Yintoni interphase, okanye ube yeyona ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kumjikelo yeseli

Yintoni interphase? Eli gama livela kwigama lesiLatini "inkqubo" lithetha "phakathi" kunye yesiGrike "wasePhasis" - xesha. Le Sikwithuba elibaluleke kakhulu ngexesha apho iseli likhula yaye oluhlala izondlo ukulungiselela kwicandelo elilandelayo. Interphase lubaluleke kakhulu yomjikelo yeseli, no-90% yazo zonke iiseli zobomi iwela kuyo.

Yintoni interphase

Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkoliso amacandelo iiseli wakha kulo sigaba, ngoko anikezele oko zigaba ezithile umntu kunzima. Noko ke nezazi interphase uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu, ukhokelwa kwi-phindana deoxyribonucleic acid (iDNA) esiseleni nucleus.

Amaxesha interphase: Isigaba G (1), Isigaba S, isigaba G (2). ixesha Presynthetic (G1), ogama lakhe livela IsiNgesi GAP, eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "lokuphumla", kuqalise ngoko nangoko emva kokuba candelo. Kuyinto ixesha elide kakhulu, ihlale iiyure ezilishumi ukuya iintsuku eziliqela. Kwaba ngexesha wayenemfuyo kwezinto kunye namalungiselelo kabini lwe genetic material: uqala Yindibanisela RNA, wavelisa iiproteni eziyimfuneko.

Yintoni na le interphase kwixesha yakhe yokugqibela? Kwisigaba presynthetic olukhulayo inani ribosomes, ukwandisa kobuso reticulum erhabaxa endoplasmic kunye mitochondria kuvela ezintsha. Iseli, odlayo amandla amaninzi likhula ngokukhawuleza.

iiseli umahluko asaba kungenzeka ukuba ukwabelana, zibe kwisigaba yokuphumla ekuthiwa G0.

Eyona thuba interphase

Enoba yintoni iinkqubo kwenzeka iseli interphase, ngalunye subphases kubalulekile lokulungiselela ngokubanzi mitosis. Nangona kunjalo, ithuba eyenziweyo kubizwa izinto zatshintsha, ngenxa yokuba ngexesha zofuzo bakhe kabini kwaye uqale amalungiselelo kwangoko uqhekeko. RNA iyaqhubeka kuhlanganiswa, kodwa zaba ngokukhawuleza iiproteni zofuzo, DNA ukuphindaphindeka lokuqalisa.

iiseli Interphase kule ndawo ihlala ezintandathu ukuya ezilishumi iiyure. Ngenxa yoko, ngamnye zofuzo sele kabini yaye iquka iperi chromatids udade, neziye zithi ke ngoko diverge ukusuka izibonda edibanise mitotic. Kwisigaba zokwenziwa, ukuba liphindwe centrioles ukuba Kakade ke, ngaba ehokweni. Ngeli xesha, i zofuzo ingabonwa phantsi ngemicroscope.

yesithathu

Chromatids zofuzo ncam, njengoko omnye wabo - lomzali, kwaye eyesibini - beluphindwe ukusebenzisa isithunywa RNA.

Kamsinya nje kwakukho kabini epheleleyo genetic material ewonke iqala ixesha postsynthetic phambi lwahlulo. Oku kulandelwa ukuyilwa microtubules apho iya abunjwe kamva division edibanise kunye chromatids ziya diverge ukusuka zezibonda. Kwakhona egcinwe amandla, kuba ngexesha mitosis Yindibanisela izondlo lifinyele. Ubude bexesha postsynthetic iphantsi, ngokokuqhelekileyo ihlala kuphela nje iiyure ezimbalwa.

zokungena

Ngexesha lomjikelo kwiseli yeseli kufuneka zidlule uhlobo breakpoints - ebalulekileyo "uphawu", emva koko sihamba kwelinye inqanaba. Ukuba ezinye iiseli Kusenokwenzeka kudlula njengendawo, zonke zokumisa umjikelo yeseli, kwaye isigaba esilandelayo akayi kuqala de kube lelo xesha de bayiyeka ingxaki oko kuthintela ukuba badlule.

Kukho amanqaku ezine eziphambili, uninzi lwazo nje esibonakalayo. Ingongoma yokuqala ulawulo iseli udlula kwisigaba presynthetic, xa vingci DNA ngetshekhi. Ukuba yonke into ilungile, ngoko iqala ixesha zokwenziwa. It uxolelaniso point - ukuba ukujonga ukuchaneka DNA ukuphindaphindeka. Itshekhpoyinti kwisigaba postsynthetic - kukuba ukukhangela umonakalo okanye ezishiyelelweyo iingongoma ezimbini ezidlulileyo. Kwesi sigaba nazo zihlolwe ukuba yintoni umlinganiselo phindana iye yenzekile kunye neeseli. Musa Kwathi olu vavanyo abavumelekanga ukuba mitosis.

Iingxaki interphase

Ukuphazamiseka yomjikelo iseli kukhokelela nje kuphela ukungaphumeleli mitosis, kodwa ukuyilwa yamathumba eqinileyo. Ngaphezu koko, oko yenye yezizathu ezenze ukuba kwazo. Umyinge ngexesha lesigaba nganye, ke elifutshane ukuze abe, eyikhethayo kokugqitywa ngempumelelo izigaba ezilandelayo kunye nokungabikho iingxaki. iiseli Ithumba babe utshintsho kumjikelo cell yokuhlola.

Umzekelo, kwi iseli kunye DNA amagama umonakalo awufumaneki ngexesha interphase. Kukho zofuzo kubangela ilahleko okanye utshintsho zofuzo kwiproteni p53. Xa iiseli akukho ukuvaleka yomjikelo yeseli kunye mitosis iqala ekuqaleni. Isiphumo ezinjalo iziphene uba inani elikhulu iiseli njengesi, ukuba uninzi lwazo azinakuphila. Noko ke, ezo unako ukusebenza, kunokubangela iiseli yingozi, leyo walhule ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngenxa ekunciphiseni okanye ukungabikho kwisigaba ukuphumla. Iimpawu interphase kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba yamathumba yingozi owakhiwa ngayo iiseli njengesi bayakwazi ukwabelana ngokukhawuleza kangaka.

Ixesha le interphase

Nantsi imizekelo embalwa wobeka phi kubomi kwiseli kuthatha ixesha interphase, xa kuthelekiswa mitosis. Xa epithelium ye emathunjini amancinci yeempuku "kwisigaba yokuphumla" esiqhelekileyo kuthatha iiyure ubuncinane abalishumi elinambini, waza mitosis ithatha imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiyure. Iiseli okumisele horsebean umnqonqo wabahlula zonke ziiyure ezingama-25, kwaye isigaba M (mitosis) ithatha iyure yonke.

Yintoni na interphase emsebenzini yeseli? Le Sikwithuba elibaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle apho bekuya kuba akunakwenzeka mitosis nje kuphela, kodwa Iseli umsebenzi xa iyonke.