Georgian Military Road - imbali kunye modernity. State, izithuthi, imozulu, udlula indawo kwimaphu Georgian Military Road

Georgian Military Road ubude ngqo yeekhilomitha 192. Ngowe-1799, ngokutsho komhla abalawuli kuwo uhlengahlengiso unxibelelwano ungaphazanyiswa. Mileage ibhalwa endleleni. Ukuba ukhetha ukuphuma ngeenyawo okanye ngebhasi, ungabona umqondiso emhlophe. Kwicala ngalinye neekhilomitha okuphawulekayo Tbilisi kunye Ordzhonikidze. Apha Sivela Georgian Military Road, ethe imephu kwi ebomini.

Overview

Georgian Military Road (umfanekiso eboniswe ngezantsi) ihamba nge kwizithili ezine zolawulo alo ilizwe: Tbilisi, Dusheti, weMtskheta kunye Kazbek. Ukwakhiwa imimandla data labemi ibhekisela ezo ndawo ngenkcazo njengoko Mtiuleti, Kartli kunye Mohevi. Nomsebenzi iphambili balapha ukuba ulimo kunye nezilwanyana ukulima umhlaba. Ngoku iilali ezininzi kakhulu zisebenza amashishini amancinci ukuba bazibandakanya processing of izinto kwezimbiwa ekrwada kunye neemveliso zolimo.

ongakhetha mihla

Georgian Military Road namhlanje yindlela mfutshane ukusuka Ordzhonikidze ukuya Tbilisi, okanye ngolunye uhlobo. 5:00 - eli xesha lininzi apho zingaphunyezwa, ukongeza, kubalulekile kakhulu lula. Thelekisa: ubude zikaloliwe imalunga 1400 km, kwaye ukwenza olo hambo, ingathatha ukuya kwiiyure 35.

Indlela iqala entlanjeni lomlambo Terek, ngoko liphuma ngaphezu kwayo, udlula emaweni kwimiwonyo, ndinalo ukuya Cross Pass. Georgian Military Road obunokumhlela umfula Aragvi, apha luphuma Mletsky ukwehla. Ke uyakhula abe banzi. Kwicala ungabona isithuba tyaba evulekileyo, oluphahlwe imiyezo kunye nezitiya. Ke ekhohlo, ngoko ekunene kwambanekela zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba ukuhlangabezana yamandulo ikomkhulu Georgia - Mtseha. Elwenzile ethutha phesheya Kura, ooPawulos ukufika Tbilisi. ubuhle bemvelo, neentaba - konke oku kwenza kube lula ukuba balobe Georgian Military Road namhlanje. Imozulu ziyatshintsheka, ngosuku ecacileyo uyakwazi ukubona zonke ubuhle ndawo.

ulwazi zembali

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo wayesaziwa indlela enqamleza ngomfula Aragvi kunye Terek. In yemihla yamandulo sitshilo ngale ndlela. Xa isincoko malunga Iberia mbali ongumGrike uStrabo wabhala kuwo njengoko ntaba iyingozi kwaye kunzima endleleni. Abahambi, eyayisuka ukuya le ndlela, yaba kohambo olude. kwafuneka ukuba benyuka ecaleni kweendlela, elimxinwa ukuba bakhululekile ukuba phula abantu ababini Yayingekho. Wozisibekekisa ibekwe kwi Daryal Gorge, kwi band kakhulu ingafikeleleki kwaye elimxinwa. Le ndawo yaziwa ngokuba "esangweni eGeorgia." Ukungqinwa oku encwadini yeembali. Bathi ukuba zizizwe zalapho ukusuka kwicala langasentla ahlasela rhoqo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ingqibo omnye wookumkani Georgian inxalenye kwaza ye gorge Darubal wayebekwe amatye. Kamva omnye nqaba yakhiwa namawa eziphakamileyo. emasangweni zomthi, intsimbi-wambopha, wawuxhoma ematyeni Nyengane kufuphi kuyo. "Darian" ngolwimi Persian lithetha "kwiSango Alans". Kakade ekuqaleni ixesha lethu Alans lahlala phezu eCaucasus. Alwa imfazwe nokusingelwa kunye Iberia, esekelwe kwicandelwana Georgia, kuba ilifa kwentaba. Oku kungqinwa irekhodi yembali. Abantu tsalela gorge Aragviyskimi esangweni. Uqhekekile inqaba yamandulo kanye ibaluleke emkhosini, alondolozwa ukuze imihla yethu. Ngoku Georgian Military Road ubuxoki phakathi iimbono zibukekayo. Apha endleleni ungabona yinxalenye udonga empumalanga, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "Inqaba uTamara".

uphuhliso

Ixabiso lowo yesiGeorgia Military Road, liye landa kwexesha. Kumaxesha wobukhosi, lo zebhola yelizwe indima yalo njenge ngendlela yorhwebo aye anda kakhulu. Kwinkulungwane XVIII ubudlelwane Russian-Georgian sasondelelana, kunye nokusekwa elandelayo umfelandawonye yasemkhosini. Waza waqala kwisigaba esilandelayo zophuhliso emendweni. Ebudeni bokulawula uCatherine II wamajoni Russian bathunyelwa eGeorgia, lo gama ngexesha ukungqubana kwemihla Russian-Turkish amajoni Georgian wathabatha inxaxheba ekulweni baseTurkey kwi South eCaucasus. Kweli nqanaba, kwingoma kwakunzima kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Umendo ecaleni ukuba imazi umsebenzi onzima kunye inkunkuma enkulu kwexesha. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1799 umgama ukusuka Vladikavkaz ukuya Tbilisi wona Russian phantsi umyalelo Jikelele various baboyisa iintsuku ezingaphezu kwama-30.

ukubaluleka

Emva kokumiselwa manyano la mazwe mabini 'Georgian Military Road kuye kwayinto ukubaluleka enobuqhinga. Ngelo xesha ngokuba "Daryal". Iqalise inkqubo yokwakha, nto leyo efunekayo abaliqela mali embalwa. Kuba ukhuseleko lwabahambi zonke endleleni yaqala ukubonakala iinqaba. Le redoubt yokuqala yakhiwa kwasekuqaleni. Isakhiwo lwabandakanya yokomeleza nemboniselo yinqubo, apho kwakukho ikampu olukhuselayo. Ibekwe kufuphi zentselo kwendlela, apho abahambi adinwe ukuze batye yaye baphumle ngaphambi kokuba emva kohambo olude. iinqaba Military ebizwa redoubts, wamnika igama Redant zokuhlala. Ngasemzantsi yakhiwe Dzheharovskaya inqaba. amanxuwa ayo walondoloza unanamhla. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIX kwi Daryal Gorge wakha elinye inqaba, Wayefuna ukuba ikampu emkhosini. Le ngaphakathi anyamalala ngokupheleleyo, lo gama neendonga emi. Dusheti ukuya kwindlela lali langeniswa 1859. Emva kweminyaka emine, kuba kubanjwe emnyango elisemthethweni. Emva koko wavuka igama layo ngoku endaweni kobokuqala.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha WWII

Georgian Military Road wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Yaba le ndlela imfutshane odibanisa South Caucasus neCaucasus. WaseGeorgia phantsi Ukuhlasela zabahlaseli German zwilakhe. Amajoni elikhuselayo Ordzhonikidze, babulawa. Kwiindawo ezikufutshane yesiGeorgia Military Highway ukuya ngasentshona ngasentla, yaba imfazwe kakhulu anegazi evuthayo. Kwezi ndawo okuyiphatha phandle idabi yobugorha ukuba eCaucasus. Kwi ibhanki ngasezantsi Terek River kunye Urukh yakhethwa enye inombolo. Waphuma ukubunjwa ngcono zabahlaseli German zwilakhe. Emva kokuba umkhosi bababamba inxalenye Maikop kunye North Caucasus, bazama ukuya emasimini ngeoli Grozny uze ndihlekeze Baku, yaye ukusuka apho kwiindlela zomkhosi - eGeorgia.

Imvelaphi kunye nezisusa wokujoyina

imbali kaGeorge waqukumbela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII, wayila Protectorate Russian phezu Eastern eGeorgia. Kumazwe angabamelwane yesivumelwano eso kuye kwabangela igagasi ukunganeliseki. Ethunywe Turkey Dagestan imigulukudu kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba amalungiselelo ukuhlasela ebuhlungu. Ngowe-1795, imfazwe wamaPersi wayithimba Tbilisi, baphanga waza wazitshisa emhlabeni. Ubukumkani isongela intshabalalo. Population ukuhla lifikelele ingongoma ebalulekileyo. Ukumkani Georgian wokugqibela kwanyanzeleka ukuba acele uncedo oluvela kurhulumente Russian ukuze asindise kurhulumente ekutshatyalalisweni enobungozi kwaye ziphele.

Isigaba sokugcina

Ngowe-1801, ekugqibeleni eGeorgia wajoyina Russia. Le imanifesto sasayinwa kule September 12. Kule meko, kwaba isisombululo kuphela lizwe, ngenxa yabantu isongelwa amakhoboka iPersi ne Turkey. Ngelo xesha, uphuhliso zonqulo nezenkcubeko kwamazwe amabini aba efanayo kakhulu, lo gama kwinqanaba elifanayo. Ngaphezu koko, Russia unezixhobo amandla afunekayo unako ukudala iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso imikhosi imveliso karhulumente Georgian kwaye amanye ummandla abanemfundo.

izinto ezindawo

Ummandla esemantla ndlela kolona mmandla ngenkcazo ye Khevi. Eli gama ngolwimi Georgian lithetha "udonga". Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantu balapha ebizwa ngokuba mwonyo-amadoda okanye mohevtsami. Ke isithili kuthatha indawo kwama 1,000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Ibanga ukusuka kwidolophana Upper Lars ukuya Cross Pass. Inani labemi - malunga 9000 ngabantu. Nangokungqinelana nemigaqo yolawulo Heavy bobabo kwisithili Kazbegi, nto leyo ibandakanya ezimbini ezine ibhunga Ossetian kwilali Georgian. Kazbegi ngumbindi zolawulo lommandla. Kakhulu kutshanje, wakwazi ukufumana iwonga mzi. Kule Kazbegi ukhokela kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo owalathwe ilali. Le yokuhlala yokuqala kule ngingqi, ibekwe komwonyo ka Sno Gudashaurskoy Aragvi kunye Terek. Eqale kudala ngaphambi kwexesha lethu. eminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo yesithili Heavy yaqukwa kwi Duchy ka Aragvi. Kamva, oko similise kwindawo ezimeleyo yaye zahlulwe kwii ariya ezininzi. Ukuphakama phakathi kwabo behlelo kwisithili Edo, embindini leyo St. uStefano - igama yamandulo kwidolophu Kazbegi. Okuhlanganiswe igama yimonki owayekade usindiswe abemi kwilali kwizandyondyo.

ukuyila technical

Ngowe-1814, izithuthi kwi-Georgian Military Highway senziwa ukuba izithuthi ezinamavili. Kamva, oko waququzelela umyalezo ekhawulezayo e-mail ubotshiwe Tiflis eSt Petersburg. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, ngale ndlela ihashe liqhawuke inkonzo yeposi walungiswa. Kukugcina sicatshulwa rhoqo kwaye zikhuselekile kwaye zezo zifunekayo ukulungiswa rhoqo. Oko ke ngelo xesha i-Georgian Military Road? Isimo se ukupasa kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo exhaswa yi bendawo. iyingozi kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuba boyise nakwimimandla ejikelezileyo yaye Daryal Gorge na. Kweli nqanaba, kaninzi zenzeka izenzakalo ezifana zicima ikhephu zekhephu. Ukukhusela abahambi abanqumla engakhuselekanga zone, kwafuneka ukuba akhe gallery eziphathekayo.

Eliweni odumileyo

Ngqo emva abadlula ngendlela engumnqantsa kakhulu. Le Mletsky nokwehla odumileyo. Lowo ushiya meters ngaphezulu kwama-200 entilini emlanjeni Aragvi. Inkqubo yokwakha yayo kwi gqira zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Ukukhokela iprojekthi wayalela BI Statkovskogo. Emva injineli wabuya kuhambo ukuya eNtshona Yurophu, wamnika icebo kuvuselelwa iinqwelo wendlela. Le projekthi savunywa. Ukwakhiwa yathatha iminyaka emithandathu. Mletsky yokwehla elakhiwa endaweni iimeko ezinzima kakhulu kwaye iyingozi. Abakhi kwafuneka ukuba boyise imiqobo emininzi ukuze wazigawula amanyathelo baye ematyeni, nenokuthi ngokuzithemba ukugcina uzinzo kunye nomsebenzi. Noko ke, umphumo ufanelwe lonke udumo. nokwehla Mletsky ngumzekelo obalaseleyo zobugcisa zobunjineli ochaphazela olugudileyo imigca endlela. Ekupheleni ekuhleni kukho umthombo kunye echibini lokuqubha.

ezikhoyo ngoku

Ukususela ngo-2006, yi-Russia Georgian Military Road uvaliwe ukuba kangangexesha elingenammiselo. Isizathu ngokusesikweni zokumiswa yokuhamba waba kuvuselelwa idlule. Enyanisweni ukushiya Russian Federation eGeorgia yezothutho ezindleleni ngendlela ngokomthetho engenakwenzeka. Ngo-2010, igumbi lolawulo kwakhona waqalisa ukusebenza. Kuba Armenia, ukuvulwa yemida kunye kut- unxibelelwano kubaluleke kakhulu. Georgian Military Road uvulekile kwakhona, kwaye isinye kwisithathu impahla kwiriphabliki kaThixo kuthuthwa phezu nje.