Cortinarius ezintle - ngundo obulalayo. Inkcazelo kanye photo

Nivile le ngundo njengoko cortinarius? Kwaye ujika ube ityhefu ebulalayo! Iinkcukacha zingafunyanwa kweli nqaku.

Cortinarius elihle - mushroom esibulalayo ezinetyhefu

Iifoto mkhuhlane bubonakaliswe ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo kweli nqaku. Cortinarius entle (ebomvu) - yinto enetyhefu mushroom cortinarius uhlobo, cortinariaceae usapho. Xa abantu, ikwabizwa ngokuba pribolotnikom. Abakwazi ningadli uhlobo ukrwada okanye uphekiwe, kuba ityhefu ngoku kubo, ningandiqumbisi uphuhliso ukusilela kwezintso. Kuzenza iqulathe ubuncinane iintlobo-40. Ezinye zithathwa ezingenabungozi, ezinye ezityiwayo ezinye - phantsi kwemiqathango ethile ayinakutyiwa. Xa iimpawu ngaphandle Amakhowa ezinjalo efana kakhulu, ngoko ke badideke rhoqo. Oku kubonisa ukuba kubhetele ukuba ukuqokelela ngaphandle ulwazi olufanelekileyo kunye cortinarius, kunye nomngundo ngokubanzi. Kwaye ukuze isekwakukugqiba ngendlela yokusebenzisa i mushroom ukuba adle, kufuneka uqiniseke 100% apho uhlobo uzifumana cortinarius.

Ide 1950 kwakucingwa ukuba ezi amakhowa singathathwa ukutya. Kwaba kuphela ngenxa yenani elikhulu leziganeko ingxelo ngo-1957 kunye ityhefu cortinarius-orenji-ebomvu, yaye kamva cortinarius mhle, kwagqitywa ekubeni lifune ngundo ukuya eziyityhefu ezibulalayo. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zezona iyityhefu.

ukubonakala

Ububanzi cap isusela ukusuka cm-4 ukuya ku-9, iqala imilo etsobhileyo ibe esikhukulayo ikhiwa onabileyo, embindini kunye tubercle. Umaleko ongaphandle owomileyo, velvety kunye matte kunye nesakhiwo ezinezikhondo. Color - sayingqombela-orenji okanye ngqombela-mdaka, inxalenye engundlunkulu mnyama. Phezu contact ngamanzi ayinyuki ubukhulu.

Amacwecwe watyala ezinqabileyo, ukuba banzi, nesithokothoko. Ekuqaleni, umbala umnqwazi, ngoko yatshintsha ukuba uSathane. Amakhowa Young ingabonwa isigubungelo arachnoid yellow-imbola umbala.

Leg zezindlu, ukwanda okanye tapering esisekweni, kunye nobude bawo 60-100 mm kunye Ebubanzini 4-10 mm. Kwi ukutyabeka ezinezikhondo kungabonwa ezigoso amabhanti umbala phantse ebengezelayo.

Ipete uba ithinti eliqaqambileyo-orenji okanye omthubi-amdaka aze abe livumba embi.

Okulandelayo kwi ingxabano kumhlophe brown umbala. isayizi yazo - 8-8.5 microns, uhlobo - ebanzi okweqanda okanye phantse ungqukuva, kunye amade zangaphandle. Heylotsistidy phantse ziphinde zenzeke.

apho ikhula

Cortinarius elihle - ngundo olubulala ifumaneka eYurophu kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwiindawo zethu abazange bazibonise kwimimandla esembindini, kwakunye kumntla. Ungase uphawule ezi fungi kwiindawo weentaba, ekwiinduli. Sibaphatha inqabile.

Indlela yokutyala

Inkoliso yale ngundo ikhula oki kunye namahlathi ezindala coniferous, apho ukwanda ukukhanya imihlaba enesanti. Okrwada green nespruce nemithi kunye sphagnum moss nayo kakuhle ukukhula.

Imbewu enetyhefu kungenziwa dissipated kwezinye iindawo yi njengesihlambo moya kunye kubangela nebonakalayo contact. Iifom Mycorrhiza kunye nespruce.

Fruiting ukususela ngoJulayi, ukuya kutsho uluhlu ngokwesiseko iqabaka yokuqala. Kufutshane cortinarius izihloko mhle ukubona ezinye iindidi fungi ze sodidi.

Cortinarius elihle - mushroom ezibulalayo ezinetyhefu: Iindidi

Izakufunyanwa kwintsimi yethu kunye neentlobo-40 nomngundo kwe sodidi, no-2 kuphela kubo ezidliwayo. Ezinye zazo eziyingozi kangangokuba nenani pantherina Amanita. Uninzi akadliwa nje ngobubi bawo.

Fumana umahluko phakathi kwazo zonke ezi ntlobo ungakwazi kuphela iingcali, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kubhetele ukufumana ngeenxa zonke kubo.

iintlobo ezifanayo

Cortinarius intaba - omnye mushroom enobuhlungu, ukusetyenziswa leyo inokukhokelela ekufeni. Ububanzi intloko yayo - 30-80 mm, kuqala ibe khaxa, yaye xa ngundo ekhula ubudala, ngoko uba imilo tyaba, kumbindi na elisemqolo flat. zangaphandle - eyomileyo. Umbala iyahluka ukusuka mthubi-brown ukuba limhlophe brown. Ukuphakama unyawo - 40-90 mm, kwaye ububanzi bayo - 10-20 mm. Emazantsi nto kakade. Umphezulu cap ezinezikhondo kunye nemilenze.

Cortinarius edliwayo - uhlobo mushroom edliwayo. Igama lakhe yesibini - ukulibala. umnqwazi wakhe 50-80 millimitha elingqingqwa isakhiwo nenyama elintlangothi ifukame phantsi. Ekubeni uthola a tyaba, ndidandathekile kancinci kule fom umjikelo wobomi. umbala yayo greyish-abamhlophe, kwaye umphezulu - manzi. Umlenze lunobude ka 20-30 mm kunye ububanzi 15-20 mm, oko zamahlathi, ngaphandle uyigobayo.

yencindi Cortinarius - mushroom ngoku ayinakutyiwa. Kufuneka mazingabhidaniswa yangaphakathi cortinarius. Cap unalo ububanzi of 100-120 mm. Ekuqaleni isiphathele imilo intsimbi, nto leyo ekugqibeleni uba amcaba kumngcipheko egosogoso. Umbala cap yahluka phakathi omthubi, brown and brown. Lonke mushroom ligutyungelwe yencindi yomlomo. Leg ifikelela 200 mm ubude, kufane shank. umbala wayo - ezimhlophe, idibane unomona oluhlaza. Kumlenze bangabhaqa amasuntswana ngokohlobo lunamahlwili amhlophe namakhonkco.

Kukho olunye uhlobo efanayo bubuhlungu esibulalayo - Cortinarius splendens. Kuyinto inqabile. yayo lula kakhulu ukufumana kwi umnqwazi eqaqambileyo omthubi, yencindi nezikhuselekileyo. Kufunyenwe emahlathini coniferous.

webcaps ezibulalayo (mushroom ezibulalayo enobuhlungu, iintlobo ezifanayo kuzo ziye thaca ingqalelo yakho ngasentla) kwakhona mazingabhidaniswa ezithile ekufaneleyo ukutyiwa ngabantu zomngundo. It hygrophorus nebomvu, mlechnik camphor kwaye uchwetheze Armillaria - armillyariya glubnieva. Umahluko omkhulu ukusuka mushroom Armillaria esinetyhefu iyafumaneka kwi yakhe amabhanti ngomlenze imbola neepleyiti red - ukusuka Armillaria aselemhlophe okanye lipholi ezityheli.

ngezigaba

Yintoni enye eyaziwayo olu ngundo njengoko webcaps ezibulalayo? enetyhefu ezibulalayo mushroom, Ukuhlelwa ebandakanya le datha ilandelayo:

• Superkingdom - eukaryotes.
• Kingdom - obude.
• Subkingdom - fungi aphezulu.
• Division - Basidiomycetes.
• Branch - Agarikomikotina.
• Iklasi - agaricomycetes.
• Subclass - agaricales.
• Family - cortinariaceae.
• Intonga - cortinarius.
• Subgenus - Leprotsibe.
• View - cortinarius ezintle.
• World Igama Scientific: Cortinarius rubellus Cooke.

izinto eziyityhefu

Cortinarius ezintle - a mushroom enqabileyo ezibulalayo enobuhlungu, equlethe enamandla kakhulu ityhefu polypeptide complex - orellanine. Yena angalahlekelwa umgangatho walo emva kokuqhutyelwa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ezingenabungozi, uyibeka kwimeko asidi, kunye nezinye omisa. Akukaziwa liyehla kuphela phantsi kwempembelelo kwelanga nemitha yelanga. Le Umngundo iqulethe 7.5 mg orellanine 1 g somngundo womisa nganye.

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukongeza orellanine, makhowa ezi-2 polypeptide - kortinarin A no-B, zicacisa ukuba nobuninzi lemiboniso kwizikhalazo nomonde. Ubukho joint kula amathathu ezichongiweyo iintlobo ezimbini kuphela yentsapho fungi: webcaps ezibulalayo (obudaywe) umsobomvu-ebomvu.

Iimpawu eziphambili, kwaye ngokukhawuleza indlela zivela

Ngenxa inani elikhulu lezifundo, oko kumiselwa ukuba umzimba omkhulu, nto leyo echaphazela orellanine are zinamaqhina. Ngenxa kwelinye yayo nangokuvela metabolites, kidney epithelial iiseli ukuvelisa radicals ezamahala, kukho ukutshatyalaliswa imifinya iseli, inhibition of phosphatase obrak kwaye ovelisa protein, kwakunye umonakalo DNA kunye RNA izakhiwo.

Umonakalo emzimbeni kungabangela nokuba imali encinci imveliso. 40 g amakhowa esandula waluthatha, Ukudla, inokukhokelela ekufeni. Yiloo nto ukusindisa ubomi bakhe Kucetyiswa ukuba ngoyaba cortinarius sinombala-obomvu umbala, aqokelele amakhowa kuzo zonke ekrokrisayo.

Lo mfanekiso kwezonyango syndrome orellaninovogo ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke susceptibility ngamnye ukuya ekwayityhefu. Kwimeko yityhefu kunye webcaps ezibulalayo kukho ezine zezigaba sifo.

ingozi Special ubuthi orellanine kukuba iimpawu ngenxa qhagamshelana wayo umzimba kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kwexesha elide xa kakhulu ixesha, kwaye wonke umntu uya kukulibala malunga nokusetyenziswa amakhowa ngokukhuselekileyo. Kukho amaxesha apho iimpawu kwenzeka emva kweentsuku 7-14. Ngeli ukonakalisa isigulane bangafumana isicaphucaphu, isidingo esikhulu othululwayo, imvakalelo ukoma kunye nokutshiswa emlonyeni, apho inokuba uyagabha, izinto ezibuhlungu apha esiswini. Le meko kungenzeka unokuthatha iiveki 1 ukuya 2. Ukuba ixesha akafuni cela uncedo, kuba asikabi ekufeni. Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, xa imeko yomguli sinobuzaza kakhulu, ukufa kwenzeka iinyanga emva-5 emva komhla ukusetyenziswa mushroom enetyhefu.

Kwimeko kwinqanaba elifutshane iyabulala, zingaphelanga iintsuku 2-3, lisekwa ukusilela etsolo kwezintso abanenqanaba oligoanuricheskim elide. Kakhulu sigula zizigulo abantwana kunye nabantu abadala.

Ukuba nephropathy igcinwe ixesha elide, ngo ne30-50% amatyala, oko ilandelwa yi ukuyilwa kwefom okondeleyo ukusilela kwezintso.