Yintoni sengqondo esixhalabisayo? IDementia: izinto, iifomu, isifo, unyango

Yintoni na esixhalabisayo, ziziphi iimpawu zesi sifo yaye njani sibaphathe ngayo? Elinye igama le sifo - sengqondo esixhalabisayo, nto leyo ibandakanya iqela elikhulu iimpawu. Ezi mpawu zichaphazela ubuchule yengqondo nezentlalo zezigulane, echaphazela nzulu ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Namhlanje sifunda ukuba esixhalabisayo saka, iimpawu, unyango lwesi sifo. Kananjalo kunceda ukuqonda indlela ukujongana nomntu onjengaye ukunceda yaye yintoni ayinqwenelayo ukukhusela.

Symptomatology ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lesi sifo

Ukuze uqonde into esixhalabisayo, kuyafuneka ukuze ufumanise ukuba ziintoni ukubonakalalisa sifo. Le ezilolu hlobo, ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha yophuhliso iimpawu zesifo:

Kuthe kusenjalo iimpawu zesifo:

- Iziphazamiso.

- akhawunti Ukuphelelwa kwexesha.

- Ilahleko yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo kwindawo eqhelekileyo.

2 iimpawu sigaba sengqondo esiyingozi;

- Memory ukulahlekelwa malunga kwanabo zeziganeko ezenzeka kutshanje.

- Ilahleko ye yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo.

- Kunzima odlulisela.

- asibi (umntu akakwazi ukukhonza wena, hamba uye kunxiba, ukutya, njl ...).

dementia saka, iimpawu zayo kwinqanaba lesithathu le migca zilandelayo:

- Kukho kukwaphula kunye nelahleko yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo ngexesha kunye nendawo.

- Umntu uyayeka ukuba ukubona ngisho bantu basondeleyo.

- Yena eyeka ukwenza izinto ezisisiseko ngaye (ukuba ukunxiba, badle, njl ...).

- Igcwele umntu akakwazi ukuhambisa ngokuzimeleyo.

- Uye abangenakuzeyisa umchamo kunye ngendle.

- Ivela ukuziphatha uncharacteristic zomntu oluqhelekileyo abadala (ndlongo, obhabhama ngumsindo, uvalo).

ukuqondwa kwesifo

Xa iimpawu zokuqala kakuhle inkumbulo, ingqalelo, ukuziphatha kufuneka ngokukhawuleza ukuya specialist, ngubani na oya kuninika ulwalathiso wawo ukuya kuvala ingxingwa uthotho lweemvavanyo ukwenzela ukuphelisa esi sifo kuthiwa dementia. Lokufunyaniswa sifo kukuba ukwenza iinkqubo ezifana:

- ngekhompyutha Itomography.

- iradionuclide scan ebuchotsheni.

- electroencephalogram - indlela yophando lomsebenzi zombane kwengqondo.

- Khangela imithambo yegazi.

- iimviwo kwiBacteriological kolwelo fluid - kulwelo elijikeleza ventricles ingqondo.

- Biopsy osisiqu ebuchotsheni.

- Gqibezela wegazi kunye urinalysis.

- iimviwo yi luvo, wengqondo, zamehlo.

Iifom iintlobo zezifo

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini dementia:

1. Iyonke.
2. Partial.

Eyesibini into semvelo ukutenxa kakhulu kwinkumbulo elifutshane-gama linye utshintsho ngokweemvakalelo ixesha hayi ngokukodwa libizwe. Kukho ukhalela kuphela nobuzaza kakhulu.

Dementia luphawulwa ngetotali ukuthotywa okupheleleyo. Umntu uphula ngokwasengqondweni, ngokwasengqondweni, kwinqanaba ngokweemvakalelo lobomi, iimvakalelo zakhe neemvakalelo ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, isigulane ezilahlekileyo nemvo ihlazo, umsebenzi, ayinalo umdla ebalulekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo.

Ngoku kuziguqulela ndidi zesi sifo, kule meko ingqondo dementia wohlulwe:

- Ukuhlupheka Uhlobo atrophic (lo -Alzheimer noPick ngayo). Oku kwenzeka kwisiqalo yokusabela sisiba mandundu zaseprayimari kwiiseli ze CNS.

- dementia anxulumene nemithambo iphuhlise ngenxa yegazi kwegazi ngokungafanelekanga kwinkqubo olujikeleza ebuchotsheni.

- isifo uhlobo mixed - yikhompawundi yeentlobo ezimbini zokuqala sifo.

oonobangela

iingxaki dementia zihlolisiswe ixesha elide, kodwa abanye abantu abazi ukuba esi sifo ayikho baziswa yabantu nakoomoya abakhohlakeleyo (ngamnye kholwa). Kwakhona ikakhulukazi ukuqonda imiba umngcipheko esi sifo, ngaphandle yokuba eli kuphela ubudala. Noko ke, oku akunjalo. Sengqondo esixhalabisayo kwenzeka ngenxa yeemeko ezithile. Ubangelwa kugula ziquka:

- yofuzo.

- Ukubakho ezimbi ezikhokelela ukutshatyalaliswa okanye ukonakala kweeseli zengqondo.

- ukulimala skull.

- Ithumba ebuchotsheni.

- Alcoholism.

- multiple.

- kobuchopho Viral.

- Chronic meningitis.

- Neurosyphilis.

isifo Pick ngayo

Elinye igama isifo - i-dementia ngokungqalileyo lubonisa ubukho ukungaqheleki sisiba mandundu zihlasele isithinzi zexeshana kunye ngokungqalileyo zobuchopho. Ngowe-50% amatyala sifo Pick nantsiya ngenxa into yemfuza. Top isifo utshintsho ezingundoqo ezifana:

- passivity kunye bodwa kuluntu;

- cwaka;

- silale;

- indiva imithetho sibuye;

- uhenyuzo;

- ngumchamo womchamo;

- ukudla - nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ezinxulumene ekudleni. Kuba kugula iphawulwa ukunyuka elibukhali ukutya, oqala ngendlala kabuhlungu.

Abantu abo wamxabela ngale sifo, musa ubomi iminyaka engaphezu kwama-10. Baya kufa nokungakwazi okanye genitourinary usuleleko, miphungeni.

dementia utshwala: Iimpawu

Olu hlobo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni ixesha elide ukuya utywala kwi ebuchotsheni (iminyaka 15-20). State yingqondo utywala ukuze sibe sibi emva kokuba ukungaphumeleli elipheleleyo emikhuhlaneni iziselo ezinxilisayo. Olu hlobo yingqondo abantu abadala rhoqo kudla utywala. Imali yokusebenzisa ngokuqhelekileyo ezanda iiglasi ezine zewayini ngeveki yaye ukuya inani mda lemini. Xa komqondo zotywala izigulane abafumana zezigulo ezahlukeneyo engqondweni, kuquka kwengqondo, ukudakumba, ukuxhalaba, bengenamdla. Kwakhona, kukho nokungalali, ukudideka ebusuku, ukuba nochuku, iveze. Ukuba umntu akafuni ayeke ngexesha kwaye musa ukuqala unyango, ngoko ke zestrowuku kwenzeke. Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko kulo mzekelo, musa ukubaleka isifo kwaye ngoyaba isigulane.

unyango lwezifo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazinzulu ziye abadalelwanga omnye ummangaliso ipilisi ukuba wayeza kuba nako ukunyanga esi sifo. Yintoni sengqondo esixhalabisayo, wazi ngokuzibonela nezigidi ezingama-35 amakhaya ehlabathini lonke. ukuba inani lezigulane babala World Health Organization. Kodwa unako ukuphucula imeko umntu ochaphazelekayo, esazi kwaye wenze ngokungqongqo la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Ukunakekela, ukuthobela wokhuseleko malunga kwiindidi ezinjalo lwabantu.
2. Ukuchongwa nonyango ngexesha lwezifo ezihamba.
3. Hayi bangabonwa kunyuswe kunye nokulungiswa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye zokulala.
4. Drug therapy.

Treatment kunye amayeza isifo i-Alzheimer, umzekelo, kuquka icwecwe ezifana "Amiridin", "Memantine", "selegine". A ukusebenzisa ezi izisombululo ukuba unyango sengqondo esiyingozi semithambo, njengoko "galantamine", "Nicergoline".

Ukuvimbela stroke njengonobangela le dementia kunokwenzeka, ugqirha ukubekwa iziyobisi nxamnye thrombosis, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukunciphisa cholesterol. Kwakhona specialist umisele amayeza isigulane zalala ngcono. A ukuphazamiseka zengqondo ugqirha ukubekwa nadlamkisayo, lakhula kunye like. D.
Unyango yingqondo ngaloo mayibhekiswe ekupheliseni iimpawu, ukuphucula inkumbulo, ubuchule bengqondo kunye nomsebenzi motor.

ukuvimbela

Yintoni sengqondo esixhalabisayo, wafumanisa ukuba, ngoku lixesha lokuba bafunde amanyathelo ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwesi sifo:

1. Ukubambelela ubomi obusempilweni ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
2. Kuyimfuneko ukwenza imithambo yengqondo yonke imihla (qashi, iiphazili, iincwadi zokufunda, kunye nengxoxo wayo ozakube usaqhutywa, njalo njalo. N.)
3. Umyinge lokubuyisela emva ukubandezeleka ngesibetho, kobuchopho kunye nezinye izifo, enokuthi ukuphuhlisa emva sengqondo esixhalabisayo.
4. unyango kwangethuba izifo amalungu yangaphakathi kubantu abadala.
5. esweni olugunyazisiweyo yamanqanaba iswekile egazini.
6. Uthintelo yamafutha (isondlo kunye nokuzimisela yonyaka profile lipid - isifundo egazini lwemithambo).
7. Sebenza a imveliso non-ityhefu.
8. Ukulawula amazinga yegazi.
9. Ukuyeka ugwayi.

kunjalo impazamo bekholelwa ukuba ngokwenza zonke ezi zinto zichazwe ngasentla ungaqalisi esi sifo. Ukwehla kokusebenza kakhulu into ilifa, kuba nezifo ezininzi idluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kwaye kungenza sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwazi indlela baziphathe ngokunxulumene umntu ochaphazelekayo, yaye oko kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo.

Iingcebiso kwizigulane kunye izihlobo zabo

dementia saka, iimpawu zazo uthuthela ibakala omnye komnye, ngaloo inkqubela ukuba waqonda ngokwaneleyo izihlobo umntu ogulayo. Kwaye oku kufuneka uncede isalamane sakho umbilini, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokhuseleko. Kulo mzekelo, ungasebenzisa ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:

1. Ukulungiselela isicwangciso unonophelo abagulayo. Lo msebenzi kufuneka wenziwe kwaye ngokwakho ukuqonda ukuba yintoni injongo kweliso abadala. Ukudala eso sicwangciso, kuyimfuneko nokubonisana oogqirha, amagqwetha kunye namanye amalungu entsapho. Nazi iingongoma eziphambili apho isizalwane kufuneka iphendulwe:

- Yintoni na ALS konyango? Yintoni lokulindela kule unyango?

- Ingaba kufuneka care lomntu okanye aze aphile yedwa?

- Ngoobani amalungu entsapho iya kuba ikakhulu uxanduva umguli?

- Ingaba kuyimfuneko ukunceda umntu adle, asele, iziyobisi, geza?

- nokuba ukufakelwa kwezixhobo zokhuseleko efunekayo endlwini apho isigulane (umzekelo, abeke lithathelwe ethambileyo abesezimbombeni ifenitshala, athenge ngebhedi ekhethekileyo, ukwenza uphothe kwi windows, faka iikhamera, njalo njalo).?

- Ingaba kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthintela umntu ukuba uqhuba imoto?

- Yintoni iminqweno isigulana malunga amayeza kwaye umvelelayo?

2. Thenga ikhalenda ekhethekileyo yonke imihla.

Kule dayari kuba yimfuneko ukuba bazigcine zonke izinto imisebenzi malunga apho umntu ochaphazelekayo ongayilibala ukuya ukucoca amazinyo. Kwaye phambi kwento nganye kuya kufuneka ukuba abeke uphawu ukuba sele igqityiwe. esibathandayo ndlela khangela yonke khalenda eyenza isigulana, owathi kamva, uya kukhokelwa ngcono kwimicimbi yemihla ngemihla kunye nenkxalabo.

3. Gcina umyalelo kunye nobume abaphulaphuli ekhaya.

indawo esisigxina, cwaka eziqhelekileyo uya kuphelisa ukukhathazeka, ukuphazamiseka, ukudideka. Kodwa ke isimo esitsha, kwaye izinto ziza kuphazamisana kuphela kunye nemiyalelo yokuba izigulane sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kwaye baqeqeshwe kakuhle kwaye bafunde izinto ezintsha kubo.

4. Beka umntu ochaphazelekayo ukulala kwangethuba.

Izenzo kunye nezenzo abalupheleyo kubi ebusuku ngenxa ukudinwa okanye, umzekelo, ngenxa yokukhathazeka, ixhala ebangelwa ukuhla luminance. Ngoko ke, abantu ukunyamekela abagulayo, kufuneka nokuba sikuhambise nkusungula inkqubo ecacileyo ukuba bonke ubusuku ngexesha kaThixo. Oku kufuna ukuba isigulane ukuba lirhoxe kule TV okanye amalungu osapho esebenzayo. Ungaze ukunika umntu ikofu abadala, ingakumbi emva kwemini.

Amava ebuhlungu abantu ebino lwezigulane

Abantu abaye sazibonela ingxaki, ozibonileyo unyamekele ilungu losapho ogulayo, ngokufuthi babelane ngamava abo bekudla kwi Internet. Ngapha koko, ezingaqhelekanga eyoyikisayo kakhulu ukubona, njengomntu omdala, indoda ngempumelelo uguqulwe umntwana lowo akaphenduli amagama abo okanye izenzo. Ngoko ke abantu abaninzi bayaxhasana, babelane ngamava abo unyango kunye nothintelo lwezifo ezifana sengqondo esiyingozi. Izimvo abantu kwafuneka ukuba sihlale sisondele umntu moronic kwi kwiiforam bathi kunzima kakhulu ukumelana nawo xa kufuphi ekhaya, kodwa ngaxeshanye kunye ongamaziyo. Abanye ndiwuphalazela kum umphefumlo, bathi, nintywizisa nincwina, ngenxa yokuba uyisemkhulu zintanda, umakhulu, unina, uyise wabamba nesi sifo. Noko ke, bonke baxhase iintsapho zabo kunye nabantu ababathandayo ungalahli ithemba lokuba baya kuba ngcono. Kwaye oku kakhulu xa ufunyansiwe, kuba sonke sifuna ukubona abo babathandayo basempilweni yaye bonwabile. Kodwa kukho ncomo ezimbi, kwaphela mnandi kwaye baphathe gadalala. Abantu nje azikwazi ukumelana iindlela ezimanyumnyezi enjalo isalamane, ukuba silinde, kwaye engayi kukubona ukufa kwakhe, ecaleni ngokwabo lo mthwalo.

Kodwa ngokwesiseko engalunganga. Emva isigulana akanatyala, waba lixhoba le sifo ezifana sengqondo esiyingozi. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi omthandayo ukunyanga utshintsho yengqondo ezifana onengqondo, akunakwenzeka baxabane uligxeke umntu ndini, kukwabalulekile ukuba ukulawula ukuziphatha kwalo. Simele sikhumbule ukuba esingalaziyo izenzo zabo kunye namagama, ngoko akuyomfuneko ukuba ukungqina nantoni na, ngandlel 'ithile, yaye ukuqinisekisa babecalucalulwa ngakumbi. izihlobo kwakhona xa iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo kufuneka ubonise oogqirha zabo lilungu losapho elichaphazelekayo. Neengcali kuya kukunceda ukhethe iimveliso kuphucula iinkqubo pathways ebuchotsheni, yaye ngenxa kwesi sifo akuthethi ukuba zimbi.

Sinqwenela ukuba usapho kunye nabahlobo abaye bahlala ezandleni lezigulane ezinjalo, nomonde, ezolileyo nokuqonda. Kufuneka ukuba ukunxibelelana rhoqo umntu obuthathaka-nye nonke, ngenxa yokuba kufuneka unxibelelwano ngomlomo. Kaloku, ukuba yonke intsapho iya kuxhasa lowo uphumeza iziguli olupheleleyo, ngokunjalo ngubani na okunene nqa ke aya kunceda iliso ukuziphatha kwakhe.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba yintoni na esixhalabisayo, iimpawu, unyango lwe komqondo abadala. Siye safumanisa ukuba xa umntu iimpawu eziphambili sifo, ngoko kufuneka shelve iphulo bezifo, okanye isifo baya kuqhubela phambili kuphela. Kwaye ke isigaba sokuqala ugqirha sifo kunokunceda nkulu izigulane amachiza uyakhululwa ukuba ukuphucula iinkqubo inkumbulo kunye pathways apha ebuchotsheni. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba anonophele ngenxa kwi lungu intsapho, kuba ngokucacileyo yena swi nga pfuna kule meko.