Forty Fortress: yiyiphi yeengcamango esondele kwi nyaniso?

Kwi-peninsula yaseCrimea, kwingingqi yaseBakhchsarai, kukho indawo emangalisayo - eKalkulle-Burun ngokukhawuleza umlambo waseBelbek ngeenyawo. Itholakala ngaphaya kweekhilomitha ukusuka kwidolophana yaseMalae Sadovoe. Igama le-Cape liguqulela ngokuthi "iNqaba iNtshona Koloni," kungekhona ngeze. Imi kwiqonga elimangalisayo laseSuren. Kule mini linye yezona zincinci, eziyimfihlelo kunye nezimangalisa zaseCrimea zakudala.

Indaba efuna ukwazi

Kuze kube ngoku, izazinzulu abazi ukuba ngowona nyaka okanye ubuncinci inkulungwane kwinqaba yaseSyuren yayakhiwe. Uninzi lwababhali-mbali lubambelela kwixesha eliphakathi kwe-VI-XII yeenkulungwane, okuyi-X yenkulungwane. Kukholelwa ukuba yakhiwa yiByzantines, eyayingowesizwe saseCrimea ngelo xesha.

Umsebenzi owona mkhulu wenkqantosi yayikukhuselwa kweziko leCrimea eGothia kunye nokulawulwa okufanayo kwendlela ekhokelela kwiSouth Bank. Ibhinti, apho indlela eya kwinqaba, ibizwa ngokuba yiTürks yase-Altyn-Isar-Bogaz. Ukuhumusha kubonisa imfihlo yegama le nqaba ngokwayo. NgesiRashiya kuyavakala ngathi "inqanawa eya kwiNqaba yeGolide".

Iimpawu zendawo yokuhlala yasezidolophini

Ngekhulu le-13, inqaba yaseSyri (eCrimea) ibonakala njengedolophu encinci. Ngeli xesha lilapha i-castle yenkosi yama-feudal, eneendawo zokuhlala ezisemaphandleni kwinqanaba le-Cape. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesihlanu, isakhiwo senqaba sasiwela ezandleni ze-feodorites. Ngoku oku kungummandla osenyakatho we-nqununu. Kulo lonke ixesha lokufumana la mazwe kwimeko ka-Theodoro, iimbali-mlando kunye nabavubukuli baye baqaphela ukuchuma okukhulu kwesi sixeko kunye nokukhula kwentlalo yabemi bayo.

Ukuthobela

Izazi-mlando zithi amaqela aseTurkey awanqoba inqaba yaseSyuren ngo-1475. Ukususela ngoko, phantse akukho nto ichaza ngayo. Kukho ezinye iingcamango malunga nokuhlala kwezi ndawo iCrimea isilungele iScivarin. Mhlawumbi kwakukho inkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo.

Nangona kukho ingqungquthela engathandekiyo malunga nokutshatyalaliswa kwinqaba ngo-1299 ngabanqobi baseTatar-Mongol.

Iinkalo zobungcali

Inqaba yaseSyuren yayakhiwe ngendlela yamakhethini amabini. Baye bajika kwinqanaba le-tower. Iindonga ezinokuphakama kwama-4.5 mitha zakha i-angle (malunga ne-130 ^° ). Babengamamitha angama-110 ubude, kodwa babe nobubanzi obanzi be 2.5 metres. Ngamanye amahlangothi, kwakungenakwenzeka ukufikelela kwinqaba - yayingqonge iindawo eziphantsi.

Kukholelwa ukuba inqaba yayiyimbali amabini, kwaye ukuphakama kwayo bekuyimitha engama-12 (kubandakanywa i-parapet kunye neenkampani). Namhlanje iphela ngaphezu kwelishumi. Iqonga lalijikelezwe. Wayezungezwe ngodonga olubini-mitha e-mitha-ephakamileyo kwaye wayekulungele ukujamelana neyona nto inzima kakhulu.

Zonke iindonga zesakhiwo zinezibhloko ze-limestone. Baye baxutywa ngesisombululo esisekelwe kwi-calestone efanayo. Iiphakathi ezisezantsi zifakwe ngamaplanga.

Ngalinye nqanaba lalinamatye amathathu. Kwakusezantsi-ntshonalanga kwinqaba kwalungiselelwa i-tunnel. Wenza ukuba kube lula ukuhamba phakathi kwamalungu okhuselo olukhuselekileyo kwiintshaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kwakukho amasango amade kwaye anamandla. Imizi yabemi abaqhelekileyo yakhiwa ngamatye.

Kwesinye seentaba kukhokelela kwinqanaba eliyimfihlo, elilungiselelwe xa kwenzeka uxinzelelo oluphuthumayo ukusuka kuloo mzi.

Inqaba yaseSyuren yayinempahla yayo malunga ne-1.7 hektare. Yaye yayinabantu abaninzi. Icandelo elisenyakatho-mpuma lesayithi lalihlala lidiliya.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIII-XIV, iikhilomitha ezili-300 ukusuka kwinqaba yakha udonga 145 m ubude, ubude be-1.2 m. Abavubukuli basaphikisana ngokuqeshwa kwakhe. Uninzi lwabantu lunamathela kwiinguqulelo zeenkomo.

Kukho iziphakamiso zokuba i-fortress Xueren (iifoto ze-nqabayo ziqinisekisa ezi zikhombisi) kwakukho indawo yekosi yama-feudal. Inqaba yesakhiwo esiziikubhite ezisibhozo ubude ubuye yaguqulwa kwi-chapel. Esikhundleni sendawo, iqonga labonakala. Imifanekiso yobuso babangcwele ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwiifoto zeendawo zangaphakathi zeendonga.

Yethu imihla

Inyikima eyaziwayo yaseCrimea yonakalisa kakhulu inqaba. Ekupheleni kwee-40 zekhulu lokugqibela, iinzame zenziwe ukubuyisela inqaba enkulu. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwee-90 zenkulungwane ye-XX, zonke iinxalenye eziqhotyoshelweyo kunye neziqiniweyo zatshatyalaliswa ngaphandle kwesizathu, kwaye inqaba yavela kwakhona kwifomu yayo yasekuqaleni.

Kulo suku, ngaphezu kwendawo yesakhiwo, udonga olukhuselayo kunye neendawo zokuhlala, izinto zobumba kunye neetapapu zifikile.

Kukho ixesha elininzi bezokhenketho kule ndawo. Iyakhanga kakhulu uSyuyrena inqaba. Indlela yokufika apha, umhlali ngamnye wendawo uza kuxela. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuyeka kwidolophana yaseMalae Sadovoe kukho umzila okhokelela kwibhulorho yomlambo waseBelbek. Ukuqhubela phambili, ngaphandle kokuguquka, kufuneka uhambe kummandla ongasentla we-settlement uze ufike kumanzi. Indlela yokungcola iqala emva kwayo. Emva kweeyure kunye nesiqingatha, kufuneka ujike ngakwesobunxele uze ulandele ngokucophelela ukulandela amanqaku obomvu. Baya kuhamba phambili kwindlu yeendwendwe yaseChelter-Koba, ephantsi ngqo emqolombeni, ngokucotha kancane kwindlela eya kwi-Kijiznik. Ukushiya ngakwesobunxele kuqala i-plateau, ekhokelela kwindlela ehambileyo ehlathini. Kwaye nantsi, iSyuyrena inqaba kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo!