Fahrenheit: ubudlelwane phakathi ubushushu kunye ekuboneni inoveli Ray Bradbury

Isikali lobushushu aguqulwa ogama emva yamachiza waseJamani Gabriel Daniel XVII leminyaka Fahrenheit (1686-1736). Izazinzulu ziye udale ithemometha, apho ecetywayo inkqubo ne lula ukulinganisa isiqalo. Umgama imfutshane phakathi kwamacandelo sixhobo ubizwa ngokuba "° 'imbeko umsunguli. Esi silinganiso ngoku ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ngenxa yenguqu kwi-imi- 70 lwekhulu XX kwisistim International Units (SI). Ulwazi imithetho transfer of iyunithi enye ukuya kwenye kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde ngcono intsingiselo yegama inoveli "Fahrenheit 451" abahlali Ray Bradbury ngayo kuloo mazwe apho ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo metric kuphela.

Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit

ngumphandi German G. Fahrenheit wazalelwa iDanzig, wayesebenza ubomi bakhe bonke ukuhlola physics omashini izixhobo ezisetyenziswa leMitroloji. Ngo-1710, i-nzulu sele iqalile ukuseka isikali lobushushu kunye isixhobo sokulinganisa ubushushu nomzimba okupholisa. Elinye lamanqaku yokuqala kulo msebenzi nokwakhelwa karhulumente ngomxube lomkhenkce namanzi kunye komphunga kwamanzi phantsi reflux.

Le izinto zokulinganisa Fahrenheit wasebenzisa yabangazijongisisi utywala kunye mercury. Engxakini metal engamanzi - ayaqina kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Gabriel Fahrenheit njalo bephuhlisa izixhobo zakhe, wonyulwa ukuba Royal Society eNgilani. Ngelo xesha lithile kwakucingwa ukuba ithemomitha yamachiza waseJamani nobutyobo ebilahlekile. Kwakukho ezimbini kuphela iimeko, kodwa kamva wafumana sesithathu isixhobo lokuqala, omashini zizazinzulu.

Isixhobo sokubala iqondo lobushushu

kwiithemometha ezahlukeneyo kukho ngama-500 ubudala, Zizukise yokudala ezi zixhobo ibalulekileyo yahlulwe phakathi izazinzulu mkhulu zamaXesha Aphakathi. Zesampulu zokuqala ngokungeyompumelelo ezikhethiweyo njengesiqalo isikali, nangokusebenzisa iyantlukwano ezahlukeneyo "ixabiso" ithemomitha baba kuphazamise kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

merit gabriel Fahrenheit kaThixo usendleleni yokuba wenza uhlobo mihla kwisixhobo ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo isikali. Lo mcuphi wacebisa njengoko imvelaphi utshintsho emanzini umkhenkce, ebila indawo yayo ingqalelo. kwiithemometha ikhaya Modern kumazwe IsiNgesi abathetha ngathi kancinane lasungulwa kumaXesha Aphakathi, ntonje uphawu lisetyenziswa kwi kuluhlu 0 ukuya 132 ° F (° C) ngoku.

isikali lobushushu

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo Ipharamitha isikali owadalwa Fahrenheit:

• Point 0 ° F - ke lobushushu apho qhwa;
• 32 ° F - ukunyibilika komkhenkce utshintsho reverse - sikarhulumente eqinileyo;
• 212 ° - ngamanzi abilayo.

Fahrenheit waqala zibonakaliswe ° F emva kokusungulwa ithermometer. ngumphandi Swedish Anders Tselsy echanileyo ngaphezu nogxa walo German, elasekwa lobushushu uyakunkcenkceshela wenguqulelo kumazwe ezahlukeneyo lamntu. Kwi kwisikali ecetywayo yi-nzulu Swedish, kakhulu, ukuba lo ungumzekeliso ozise ka-100, kodwa ke iyahambelana ukunyibilika ngumkhenkce. Ngexesha iqondo lamanzi 0 degrees Celsius yamkelwa. sele kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwama-250 ukususela kwixesha xa le scale emgaqweni: iqondo lobushushu inguqu ice amanzi sithathwa 0 ° C, nokubilisa indawo yayo yakhethwa lelo nani 100.

Isikali lobushushu ephambili kwinkqubo metric

Ukususela ngo-1960, amazwe amaninzi ukwenza inguqu kwinkqubo metric, apho ezikalini ezimbini asetyenziswa: Celsius kunye Kelvin. Eyona iqhelekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kunye nobugcisa kwiithemometha zemozulu, zona hlula Celsius, ucinga njengokuguqula zixhaphakileyo ezisentlabathini umcimbi - amanzi. I-Kelvin isikali esetyenziswa kuphando lwezenzululwazi, ubushushu lokuqala imeko reference umzimba apho sinawo amandla lwangaphakathi lincinci. I-United States kunye Britain abalindelekanga zicinywe ngokupheleleyo Units (SI) inkqubo International. Kwezi kunye namanye amazwe IsiNgesi abathetha abaninzi basebenzisa ithemomitha kunye izikali ezahlukeneyo.

Thelekisa ubushushu

Iqondo lobushushu Fahrenheit kukho lekhefu ukusuka 0 ° ukuya ° 100. Le band efanayo kwi lokuphumla kwisikali Celsius ingqamana ukususela -18 ° 38 °. I-Kelvin Isikali isebenzisa ingqikelelo "zero epheleleyo." Le obushushu, nto leyo -273,2 ° C okanye -459,7 ° F. Ngaba kuguqulelwa kwezinye iilwimi luze 451 qhwa, apho imali ku 233 ° C.

amaqondo obushushu inokujikwa ibe omnye komnye, yaye imfuno yazo ezi zibalo kwi-US kunye UK, apho kwinkqubo yokumiselwa komgangatho kwiindawo ezininzi zophando lwezenzululwazi kunye nemveliso wala ukusebenzisa Fahrenheit isikali, kodwa isekhona eqhelekileyo kweli khaya. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, abahlali amazwe IsiNgesi abathetha aguqulwa Fahrenheit to Celsius, esazi ukuba lokuphumla lobushushu 1 ° C ngu 1.8 ° F.

Rey Bredberi "Fahrenheit 451"

Kude kube 1960 ngokwesikali Fahrenheit waba kumazwe IsiNgesi abathetha, ubukhulu becala isetyenziswa climatology, amayeza, kushishino kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. inoveli yakhe Rey Bredberi waphumelela ngowe-1953, yaye epigraph lubonise ukuba 451 ° - iphepha flash ngongoma. Imveliso iphambili hero uhlala elizayo elikude kwaye isebenza 'umlilo ", kodwa kulwa umlilo, yaye utshisa iincwadi.

American classic Sci-Fi Uhlobo ekuboneni yakho kwinoveli azinikele iingxaki ukhetho yokuziphatha, iinkqubo anti-yileyo, isimntwiso ukuba ngenkulungwane XX yaba Fascism. Emva kokuba amandla eJamani, Adolf Hitler laqalisa ukutshatyalaliswa amathala, njengokutsha iincwadi. Ngale ndlela, i-uMlawuli wafuna ukuphelisa zonke iintlobo kombono, ngokubeka abemi amanye ideology lwamaNazi. Isikali lobushushu waguquka kunye nobungakanani ebonakalayo - degree angu - kancane yinto elidlulileyo, kodwa iingcamango ephakanyiswe kwinoveli esasebenza.