Ezingenamqolo

izilwanyana ezinomqolo - abameli ezininzi zezilo ezingenazo lomqolo. Olu didi lubandakanya lenyama (single ezineseli), iintshulube ephantsi, iziponji, arthropods, izilwanyana, echinoderms, kunye nabanye. Xa iyonke, eli qela kweentlobo elinesithandathu.

Icandelo lobukumkani yezilwanyana kwi lomqolo kunye ezingenamqolo Lamarck waqonda ngo 1801. Phakathi ekuyo eyaziwayo iintlobo amane anesihlanu amawaka. ezingenamqolo eziphawulekayo akhoyo mali kweentlobo-1 million 260 lamawaka. Kulo mzekelo, elula - malunga namashumi amabini anesihlanu amawaka, iziponji - malunga ezintlanu, iintshulube ephantsi - malunga namashumi amabini, izilwanyana - ngaphezu kwekhulu, arthropods - malunga iintlobo asixhenxe anethoba amawaka.

Eli nani liphezulu iintlobo zezinambuzane inikezwe. Baba malunga kwesigidi. Kulo mzekelo, izinambuzane zasemanzini odolo ezininzi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye zazo akhoyo emanzini kuphela ngexesha mibungu. Nangona abanye kuyo ubomi. Coelenterates izilwane malunga namawaka alithoba iintlobo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iintlobo ezikhoyo kwi uhlobo kakhulu ngaphezu kokuba iyaziwa. Ukongeza, amawaka kumiselwa kunyaka ngamnye ngabantu abatsha.

Lomqolo kuhlala emhlabeni, iilwandle, iilwandle, imilambo, amachibi, amachibi. abameli ezininzi gazi. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba ngokutya igazi ezizitho zine, nokuba kwizityalo.

Indima ezingenamqolo kwindalo mkhulu kakhulu. iintsalela Solid of Representatives, obehleli maxesha ekuqaleni zejoloji, yibani iimpawu zeengxondorha, kwaye kwezinye iimeko - le isambuku. Umzekelo, amathambo ezilwanyana ezingenamqolo, icinyiwe, kuphantse ngokupheleleyo phezulu lekalika.

nokubaluleka ezahlukeneyo eli qela kunye ngamnye. Ngokomzekelo, ezingenamqolo ezininzi, kwakunye nemveliso yazo inkunkuma kusetyenziswa ukulungiselela ukutya abantu (yobusi, umzekelo). abameli amaninzi asetyenziswa ukondla iintlanzi zorhwebo, izilwanyana, iintaka. Neeperile, amaqokobhe ngayo izilwanyana, fini , kunye nabanye abameli ezininzi zelo qela zezilwanyana ezingenamqolo yayiphawuleka imveliso inkunkuma ixabiso elikhulu loqoqosho kunye nobugcisa. Ngokufuthi asetyenziswa kulawulo lwezinambuzane. Lomqolo ezi ezizingelayo kunye nezinambuzane, ukuba ndingabonakalisi. Le ndlela kunxulumene iindlela zebhayoloji yokulawula izinambuzane. Izazi ekumiseleni yobudala sedimentary zeengxondorha ehlola iintsalela ezingenamqolo enziwe ngeefosili anqongophele.

Noko ke, kwindalo, kukho ezininzi i eziyingozi kweli qela. ezingenamqolo Zininzi abathwali ezimbi olwaye lwamfimfitha kunye ezasulelayo, izitshabalalisi okuziinkozo kunye neemveliso zayo. Iiplastiki ziyityhefu kwaye zibangela umonakalo izityalo, amahlathi njl

Indawo ekhethekileyo kwiqela athathe coelenterates. Xa echaza ukubonisa ngokwesithethe ubukho wolingano- macala iphiramidi ebonisa unxibelelwano, kunye amabini ungqameko intsholongwane (ectoderm kunye endoderm). Ngokwesiqhelo oku kucingwa ukuba umzimba isilwanyana luqokelelane ukusuka maleko ezimbini epithelial: integument (sangaphandle) kunye olunga- phakathi sayo wamathumbu (gastrodermisa). Phakathi kwezibini zomaleko ibekwe umaleko nokuqina gelatinous (mesoglea). Kubume bayo enemicu collagen kunye neeseli amoeboid kwi imali encinane.

Thina abameli coelenterates akukho ezizodwa amalungu yokuphefumla kunye zinomgutyulo. Oku kudla ezinxulumene isakhiwo umaleko-ezimbini isakhiwo, enika zoqhagamshelwano iiseli ezininzi epithelia kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle.

Kuba coelenterates luphawulwa inkqubo luyalambatha luvo. ekhuthazwa kakhulu ngokwesondo iphawulwa ukucaca okanye kwindawo planktonic.