhlukunyezwa kakhulu ezimbi - ngenxa ingcinezelo kayise George Tovstonogov wabhengezwa unyana ka lutshaba abantu nababingeleli, kube mfani kunyaka-4 GITISa Man agxothwe. Emva eziliqela iinzame nganto ukubuyela ummangaliso yokwenene yenzeka kwinkqubo cast. Kwaye baba bashiya ngempazamo amazwi kaYosefu Stalin, inkokeli abantu belo xesha, "UNyana uyise ayiphenduli". Ngenxa yoko, umlawuli lifinyele, kwaye yakhiwe uphetha GITIS.

Qala imisebenzi ukuqondisa

Ngowe-1938-1946 gg. Tovstonogov wayesebenza kule Theatre iTbilisi Drama ogama emva AS Griboyedov. Kuloo minyaka efanayo, ithi Artist Abantu ngayo USSR A. Khorava ekuvumela uthathe Georgy Alexandrovich ekufundiseni omnye amaqela abadlali '. Ukususela ngoko, kwi-BDT aqalile ukuqaphela kumlawuli yobungcali.

ezinkundleni eMoscow

Ngowe-1946, lo mlawuli ishiya lweenkobe Georgia wakhe izama ukoyisa ndawo zemidlalo Russian. Tovstonogov efika e Moscow, apho ithatha ukhokelo yi zemidlalo eziliqela. Inzondelelo nophuculo oluqhubekayo iindlela zayo nokusebenza kunye neenkqubo abadlali zikhokelele kwinto yokuba ukususela ngowe-1946 ukuya 1949 Tovstonogov Georgiy Aleksandrovich, ngoku kuthwelwe ngeziganeko ezahlukeneyo ngokulinganayo kweliso kakuhle zemiboniso ezimbini ubomi lakhe siqu - i-Central abantwana laza lakhenketha zinjalo.

Leningrad zemidlalo

Ukususela ngo-1949, lo mlawuli luhlala kwi komkhulu benkcubeko Russia - eLeningrad, ngoku St. Petersburg. Kulo nyaka, waba ngomnye ngabalawuli 1950 - umlawuli oyintloko iLeningrad Theatre of the Lenin Komsomol. Kule nkundla Tovstonogov ekugqibeleni ufumana ekhaya: ukusebenza sincedisane nokwenziwa, besiza abaku ngokutsha, ukuphucula izakhono zabo - konke oku wanika Georgy Alexandrovich ulonwabo kakhulu.

Kuba umsebenzi wabo best Tovstonogov imbasa Stalin Lenin Amabhaso, ngoku ngasinye sokwenziwa komsebenzi wakhe kwimfuno kungekuphela kwesinye isixeko, kodwa kulo lonke elo lizwe.

Ekuqaleni 1956 George Tovstonogov - umlawuli ngonobumba omkhulu - uyamenywa ukuba akhokele Drama Big Theatre (BDT njl) Gorky. Ukususela ngowe-1949 ukuya 1956 yemidlalo yeqonga satshintsha abalawuli ubuncinane ezine. Kwakuthetha enye into: yokubonela wayeka umsebenzi ngaphandle kokuba umntu isisikhokelo.

Drama Big Theatre (BDT) kubo. BDT

Iminyaka 6 umsebenzi ngumlawuli we-iLeningrad Theatre of the Lenin Komsomol George Tovstonogov, ubomi lwangasese ngoku ukuzilolonga rhoqo, waphumelela ukuqondwa hayi nje kuluntu, kodwa abo ezinye iithiyatha eRashiya, ukuze ubukhulu bakhe kwenye zinkundla abadumileyo kweli lizwe yaqinisa kuphela ngokunxulumene nabantu kuye.

Hayi uvumela nangoko, umlawuli kusekho iphethwe Ithiyetha Februwari 13, 1956. Kwacaca mhlophe ukuba ukuze ukubuyisela ubume BDT Kwakufuneka iindlela ezinkulu, kwaye Tovstonogov wawasebenzisa. On nemiyalelo yakhe, loo nto bakuba bebabethe off ngaphezu kwesiqingatha yentloko ebambeleyo qembu waza wamema abadlali ezininzi ezintsha. Ubomi le ndawo kwakungu kubantu kwakhona, njengokwemihla yamandulo.

Ixesha lokuqala kumabala emidlalo ukwenza ezine ezitsha zanikelwa, nganye kuzo apho ngokufudumeleyo ezifunyenwe yi kuluntu. Ngokuthe ngcembe, lo mphathi yakwazi kwakhona bafake kungena maka, yemidlalo ababukeli bayo iqhekeza yenzondelelo, leyo ezendeleyo kwindawo yokubonela njalo. Kodwa oku zange ayeke nomlawuli.

Njengoko umlawuli we Theatre Tovstonogov Wakhonza phantse 33 wonyaka - nonyaka yonke ngakumbi nangakumbi ke waphakamisa isimo sakhe emehlweni Russia ngoku nje kuphela kodwa ihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yoko, le nkundla, nto leyo eyaba intsapho yakhe, wagabadela igama lakhe: BDT kubo. BDT.

ozothatha Ufanele

Qhubeka ukuze umlawuli umcimbi uhlobo BDT wathabatha ababini kuphela: unyana ka yomlawuli kunye nomzukulwana wakhe. Kakade ke, naziphi wayengengombukeli weza ingcamango ukuthelekisa ngesandla sabo. Ukuba unyana ekhethe isimbo ayaba kancinane, umzukulwana, a nobizo ngokupheleleyo George Alexandrovich, singazi, ukhangeleka engaqhelekanga ngqo yimveliso. Ngelishwa, isakhono ye umzukulwana enkulu BDT waye olusana. Ngo-2012, njengoko umfana, George Tovstonogov Jr. wafa.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

De kokufa kwakhe, George Tovstonogov waya yokubonela, babehlala yaye umphefumlo yeqonga neziveliso.

May 23, 1989 kwi-BDT ukuze kubanjelwa kwi iphambili umdlalo entsha. umlawuli Chief umhla elimisiweyo, yaye ehleli emotweni yakhe, wabagxotha ekhaya ... Noko ke, akazange afumane ukuya kusapho. Xa imoto street wayeka. George Tovstonogov, indoda wachitha ubomi bakhe bonke phezu kweqonga waza emva Izigcawu yimincili yomnye umntu, ogama lokudala amathuba watsala liphuma enzonzobileni sobomi ngoku nkundla enkulu likhanya ngakumbi, wafela kuloo ndawo. Yaba kwinkumbulo yexesha kuphela ngaye umntu emangalisayo ubomi ngoku yaye uya kuphila ngonaphakade.