Ibhere libukeka njani: isithombe kunye nenkcazo yezinambuzane

Ibhere lingumyalelo wentsapho ye-orthopteran yezinambuzane. Umdala ukhula ufike kwi-3.5-6 cm. Imifuno yomhlaba, iimbumba zamagqabhule, izibungu zamabhinqa, iMeyi zinyama, iintsontshi, i-pupae yezinambuzane ezahlukileyo-konke oku kufakwe ekudleni kwayo. I-Medvedka yonakalisa zonke iintlobo zezityalo ezilinywayo kunye nezityalo ezininzi ezikhulayo zasendle, zibetha iingcambu zawo phantsi komhlaba. Udla iimbini zombini, kunye nezigulana, kunye neengcambu zezityalo zabantu abadala, kunye neenkwenkwezi ezincinci, ezilimaza kungekhona izicucu ezimbalwa, kodwa kwiingcambu zonakalisa zonke izityalo ezityalwe.

Ibhere

Izalamane ezisondeleyo zebhere ziyikhilikithi kunye neengqungquthela, kodwa akufani nabo. Kwaye kubonakala kuthini ibhere? Unesimo esingavamile kakhulu, isisu esikhulu li-2/3 lomzimba wonke.

Inxalenye engaphambili yamandla yomzimba iqulethe intloko kunye nesifuba eselunxwemeni, okwenza i-cephalothorax. Ikhuselwe igobolondo e-chitinous, apho ibhere liyakwazi ukudonsa intloko yakhe xa kunengozi. Isisu sesithambileyo, kunye nemimandla emibili.

Inqanaba lokuqala leemilenze ezifumanekayo ezi-6 zenzelwe ukumba iindinyana phantsi komhlaba kwaye zifana ne-paw paws zenziwa nge-shank enexakile. Igama lesiLatini lebhere uGryllotalpa liguqulelwa kwisiRashiya njenge "mole-kriketi". Kubantu abancinci, amaphiko awaphuhliswayo, kwaye abantu abadala banamaphiko okwenene avumela ukuba baqhube. Izinambuzane ezindala zinombala omdaka kunye nesisu esilula, kwi-medvedok encinane umzimba ulula ngakumbi kunabantu abadala.

Ukuzaliswa kwebhere

Ngentwasahlobo, xa umhlaba ubhubha kwii-12 degrees Celsius, abantu abagqityiweyo bavela emhlabeni. Njengamakhredethi, amadoda kunye neentombi zebhere zikhanga kakhulu ngokuhlwa kwaye ebusuku ukukhangela umntu okhethiweyo.

Ibhinqa limba phantsi komhlaba isidleke kunye neendonga ezinxinxantathu kunye nenqwelwana ejikeleziweyo. Ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, uhlala kwindawo elungiselelwe amaqanda ama-250 ukuya kuma-600. Fumana oko amaqanda ebhere abukeka ngathi, ukuba unokufumana isidleke esinjalo kwaye uyivule. Kukho unako ukubona amancinci, njengama-millet okusanhlamvu, amaqanda 3-3.5 mm ngobukhulu, obomvu obomvu ngombala.

Ekubeni ukubukeka kwebhere akuqhelekanga, akunakudideka nantoni na. Kubalulekile ukuyifumana emhlabathini ize uyichithe ngaphambi kokuba inambuzane iqhube yonke indawo. Isilwanyana sinzima kangangokuba ukuba uyifumana, unokukukhupha ngaphandle kwezandla ngezandla zakho, kwaye iya kugcina isimo sayo. Inambuzane ibumba emhlabathini amaninzi amaninzi ahamba phantsi kobuso bomhlaba ngeendlela ezihlukeneyo, kodwa ukusuka kwidleke ukuya emanzini umjelo ugciniwe ngomgca womoya, kwaye ukuba isidleke asizalisi amanzi, ukuphuma okukhethiweyo kwenziwa kwinqanaba eliphambili. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokweendlela ibhere elihamba ngayo likhangeleka, unokuqonda ukuba zikhokelela kwidleke okanye cha.

Kubonakala ngathi ibhere elincinane?

Iindawo apho ezi zinambuzane zihleli khona , unokuzifumanisa kwiindawo ezihambayo ezinobunini bomhlaba kunye nezimbobo, ezifana neziphumo zeemvumba, kodwa ezincinci. Ngaphandle kwesihlambo sezityalo asihlali, njengokuba isetyhini ihlaba zonke iingcambu, izama ukwenza indawo leyo ifudumezwe yimililo yelanga. Ibhere likhusela inzala yalo, lisusa iifungi ezidlulayo kwiqanda kunye nezibungu. Amaqabunga ashiya amaqanda emva kweveki ezimbini.

Ngaphambi kokuba ube ngumdala, iilrr molts 8-9 maxesha. Kunzima ukwazi, kuba i- larva yebhere yokuqala yonyaka ayibonakali njengezilwanyana ezindala kwaye kungekhona njengabameli bexesha elizayo. Izibungu zale xesha zigqamile, zifana nezigulane, kodwa, ngokungafani nalolu hlobo, abanalo imilenze eyisi-8, kunye no-6. Bayiyimfama kwaye bengasebenzi, bayondla kwi-yolk yolummori abanalo kwi-goiter. Emva kokuba i-moult yokuqala, izibungu zixhaphaza i-humus, ize idluliselwe kwisondlo esisisiseko se-medvedok yabantu abadala.

Emva kweentsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kweentsuku ezingama-30, izibungu ziphuma kwidleke, kwaye nganye ibukeka njengebhodi elidala, kodwa lincinane kwaye lingenamaphiko. Isibungu sonyaka wokuqala sifinyelela kubukhulu be-15 mm, yesibini-20, yesithathu-25, neyesine (pronymph) - 35 mm. Ngaloo ndlela, ngendlela yokuvuza kwebhere ibukeka kwaye yintoni ubungakanani, ungayifumana iminyaka yobudala. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ubuninzi beebhere zeteddy ziquka inambuzane yabantu abadala (i-imago) kunye nezibungu kakhulu kwi-3rd-4th age

Lapho ingcuka ihlala khona

Ibhere elidala kunye nezibungu ezinobusika emhlabathini kwiikhosi ezilungiselelwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Abantu abadala baya kwi-1 meter ephezulu, kunye nezibungu - ukuya kwi-0.5 m. Izibungu ezithintekayo zihluke kubantu abadala ngamaphiko angaphantsi. Emva kwemigca embalwa, baba ngabantu abadala ekupheleni kwehlobo lesibini lobomi babo. Inani lemiqolo lixhomekeke kwimozulu yesayithi. Kwimimandla engasemzantsi, i-moult incinci, kwaye ukuphuhliswa kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza.

Indawo yo sasazo

Indawo yokuhlala yindawo enomileyo, ngelixa ikwazi ukubhukuda kwaye idide, ize iqhube, iphinde iqhube ngokukhawuleza kwaye igalele ngokugqithiseleyo iindinyana ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Unqwenela ukuhlala kufuphi neendawo zokugcina amanzi kumanzi, kodwa unokuhlala kude namanzi, ukuphepha nje kuphela indawo ezinomileyo. UMedvedka uhlala kuwo onke amazwe aseMpuma naseNtshona Yurophu, ngaphandle kweemimandla esenyakatho, kuwo onke amazwe aseAsia, eMelika naseNyakatho Afrika.

Le nambuzane endala, enokubonakala nangendlela i-beetle ibonakala ibhere. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayilunganga ukuyibiza ngokuba yi-beetle, bayabizwa kwi-entomology yabameli be-coleopteran order, kwaye ibhere limela i-squad yezinambuzane ze-orthopteran. Ngenxa yoko, siyakwazi ukuthetha ngendlela inambuzane ibonakala ngayo ibhere. Babonakala eMhlabeni ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 zeminyaka edlulileyo kwaye ngeli thuba lilungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko zokuphila ezahlukeneyo.

Iinkqubo zeMichiza, ze-agrotechnical kunye ne-biological zokutshatyalaliswa

Ukutya izibungu, ibhere linganciphisa inani likaMeyi kunye neendlumbane. Kwinyango, izisa iinzuzo ezaneleyo, ezigqithise umonakalo owenzelwa kwizityalo. Kodwa, ngelishwa, uhlala ehlala emazweni ahlonywayo, kwiidiya kunye neendawo zokugcina izityalo. Iyakwazi ukubonakala kwaye ide overterter kwidunge okanye umquba. Ukuba usebenzisa umgquba, ngaphandle kokuwuncibilikisa, umhlaba uya kuba ne-HIV kuphela ngeentsholongwane, kodwa kunye nembewu yokhula.

Ekubeni inkohlakalo evela kwibhere ibonakala ngakumbi kwiindawo ezihlakulwayo, kangangokuba iininzi zeemali zomlimi zenze iindlela ezininzi zokunciphisa inani leenambuzane.

1. Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali. Ziyasebenza kakhulu ukulwa nezinambuzane. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-insecticide kudinga ukuthotyelwa kuyo yonke imiyalelo, edlalwa ingqalelo. Kodwa utyhefu obulala enye into ayinakulimaza omnye! Ngokuqhelekileyo, inambuzane ye-organophosphate kunye nezilwanyana eziqhutywe ngazo ziyasetyenziswa, zingcwatywa emhlabathini ("Phenaxin plus", "Medotox"). Ngentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala, iiflanzi zisetyenziselwa kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, kwaye ekwindla, xa isityalo sivunwa, kwaye ibhere liyasebenza, iifrirethroids zisetyenziselwa ukuthungula, okwenza i-greenhouse ifumaneke ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikhuselekileyo kubantu nakubantu, kodwa zibulala inambuzane.
2. Imilinganiselo ye-Agrotechnical esetyenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane. Ezi ndlela ziquka ubuchule obudala izimo ezimbi ezinambuzane. Le ndlela ixabiso elincinci kunabanye kwaye ibeka isiseko semveliso yezolimo ecocekileyo. Umzekelo ukhulula kunye nokumba umhlaba, ukugcinwa kwemigangatho yokutshala kwezityalo, ukulwa nomsila, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zamaminerali.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa zezilwanyana ukutshabalalisa iibhere. Ngokwemfundiso, abanakho abakhuphiswano ekusebenzeni kwabo. Umgaqo oyintloko ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezizodwa ezibangelwa zizifo ezifayo okanye izifo ezinambuzane.
4. Kukho enye indlela yezobuchwepheshe, eyikwesaba ibhere ukusuka kwiindawo ezincinci. Kwiziko laso ungafaka i-ultrasonic "esabisayo". Kubalulekile ukuba basebenze rhoqo, ngaphandle koko iinambuzane ziya kubuya kwisayithi.

Iindlela zokulwa nabantu

Phakathi kweendlela ezithandwayo zokulwa nezilwanyana ezinambuzane kukho iindlela eziphambili. Ezi ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo ezihlukeneyo, izityalo zokutyala iintlobo ezinambuzane ezingayinyamezeli, ukusetyenziswa kwezibatha. Unokungcwaba emanzini omhlaba azaliswe ngamanzi kwi-2/3, ufike apho ibhere alikwazi ukuphuma ngokuzimeleyo. Abayithandi iphunga leentyatyambo, umzekelo, i-marigolds kunye ne-chrysanthemums. Indlela enomdla yokumangalisa ukufaka i-turntable kwi-site. Kwiipalo ezincinci kunokwenzeka ukuba uzibophe encinane. Xa zijikeleza, ukutshukunyiswa kudluliselwa emhlabathini, kwaye ukuba kukho iibhebhe "ibhungane", ishiya indawo.

Indlela endala kakhulu yindlela yokutshatyalaliswa kweebhere. Izinambuzane ziqokelelwa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa, ukumba imigibe, ukucoca umgquba kwizinambuzane. Zonke ziyimpumelelo kakhulu, kodwa zinzima kakhulu kwaye zithandekayo, kuba ibhere libukeka lusongela. Ezi ndlela zifanelekile kwiindawo ezincinci.

Ukutsalana kweentshaba zendalo kwi-site

Ukusetyenziswa kweentshaba zendalo kukubhekiselele kwiindlela ezithandwayo kakhulu, abazithobeli ukuziphatha okufanayo njengamashishini, kodwa zizona zinto zinengqiqo. Ezi ndlela zibandakanya ukukhanga kwiindawo zeentaka, iilzards, amaxoxo. I-Medvedka idla amancinci amancinci, ama-starling, ama-rooks, kunye ne-lizards kunye ne-shrews. Zivame ukuba zibonwe kwisayithi njengeendwendwe ezingahambelwanga, kwaye ezininzi zazo zifuna nje ukukhuselwa, kuba iinzuzo zobuso bazo zicacile.

Yintoni enokuyenza ukuba isayithi inalo ibhere

Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zizo ezo ziqwalasela uhlobo lobuthakathaka. Ukuze ulahle ibhere, kuyimfuneko entwasahlobo nasekuseni kwehlobo ukuba ukhulule imigqa emqolo ukuya kutsho kwi-15-20 cm ukujonga nokutshabalalisa izidleke zezilwanyana. Ngelo xesha, unako ukushiya umgquba ngokukhanga amabhinqa, kwaye xa bakha isidleke apho, sasaza umgquba kunye nokutshabalalisa izidleke. Ekubeni, xa ibhere lifuna isiphephelo sebusika, ukusebenza kakuhle kukumba imingxuma emhlabathini ngezantsi kwe-0.5-0.7 m, ukuzalisa ngomquba. Iinjongo ezinjalo ziyakuthandeka kubo, zingena emdongeni, kwaye xa iqhwa liqala, umquba kufuneka ukhutshwe emigodini kwaye uhlakazwe emhlabathini. Zimbini izinambuzane ezindala kunye nezibungu azikwazi ukuma kubanda kwaye zife.

Xa ubeka iindawo zokugcina izityalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlolisise ngokucophelela umhlaba ekufumaneni inambuzane ezindala okanye izidleke, ezungeze kuluhlaza, kubalulekile ukumba imifuno. Ukususela kumgquba ojoliswe kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha nokutshabalalisa ibhere. Ukwazi ukuba ibhere libukeka njani, awuyi kuphantsi.