Frederic Chopin: ibhayografi kwenye abaqambi kakhulu kwinkulungwane XIX

F. Chopin, engobomi leyo namhlanje ngumxholo incoko yethu - oku abanetalente umqambi Polish kunye nepiyano. Frederick wazalelwa Matshi 1, 1810 kwidolophu kufuphi Warsaw. Musical giftedness inkwenkwe ebonakaliswa ebuntwaneni ekuqaleni: xa wayeneminyaka emithandathu, wayekuthanda ukudlala ipiyano, ezama ukuqamba umculo ngokuzimeleyo. indima ebalulekileyo kule ebidlalwe ngutitshala wakhe, W. Zhivny.

Study and ekuqaleni indlela

Xa Frederick wayeneminyaka 8, waqala wathetha esidlangalaleni njengoko nomdlali. Ngelo xesha, Chopin, ogama biography njengoko umqambi iqala imidlalo ekuseni kakhulu, wayesele eziliqela, polonaises, yaye omnye Umkhosi wakhe.

Ukususela 1823 ukuya 1826 wafunda Warsaw Frederic kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, yaye ngoko nangoko nako ukungena Warsaw Higher School of Music. Phantse yonke imihla umthantamisi wakhe J. Elsner, utitshala abanetalente kunye nemvumi. Ngoncedo lwakhe, Chopin wabhala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala enkulu, phakathi kwabo - Imidlalo kwi Theme ngu Mozart, 1 Sonata, Nocturne e E Minor, Rondo (kubandakanywa Rondo for pianos ezimbini ..).

Ukuba wagqiba izifundo zakhe, Frederick wathumela eVienna (1829), nto leyo elenza imisebenzi yabo kuluntu. Emva konyaka, e Warsaw kuba kuyo ikonsathi baziqokeleleyo laba sisiqalo sothotho zomsebenzi solo.

period Viennese

Okulandelayo Chopin, ogama engobomi kwaye uhlala ndaba yokufunda labaphandi ezininzi, bafudukela ngaxa lithile e Vienna (1830-1831). Apha ebomini ngokoqobo uqalisa bilisa ngeenxa zonke kuye; umqambi oselula rhoqo ukuya ezahlukahlukeneyo iikonsathi, badibana izikhanyiso zehlabathi umculo kwelo xesha, ukutyelela zemiboniso, i ngxi kwindawo omhle umzi. Le meko yenza ukuba bazifumanele iitalente zabo ngendlela entsha, kwaye uyawakhuthaza ukuba imisebenzi emininzi emihle. Autumn 1831 Frederick idibana e Stuttgart. Kulapha kokunkwantyiswa naye iindaba yokusilela kwimvukelo ePoland kwaye ukuwa Warsaw. kamva Lichukunyiswe ziziganeko ezibuhlungu umqambi ekuthiwa 'revolution "Etude e C minor, kwakunye ezimbini isandulela ebuhlungu kakhulu - D engephi A minor. Uluhlu imisebenzi yakhe nayo ingeza Ikonsathi ezimbalwa ukwenzela ipiyano kunye okhestra, Polonaise for cello kunye Piano, iingoma Polish amazwi Mickiewicz kunye Witwicki kunye nezinye ezaqanjwa ezininzi ezimangalisayo.

liyaphila eParis

Le elandelayo Isigaba ibalulekileyo, nto leyo ethatha indawo Frederic Chopin, ogama engobomi sele ushiye uphawu yayo kwimbali Vienna - oko ubomi e Paris. Kulapha umqambi kunye nemvumi uqalisa ukuba basebenzisane ngokusondeleyo Liszt, Bellini, Berlioz, Mendelssohn. Nangona kunjalo, uluhlu kunxibelelwano ayiphelelanga kushishino lomculo. Frederick kwakhona happy ukunxibelelana ababhali abanetalente kunye namagcisa iibhrashi - Hugo, Balzac, Lamartine, Heine, Delacroix, George Sand. February 26, 1832, ikonsathi umqambi wokuqala e Paris, ngexesha kwayo lwenziwa ikonsathi ngenxa pianos ezimbini, kwakunye ezahlukeneyo kumxholo onjengokaMozart kaThixo "Don Giovanni."

Inani elikhulu eekonsathi kwenzeka ngo-1833-1835 gg. Kodwa ixesha ukususela 1836 ukuya 1837 baba zokugweba xa kubomi buqu umqambi: inxaxheba Maria Vodzinskiy itshitshisiwe, kwaye Chopin wenza abahlobo kunye George Sand.

ixesha "Golden" kwimbali bobuchule Chopin kaThixo

Nokugqama ephezulu bobuchule Chopin baqalisa iminyaka 1838-1846. Eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye onomtsalane imisebenzi yakhe zabhalwa ngeli thuba. Phakathi kwazo, - .. Sonata № 2 no № 3, iibhaladi, nocturnes scherzo Polonaise-iingcinga, Barcarolle, polonaises, preludes, mazurkas njl Winter Frederick ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutywa ngendlela Paris owuthandayo, kwaye ihlobo waya Nohant, estate of Zhorzh Sand. Kuphela ebusika omnye (1838-1839 gg.) Chopin kwanyanzeleka ukuba achithe ezantsi, Mallorca, ngenxa yempilo kabukhali isihla ngokuhla. Isendaweni kwisiqithi iSpanish, wakwazi ukugqiba foreplay 24 ngaphezulu.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Zahamba kube nzima ukuba umqambi ngoMeyi 1844 - lowo xa kwasweleka uyise, ukufa kwakhe Frederick wathabatha nzulu kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni phantsi ikhefu lakhe amandla kunye George Sand (1847), uthando ubomi bakhe. November 16, 1848, iqela Polish olwaqhubeka eLondon, Chopin engobomi elisekho epholileyo iintliziyo, wenza ngexesha lokugqibela. Emva koko, imeko yempilo abazange bamvumele ukuba nasiphi na isenzo okanye bazibandakanye nabafundi. Ebusika 1849, ekugqibeleni Frederick wehla. Akukho amaxhala abahlobo bokwenene, nkqu utyelelo Paris Ludovica - udade intanda umqambi - abasileleyo lula ukubandezeleka kwakhe, yaye emva lusizi enzima wafa. Kwathi-Oktobha 17, 1849.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iintsalela angathethekiyo ngokwenene yegalelo owasenzayo uphuhliso ubuchule lomculo Frederic Chopin. Biography emfutshane, Kakade, ngeke ukuchaza zonke imizuzu umdla yobomi bakhe. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi abaninzi baye bazama biographers ngokuchanekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba kukhulula umendo opheleleyo kule ubuntu obungaqhelekanga. Phakathi kwabo - I. Hitrik A. Solovtsov, L. Sinyaver, L. A. Mazel.