Eyona engundoqo yokulinganisa yemisebenzi yoqoqosho

Xa ezoqoqosho, unako ukufumana into efana umlinganiselo womsebenzi woqoqosho. Ukuze wenze oku, kuqala sifumanisa ukuba ukufunda economics. Njengoko lé ubomi boluntu , abaninzi abamaziyo, yintoni na le khosi. Siza kuthetha zezoqoqosho njengendlela yokuziqeqesha yenzululwazi.

Imvelaphi imbono ezoqoqosho nje isayensi

Kubonakele ngaphambili kude, kumaxesha amandulo. Kuba okokuqala ngaye ukhankanya ukuba sisazinzulu yamaGrike yamandulo noXenophon kwinkulungwane 5. BC Abaphengululi yamandulo imali ngale ndlela leyi ku zoku-. Oku kuyaqondakala. Phantse yonke uqoqosho ingqiqo lesiGrike isixeko-ithi ibe oosomashishini abancinane kunye abarhwebi. Amagcisa, abalimi, abakhi. Kwakungekho neenkampani zikarhulumente enkulu eMpuma. Oku kungenxa sezulu onomoya kunye nokungabikho imfuneko ukubethelela imisebenzi zonkcenkceshelo (ezantsi) okanye zokucoca (ngasentla). Noqoqosho lonke ilizwe lizele koonovenkile. A uhlobo namashishini abasakhasayo ixesha lethu. Abarhwebi kunye oonovenkile anjalo usebenzsa eziphambili yemisebenzi yoqoqosho ngelo xesha.

Economics nje isayensi namhlanje

Uqoqosho mihla kakhulu ezahlukeneyo, kunye neenkampani enamandla bezizwe ngezizwe kunye neefektri. Ngelo langoku kwelinqanaba isayensi yahlulwe Uqoqosho lwesizwe, microeconomics, kunye nehlabathi.

Yintoni microeconomics

Eli binzana isuntswana ekwafanekisa intsingiselo yokuqala ingcamango "kuqoqosho" eGrisi yamandulo. Oko kukuthi, eli isayensi lifunda amaqumrhu ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho, ubudlelwane babo, iingxaki, njl Ngamanye amazwi, amashishini ezizimeleyo ngaphakathi kumasebe noqoqosho lweli lizwe. Ubunzima mthetho, ubudlelwane kunye nabanye kunye norhulumente.

Uqoqosho

A mbono ngokubanzi. It ufunda kuqoqosho njengoko sphere lonke kubomi boluntu. Iingxaki zobuhlwempu, zemakethi yabasebenzi xa iyonke. Lusetyenziswa Uqoqosho izxhobo eziphambili yemisebenzi yoqoqosho. Kuba iyimfuneko ingxelo epheleleyo imeko yezoqoqosho zikarhulumente.

Yokulinganisa yemisebenzi yoqoqosho. inzululwazi loluntu zifundo

Ixabiso kwezoqoqosho zinika umfanekiso opheleleyo inkqubo yemveliso, usasazo kunye nokusetyenziswa kuqoqosho.

Umzekelo, thatha le meko kwezolimo. Usebenzsa engundoqo yengxelo mali kwezoqoqosho amasi zaveliswa. Ngo-2010, eli lizwe wavelisa million 500 iitoni le mveliso (mzobo sithathwa njengomzekelo kwaye ebonisa kunyaka kulo imveliso). Waza ke kunyaka olandelayo, abezoqoqosho ingxelo ukuba ukwehla 20 ekhulwini. Lo ngumzekelo kwezalathisi esemgangathweni, leyo bangahlaziya imeko yezoqoqosho lonke kwimveliso yobisi. Okulandelayo, baqala ukuqonda ukuba kutheni kukho iintlekele kwakhokelela ekwehleni ezibukhali ezifana.

Usebenzsa eziphambili yemisebenzi yoqoqosho zezi:

• imveliso Gross kazwelonke (GNP).
• I-Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Yokulinganisa yemisebenzi yoqoqosho. Ingcamango GDP

imveliso yasekhaya Gross - umlinganiselo wamcacisela inani ixabiso lemarike imveliso yokugqibela ngaphakathi elizweni. Kuthetha ukuthini? Thatha imveliso imoto njengomzekelo. Ziqulethe ungamalungu amaninzi kunye neendibano. Amavili, injini, ziveliswe kwi mveliso ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ezi yunithi njengoko iindawo lolaleliso emarikeni, aqukiwe kwi-GDP. Kodwa ukuba zinikelwe kwenye mveliso kwaye bayilungisa imoto, ngoko ixabiso labo kulo mzobo ayibandakanyi, njengoko kweendleko sokugqibela ixabiso koomatshini wabeka. Oku kuthiwa "imveliso yokugqibela", okt nalowo uza kwimarike esele zenziwe. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngokuzenzela babebiza imali ezi izingqinisiso esemagqabini.

Ungafumana into efana GDP ngamnye. Le nto ke udibaniso zonke iimpahla zokugqibela eziveliswa lahlulwe ngenani abemi kweli lizwe. Kodwa ngempazamo abakholelwa ukuba apho manani aphezulu ngakumbi ngcono. Umgangatho ubomi emiselwe nezinye izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. kwemisebenzi, avareji umvuzo kunye yomhlala emanani ezisisiseko engundoqo ibhaskiti abathengi (a iseti iimveliso eziyimfuneko ukuze sisinde).

imveliso lwesizwe Gross (GNP)

Yokulinganisa yemisebenzi yoqoqosho, ezifana amanani GNP ziquka isixa imveliso yokugqibela ekhaya kunye nakwamanye amazwe. Hi xikombiso, ku Kazakhstan nkampani isebenza, ebhalisiweyo eRashiya. Byi rhoqo zonke iirhafu zasekuhlaleni, umqeshi, kodwa ingeniso evela kule lweshishini kuxhomekeke iirhafu Russian. Ngenxa yoko ke, amanani imveliso lweshishini uthathe ingqalelo amanani GDP, kodwa ungawuqwalaseli GDP. It is a ingqiqo ngokubanzi. Kwimveliso yesizwe sele kwimveliso yasekhaya kunye isixa imveliso yokugqibela ngaphandle kurhulumente.

Kwi imeko yoqoqosho olukhulu kweli lizwe uthetha kakhulu kwimveliso yasekhaya (GDP) kunokuba imveliso gross kazwelonke (GNP). Njengoko imisebenzi yokuqala ezimeleyo, inqanaba imveliso kweli lizwe, yaye ngenxa yoko nemozulu entle kwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko. Kodwa GDP ngumlinganiselo-mali yengeniso.

Kukho kwakhona kwinqanaba wokwenene kwinqanaba ngegama yokusebenza kwezoqoqosho. Kubalulekile namhlanje kwilizwe lethu. GDP, umzekelo, kulinganiswa e engange, kodwa ke inani lokwenene libonisa lwemali. Wokufunda lo mbono. Inqanaba GDP ngonyaka ngamnye, umzekelo, million 1 engange. Xa zeedollar, esi sixa-35 amawaka. Kunyaka olandelayo, GDP lanyuka ukuya 1.5 million engange. ukukhula ngama - ngama-50 ekhulwini. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukwehla kwamandla emali wesizwe dollar malunga nokukhula - ekhulwini kuphela 1 - 38 amawaka eerandi .. Lo ngumzekelo obalaseleyo izikhombisi zoqoqosho yokuntlokothiswa.