Mechatronics - ntoni na? Zokukwazi mechatronics. Mechatronics kunye Robotics (okukhethekile): lowo ukusebenza?

Le kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ube yimpumelelo kakhulu ukuvela Sciences ezintsha, enye yazo mechatronics. Ngubani emsebenzini emva kuphuhliso olu qeqesho? Oko umele wenza ntoni? Hayi indlela ekubaluleke ngayo kubomi banamhlanje? Oko usinika umbono? Ngubani na abantu abasebenza abathe balufunda olu qeqesho kwi iiyunivesithi kunye ngokwabo? Nalu uluhlu buso imibuzo eza kuphendulwa kweli nqaku.

Yintoni mechatronics?

Eli gama ifunyenwe xa ilizwi compound "injineli" yaye "bombane". Ku kuqala ngo-1969. Kweli thuba mechatronics ixesha - into isayensi luzinikele indalo kunye nenjongo ukusebenza oomatshini kunye neenkqubo, intshukumo yayo emiselwe yi-technology computing. Oku kusekelwe kulwazi ukukhanda, ubuchwepheshe isilawuli, inzululwazi ikhompyutha,-elektroniki kunye nolawulo yekhompyutha intshukumo kweeyunithi kunye noomatshini. Funda izisekelo mechatronics nako, ukuba oyifunayo, njengoko uncwadi yesayensi neyokufundisa kule ndawo kwanele. Kuba kuya kufuneka ukuba enze iinzame kakhulu ukufumana izinto eziyimfuneko. Nangona kunokwenzeka, kwakuthiwa, ukuba ndiyaqonda kwaye oko mechatronics. Yintoni na siye sabona, makhe Masishukume kwi kwimiba ethile.

Unxibelelwano nge weerobhoti

amaninzi kakhulu ingabonwa kunye. Kutheni kunjalo? Into yokuba weerobhoti - yeyona ndawo nathembisayo mechatronics, leyo kuqulunqwa kuphela ngaphakathi sikhokelo. Apha kuyimfuneko digress na. Inyaniso kukuba ngoku libandakanywe mechatronics izithuthi, aerospace, umthengi, zonyango, kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo. Kodwa ukuze kuveliswe izinto olu hlobo, kukho ezinye elithile. Kwaye ngakumbi, ukuba bajolise ingqalelo yokuba abafundi aya kungenela ngokuyila robots, izixhobo umatshini izixhobo lwamanani-ezilawulwayo ezifana kwakunye indalo yawo, ulwalathiso noqeqesho ubizwa ngokuba "mechatronics kunye Robotics".

inkcazo ngokubanzi esinecandelo lepraktikhali

Yintoni usinika mechatronics? Yintoni na ngokwemiqathango umkhuba yokudala? Makhe sijonge scheme ngokubanzi yokwakha oomatshini, apho kwaye ijolise ekubeni yintoni zokusebenzisa imisebenzi mveliso kunye nendlu olawulwa ngekhompyutha. Imekobume kubo okusingqongileyo zeteknoloji, nto leyo eya kwenzeka intsebenziswano. Xa inkqubo mechatronic yenza imisebenzi yayo, kungenxa izidumbu zokusebenza. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le ndawo uphando mncinane kakhulu, kukho ezininzi i ezingachanekanga kunye engaqondakaliyo, nkqu ezincwadini zesayensi, ngoko ekuhambeni kwexesha imigaqo theoretical component ungakwazi ukutshintsha. inkqubo Mechatronic zakha ezintathu, apho amaqhina oqhagamshelwano phakathi yi ulwazi namandla nokuphuma kwemali:

1. Electromechanical. Ezi ziquka iiyunithi mechanical, ukudluliselwa, Motors, abenzi boluvo, actuator, izakhi zombane ezongezelelweyo, abenzi boluvo. Onke amacandelo asetyenziswa ukwenzela ukubonelela intshukumo kuyimfuneko. Ebaluleke ngokukodwa ukwenziwa olululo imisebenzi kufuneka nabenzi boluvo. Baya kuqokelela inkcukacha malunga nemeko yenjongosenzi yomsebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo, isixhobo mechatronic ngqo kunye namacandelo ayo.
2. Electronic. Ezi zibandakanya izixhobo micro-elektroniki, inverters amandla kunye neziphaluka yokulinganisa.
3. Ikhompyutha. Ezi ziquka microcontrollers kunye becomputing umatshini-kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Imisebenzi esemqoka yeenkqubo mechatronic

Ngeli xesha ke ezi-4:

1. ukulawula inkqubo motion ngoomatshini ngexesha ngokwenene processing ngaxeshanye ulwazi ulwaziwey abenzi boluvo zabo.
2. Co-umbutho izenzo zabo kunye kwimithombo yangaphandle impembelelo.
3. intsebenziswano Human ngokusebenzisa yekhompyutha ekhethekileyo stand-alone mode okanye ngexesha lenene.
4. Umbutho of exchange data phakathi nabenzi boluvo, peripherals kunye namanye amacandelo izinto nkqubo.

Umsebenzi mechatronics

Kufuneka ukusombulula ingxaki yokuguqulwa ulwazi ngegalelo oluvela inqanaba eliphezulu lolawulo kuyimfuneko intshukumo ngoomatshini. Kulo mzekelo, ngokubanzi basebenzisa umgaqo ingxelo. Uyilo le ngxaki kuvela yokuba kukho ekudibaniseni ibe iyunithi ezisebenzayo izinto single eziliqela ukuba yendalo eyahlukileyo - kule Okukodwa, leyo mechatronics. Elithile labantu abaye benza ekuphunyezweni kwezi njongo inokuba nomahluko kakhulu. Ngokusesikweni, kwanelungiselelo lolwazi okucwangcisiweyo uya kumnika iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Nceda kwi software yentsimbi yecandelo.

Inzuzo yendlela mechatronic zokusombulula iingxaki real-wonke

Uthelekiso luya kwenziwa ngeendlela zakwaNtu matshini:

1. Inkqubo zamaxabiso aphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo kufikelelwe ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa elikhulu, ukufanisa isigama kolwimi kunye wokubambisana onke amacandelo kunye iziqalelo interface.
2. Ukuba nokwenzeka kuqatshelwe iintshukumo ngqo kunye nezintsonkothileyo kubulela kwiindlela zokulawula ezikrelekrele.
3. Inqanaba eliphezulu kukuthembeka, nokuqina kwayo, kunye nezifo ingxolo.
4. Le compactness yeemodyuli ezisetyenziselwa, nto leyo evumela ukuba makenze indawo encinci. Nazo kananjalo kube lula ngokwentelekiso ukudibanisa ubugcisa ukuhambisa imisebenzi ethile.
5. Xa lula chain kinematic kumatshini abe neempawu onamandla elungileyo kunye nemilinganiso kunye nobunzima.

Apha ngaleyo ndlela mechatronics kunye weerobhoti. Umsebenzi kulo mzekelo ukuvumela ukuba ukhethe kwaye zilungiswe ekufundweni data, ngoxa kwimfundo-self kuya kufuneka ukuba ukujonga yonke into ngokwakho.

Imizekelo mechatronics ebomini

Ungalufumana phi iinkqubo ezinjalo ngeenxa zonke kuthi? Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ke sicebisa ukuba sijonge iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu:

1. ukwakhiwa Machine-Isixhobo kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo ngenxa esizisebenzelayo iinkqubo zobugcisa.
2. Robotics.
3. Military, indawo kunye nobuchwepheshe mboni.
4. Automotive (iinkqubo mechatronic ezinjalo ukuze uzinzise intshukumo, yokupaka oluzenzekelayo kunye nophuhliso ezinjalo).
5. Various izithuthi ezingekho semgangathweni kunye nezothutho (elektrorollery, iitroli, izitulo ezinamavili, iibhayisekile zombane).
6. oomatshini Ukuhlolwa kunye nezixhobo.
7. izixhobo Office (oomatshini bokufeksa, copiers).
8. izixhobo Medical (labagula kakhulu, kwisimo, lwezonyango).
9. Imishini lwamaKhaya (ukuthunga, nowezitya, oomatshini bokuhlamba kunye nezinye oomatshini yolu hlobo).
10. Simulators abashishini zoqeqesho, nabaqhubi, abaqhubi.
11. Ukulayitwa kunye noyilo inkqubo ephilileyo.
12. Micromachines (esetyenziswa kakhulu kwizibonelelo amayeza, ibiotechnology, ngocingo).

Qhubeka uluhlu nangoku elide kakhulu.

WeMfundo ePhakamileyo: mechatronics and Robotics

Iiyunivesiti zinika ithuba lokuba bafunde uluhlu olubanzi izakhono zobungcali. Olu ludwe kuba elide kakhulu, kodwa zama ukuwenza ube mfutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka:

1. Ukuvavanya ukufaneleka, ukusebenza kunye nokubaluleka le projekthi.
2. Phuhlisa ulwazi, electromechanical, electro-kubunzulu, iinkqubo imodyuli elektroniki kunye neemodeli isilawuli.
3. Yenza izixhobo zecomputer, xa kukho imfuneko, kufuneka ilawulwe izixhobo mechatronic.
4. Yibani amaxwebhu design, nto leyo eya kuchazwa ukwakhiwa kunye inkqubo yokuvelisa kweekhomponenti ngamnye.
5. Iliso ezenzekayo kumxholo ukuthotyelwa.
6. Ukuvelisa, ukudibanisa kwaye ukuvavanya indlela eqikelelweyo.
7. Yiba patent kunye yokundwendwela mvume.
8. Ukwenza uphuculo ukulungiswa kweenkqubo mechatronic.
9. Lungiselela imiyalelo zokusetyenziswa kwefowuni.

Nantsi into kukunika abafundi babo nayiphi Ubulungiseleli onemvume weMfundo, Faculty of mechatronics kunye Robotics. Bathi mancinane, ubukhulu becala kukho kumasebe ahlukeneyo, kodwa unako ukufumana imfundo kuyimfuneko.

Self-Ukuqonda ngumntu owaziwa ngokuba mechatronics kunye weerobhoti: kubani ukusebenza?

Ndingayifumana phi umsebenzi emva kokugqiba imfundo yabo? Abaziingcali kule yabucala kwaye adale irobhothi yoyilo kushishino zasekhaya nkqubo. Kananjalo phambili izixhobo zecomputer ukunikezela ngolawulo kunye nokusebenza lula. Emva kokuphumelela ngokuqhelekileyo ukuqala umsebenzi njengendawo abathungi oncedisayo, badwelisi benkqubo kunye namachule, nangona amathuba engqesho mikhulu kakhulu, kuba isiqabu lamandla oluntu kunye nokuphuculwa kweziphumo zayo - yiloo njongo, nto leyo mechatronics. Yintoni na, sele sifundile. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, sifuna ukunazisa ukuba ezinokuba nga inxaxheba kwezi zinto:

1. Research.
2. Design and engineering.
3. Operational.
4. Nezibonelelo zolawulo.

Le peculiarity yalo msebenzi kukuba kukho ukunqongophala elininzi kwabasebenzi. Ngoko ke Asiqali ingqesho ingaqhelekanga ezi isiqu, wafundisa, ngubani bakwazi ukubonisa inqanaba ebonakalayo izakhono kunye lwezakhono zeprakhtikhali.

isiphelo

Zonke imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, bonke bephela ezifunekayo. Ngaphandle engazibaxi izinto, sinokuthi siye ezichazwe - enye amakhono kwikamva. Imfuno yabasebenzi ngolwazi iprofayile olunjalo ikhula rhoqo. Le nyaniso, kwakunye kumgangatho elungileyo kwemali akananto ivumela ukuba sithi ukuba kweli cala uya kuba kakhulu zithandwa kwi eminyaka ezayo ngakumbi. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba okukhethekile yamagqwetha, ezoqoqosho kunye nabaphathi baya athothe kungena ngasemva yaye liya kuzithumela mechatronics. Ntoni na, kakade, kodwa ukuqonda ukubaluleka olu qeqesho luya kuza kunye nokwamkelwa la mazwi.