EStrasbourg Cathedral eFransi: isishwankathelo, inkcazelo, imbali kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Goethe wayibiza ngokuba "umthi Xikwembu," yaye UViktor Gyugo - ". Ummangaliso giant zaziwa ngokuba" Zonke ezi epithets zesihobe ukuchaza Cathedral eStrasbourg - nomda eJamani, France sixeko. eminyaka ezimbini lo isakhiwo ezinde ehlabathini. Le spire isonto kubonwa kude ngaphandle kwe eStrasbourg. silhouette lalo emva kwemini isibhakabhaka aleyuschego Ngumqondiso lo mzi. Le spire ibonakala nkqu ukusuka kwelinye icala iRhine, owenza umda mihla. Ngoko ke, i eStrasbourg Cathedral eJamani bacinga ngayo yabo (kuthathelwa ingqalelo imbali Alsace kunye Lorraine). Le ibandla uyingangamsha yaye inomkhitha ngexesha elifanayo. Nkqu kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye, eli xesha amafu, Notre Dame, eStrasbourg, uphakathi yesithandathu kwihlabathi ngokwemiqathango ukuphakama etempileni. Kwaye kugcina bakhokela njengoko ubume likhulu kule ngxondorha obufutshane-like yelitye. Makhe ukhenketho le nkonzo ikhethekileyo zwe.

Indlela ukufika ku eStrasbourg Cathedral

Fumana le zokwakha kulula - nenqaba ephakamileyo 142 imitha ubonakale kude. Kodwa kumbindi eStrasbourg, eyakhelwe kwisiqithi engqongwe emlanjeni Ile. izakhiwo isiqingatha-ngamaplanga ashinyeneyo kunye ukwanekwa kwendawo balcony ecaleni emxinwa izitrato aphakathi ngokutsha n'wina. Kukho iindawo ezininzi umdla womelele andiyilibali apho bahlalele ukuza kumbamba. ngequbuliso eStrasbourg Cathedral livela kuzo zonke uzuko yayo emnyango emxinwa lesitalato Mercier. It ifikeleleka ngendlea ewela ibhulorho kwi Vieux Marche aux Poisson (kufutshane Museum Historical). Ukusuka kule ndawo yaye ihlumelo. Ukuba lisondela, kuphela amaqhekeza lwefacade esinoshicilelwa, kodwa hayi omkhulu-emhle ngokupheleleyo. Hi ndlela leyi, kwicala lasekunene ezitalatweni Mercier esidala isiqingatha-ngamaplanga indlu Kammerzell (cent XV.), Ezihonjiswe eqingqiweyo somthi - ngoku kukho ivenkile sisipho esikhulu.

Cathedral eStrasbourg: History

Modern Alsace yake inxalenye enkulu uBukhosi baseRoma. Ngoko ke akukho nto ayimangalisi kwi yokuba intliziyo yokuhlala mbobo Argentoratum kumi amaqaba. Kamva eStrasbourg wafumana igama layo ngoku kumazwi amabini German: "Strasse" - endleleni "nenqaba" - woxande olude okanye idolophu enqatyisiweyo. Xa ubuKristu waba zonqulo, ekutshatyalalisweni lamaqaba, waqala ukwakha ibandla endaweni yayo. Malunga sewaka abemi "Izixeko endleleni 'ukuze loo kwavela imfuneko kwi Cathedral. Ilitye yokuqala babekwa ekwakhiweni Bishop Verner Gabsburgsky ngo-1015. Kakade ke, kwi engumshumayeli-oko kwaba yecawa eqhelekileyo Romanesque. A umlilo 1176 watshabalalisa uphahla ngomthi nakwimigangatho aphezulu. Ngoko, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwakhiwe yecawa samatye. Kuye kwaziswa evela kwiintaba ezikufuphi - Vosges. Sandstone na emangalisayo likhanye ipropati pink ukutshona kwelanga okanye ukuphuma kwelanga.

EStrasbourg Cathedral (France) kunye amampunge Episcopal

Kwinkulungwane weshumi kwakunjalo fashion Gothic. imizi Western yaseYurophu akhuphisana phakathi kwabo oya kwakha enyangweni, indlu enkulu kunye ezintle zikaThixo. I-Bishop of eStrasbourg zaye nomthetho umxakatho bakhe Basel, Ulm kunye nabo Cologne. Ngoko ke, akazange nanceba imali ukubhala labazobi kakhulu nendlela (kwaye ihlawulwe kakhulu) ukwakha nendlu yakhe. Kakade ke, akazange alinde ukuba ekupheleni komsebenzi yaye wabona indalo yinzwakazi. Emva kokufa ubhishophu wahlawula isakhiwo umasipala - consuls kunye abemi abaqhelekileyo. Kwaye ke kaloku ukuba nezinyuko eMpuma naseMazantsi, kwakunye ikwayari yacula e- isimbo Romanesque, yaye inxalenye esentshona enqabeni - Gothic. Hi ndlela leyi, isicwangciso Kujongwe ukwakhiwa yayo enye, Southern, spire. Kodwa kuye, esi sixeko akazange abe nexesha elaneleyo. design yezi ikwenza yodwa. Inqaba imitha-142-high lasentla wagqitywa 1439.

Olungaphambili lasentshonalanga

Akukho ungxamile ukuya ngaphakathi. Efanayo isiko zonke ngabakhenkethi i uhambo ngenyameko ubungqina olucingisiswe esakhiweni iyingangamsha. EStrasbourg Cathedral eFransi idume kwemi yayo entshonalanga. Oku wobugcisa inyaniso High Gothic. Njengelinye labazobi kwakukho Erwin von Steinbach. Yena ngo 1284 yaye yaqulunqa olungaphambili wasentshona, namawaka ekroliweyo kunye ezintle window-elisesifubeni lesinxibo. Xa imali ukwakhiwa akwanelanga, umakhi wathengisa ihashe lakhe waza wanikela imali kuyimfuneko. Kwinkulungwane elinesine yaba wezakhiwo oyintloko Ulrich von Ensingen, uMdali yecawa Ulm. A odumileyo North Tower yagqitywa uJohann Hulttsem - Cologne inkosi. Amawaka ekroliweyo zamatye iintsimbi banxibe olungaphambili olusentshona eStrasbourg Cathedral, kubandakanywa zonke iincwadi Gothic ephakathi. iglasi Wonderful nebala kubhetele ukukhangela ngaphakathi. Them ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi wokugqibela, amaNazi Balisusa, kodwa kamva urhulumente German bawabuyisele kunye amalaphu ezibiweyo nemizobo.

behla kobuhle southern

I eStrasbourg Cathedral nqwelo yokucima ngokupheleleyo. Iyazigatya ingqalelo kuphela spire ubude kunye eqingqiweyo ngokobutyebi Beje kobuhle yasentshona. Ii Southern input nayo umdla kakhulu. It is Zazihonjiswe akukho qela ngaphantsi odumileyo oqingqiweyo "ICawa kunye esinagogeni." Ngexesha yenkolo nxamnye ze- eli bali mbalwa njengoko ukulwa Roman kwakuphethe kunye neenkolelo zamaKristu ophikisana. Gargoyles, abasebenzi imvula emijelweni, ngokungathi sithi: ". Ngaphandle Catholic Church akukho usindiso" Olungaphambili zwe kwi portal ezintathu yomnyango omkhulu, sibona imeko unqulo izazi. Kukho sculpture abaprofeti beTestamente eNdala kunye Ukholo Entsha. Amanani yimizekeliso ukubonisa isono kunye nesidima.

ingaphakathi ezinika umdla zotyelelo

hamba ngoku ngaphakathi yecawa, ingakumbi ukususela ekungeneni ukhululekile. EStrasbourg Cathedral, uyaqhubeka esenza imisebenzi yawo itempile ezikhoyo, ngoko ebudeni yokungena wenkonzo kuphela abakhenkethi. Ngaphakathi icawa zinokuhonjiswa akukho obutofotofo ngaphantsi ngaphandle. Good ukuza apha ilanga - ngoko iifestile zeglasi nebala khangela mihle ngakumbi. Yintoni ukuba miss eStrasbourg Cathedral? Lo ngumgca alefwaya okudalwe nomkroli Dottsingerom ngenkulungwane ye-elinesihlanu. Nikelani ingqalelo amalaphu, imizobo kwimixholo yonqulo, ilungu yamandulo. Kakhulu ipulpiti elihle ezihonjiswe eqingqiweyo eliqela ngoweqela mgawuli Hans Hammer. Kunjalo kuyimfuneko ukujonga isiphelo i St. Lawrence ubone umfanekiso Nikolya Redera (kwi transept ngasentla).

Tower

Qiniseka ukuba onokunyuka spire, leyo ebekwa yi-eStrasbourg Cathedral. EStrasbourg kunye neqonga bunokulolongeka - nhla. Ukongeza, usenokucinga ezinye eqingqiweyo kunye gargoyles kufuphi. Ukuba kunzima ukuba anyuke ngezinyuko emxinwa uwele, khumbula: ezi zigaba woyisa Goethe kunye Stendhal. Ke yokugqibela Wenjenjalo ke yonke imihla, kude kube wafunda kwiYunivesithi eStrasbourg. Ngoko ke ukuba unyangiwe yokoyika abantu eziphakamileyo. Le spire de kweyeshumi elinesibhozo (ngoxa kugqitywa Cologne Cathedral) wahlala isakhiwo eliphezulu kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngexesha French Revolution wayeza kutshabalalisa Tower yentsimbi. Kuthiwa, yena ebulungelelanisile yomgaqo wolingano. Kodwa abahlali basekuhlaleni zinokuhonjiswa yakhe cap waseFrigiya (njengophawu lwenkululeko), kwaye amandla nabavukeli ezizinzululwazi yathathwa. Amangeno kwinqaba uhlawule 4.5 euro umntu omdala kwaye 2.5 - abantwana kunye nabafundi.

clock nezizayo

Xa uthenga itikiti kwi North Tower, ungatyelela kwigalari, ndiye kwenqanaba eliphezulu yonke yecawa. Oku kuya kukunika ithuba elilodwa sihlolisise nokuhomba zeglasi anegazi elisesifubeni lesinxibo zwe. Kodwa etempileni, kukho omnye umdla ihlawulwe abakhenkethi. Le wotshi ngeenkwenkwezi of eStrasbourg Cathedral. Le chronometer wesithathu zaphuculwa kwaye ifakwe 1832. Phambi kwakhe imisebenzi clock ngeenkwenkwezi wakhonza isixeko ngokuthembeka ukususela 1574. Le iwashi lokuqala ibizwa 1353 Yintoni umdla kangaka ukubukela i eStrasbourg Cathedral? indlela Complex kubonisa umzila yoMhlaba kunye neNyanga, kwakunye nazo zonke ezaziwayo ngexesha iiplanethi. Ukongeza, nilinde Omtsha koNyaka ebusuku yenza utshintsho mpela kwaye ubonise umhla pripadaet "ezidadayo" iiholide yamaKatolika (Ista, Ascension, iPentekoste). mechanism Gear, yokubolekisana ngokucothayo, unoxanduva nokumisela axis precession komhlaba. Uya kwenza igophe elipheleleyo (ngaphandle kokuba, kakade, uya kusinda chronometer) iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu amawaka anamakhulu asibhozo.

izenzakalo

EStrasbourg Cathedral ebesoloko yadlala indima ephambili kubomi balo mzi. Apha, hayi nje ngentloko imfundiso. NgeCawa, kusasa, kwi yecawa, uyakwazi ukumamela Gregorian Chapel. kuvame kakhulu ezicwangciswe iikonsathi omzimba, kuquka ubudala, isixhobo Beje. Ingakumbi ukuba kuza ku eStrasbourg ehlotyeni. Okokuqala, imozulu ilulungele sibethwe ngumoya, yaye ukudada ngamajelo kwi emkhombeni. nabo fanayo ngexesha ebandayo, kodwa phezulu kubo okuphekwe. Njengoko ibhonasi, abakhenkethi ehlotyeni ukubona kukuhle. Rhoqo ngokuhlwa kwi square zilungelelaniswe Ikonsathi ezahlukeneyo phambi yecawa. A lot of spotlight kukhanyisa iindonga wesakhiwo ebalaseleyo umculo, kutheni kubonakala ukuba lo mfanekiso uze ebomini lwefacade.

Esi sixeko kunye ezinika yayo

EStrasbourg Cathedral i uhlobo lubalaseleyo. Kodwa ababuki ngenxalenye mzi ukhathele. Kakade ke, ukuqala iyazazi eStrasbourg kufuneka kunye nendlu yayo. reviews ngakumbi kucetyiswa musani wonqena kukhwela inqaba. Oku kuya kukunika lumelo olubonakalayo indawo lomzi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ungenza indlela zeehambo engaphezulu. Kufuneka utyelele i-Priste Ibhotwe, kwikota "wazifela France" Alsace Museum. Musa ukulibala ukuba ibekwe eStrasbourg kunye yaseYurophu Court of Human Rights. Asinto isakhiwo entsha kanye ndisembindini wesixeko, kwaye kuhle ukuba kwi tram. Izimvo abakhenkethi ukuba Kucetyiswa ngamandla, nokuba ixesha, olukhenketho ukhwele isikhephe ngamajelo omlambo Ile kunye zokuphuma zazo ezininzi.