River Paraná: umthombo kunye nohlobo lokuhamba

Paraná ke lowesibini umlambo elide eMzantsi Merika. Ngokutsho kwesi salathisi, ke wesibini kuphela Amazon. Ukuba ngokuyinxenye yenza umda yamazwe amathathu, Argentina, Brazil kunye Paraguay. Inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ngaphezulu Paraná River inikwa kweli nqaku ngezantsi.

Imvelaphi yegama

Kukho iinguqulelo eziliqela igama lo mfula. Eyona ethandwayo yezi "umlambo, zinkulu elwandle." Elinye igama elaziwa-kakuhle yaba 'umlambo singonwabi. " Enye yamandulo izizwe Indian igama ukuze ngenxa yengxangxasi ezininzi lwabengxolo. Ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukufumana igama "umama yolwandle" kwi kwenkcazelo yembali. Ngokubanzi, kufanele kuqatshelwe le nto zilandelayo: nokuba igama amanzi avela besizwe esithile, oko kwenziwe nayiphi na imeko kubonisa uhlobo ngqwabalala le umfula, amandla ayo kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ubomi babantu.

lokufumanisa

Kukholelwa ukuba ivulekileyo umhambi eSpeyini ngegama Juan Diaz de Solis. Waba yaseYurophu wokuqala ukuya kutyelela umlomo wayo. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1515. kweminyaka emihlanu kuphela kamva, xa ndityelele Magellan. Ngowe-1526, C. Cabot waqhelana ngokupheleleyo awohluke ngengingqi. Ngaphezu koko, waba ngummeli yokuqala eYurophu, ngubani wakwazi ukufumana emlonyeni.

indawo okuyo

Umthombo we Paraná River ise emazantsi kwi Highlands laseBrazil, ngelixa emlonyeni wayo ukwakweli Atlantic elunxwemeni, kwi-Gulf of La Plata. Ubude lilonke lo mfula ngu 4380 km. Njengoko kwinkalo pool, nto ilingana ezikwere zeekhilomitha 4.250. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, wamanzi ochukumisa ummandla ngamazwe amathathu, emele umda wabo akakhethi zendalo. Kuba flow eliphezulu uphawuleka uba aphezulu. Ukongeza, apha kukwakho kwiingxangxasi.

Ukudlula

Paraná ithatha imvelaphi yayo eBrazil. It ukhandwa intlanganisela imilambo Rio Grande kunye Paranaiba. Ukusuka kule ndawo ukuhamba kwamanzi ezihamba Paraguay town flip del Guaira. Isetyenziswa ukuba engxangxasi kwegama elifanayo, okuphakama ifikelela iimitha 33. Noko ke, ngo-1982, "Itaipu" kwakhiwa endaweni konina ngamanzi, nto leyo kudala kukhulu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Kwi ndawo enye Brazil kwi nomda Paraguay. Emva koko, le ulwalathiso Paraná Umlambo wajika waya ngasemzantsi, yaye kamva - ukuya ngasentshona. Oku uqhubeka leekhilomitha-820. Kule ndawo le yesibini ngobukhulu kwakhiwa HPP. Libizwa ngokuba "yacyretá kwidama", waza wafakwa ukusebenza ngo-1994. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iprojekthi edibeneyo Argentina i-Paraguay.

Emva ukuhlanganisa ne uviko sayo sikhulu (umlambo Paraguay) Paraná ujikeleze usinge ezantsi. Ngaphezu koko, e Argentina, ububanzi balo ufikelela neekhilomitha ezintathu. E Santa Fe kwiphondo flow kuphambuka kancinci ngasempuma, ngoko ke uya kwisiza lokugqibela. Ubude bayo 500 km. Phezu kwalo umlinganiswa ukugeleza komfula Paraná ingabizwa cwaka kakhulu. Ukuya kwi-Atlantic Ocean wamanzi uqalisa iba ngokwamasebe ezininzi kunye nemijelo. Ngenxa yoko, Delta ngakumbi ezikhandelwa whose lidlula iikhilomitha ezingama-60 kwaye ubude - km 130. Ngqo akungeni umlambo Uruguay, elandelwa misinga enamandla ezimbini wadala ngomlomo edumileyo le Rio de la Plata.

ulawulo Water kunye neempawu zemozulu

Paraná River sidla kakhulu imvula. Ithuba umkhukula kakhulu ithatha ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ngoMeyi. iimvula zehlobo oluninzi mava kwindawo apho nakumphezulu isitya. Ukususela ngoJuni ukuya ku-Agasti, okwesibini kukho jump olomeleleyo kwinqanaba lamanzi. Kwiindawo ezininzi isitya kunyaka-avareji, liwa ukuba amawaka amabini eemilimitha ye kwezulu. Ngokubanzi inqanaba lamanzi lazo. amanzi abalekayo emvula yonyaka imalunga 480 kwiikhilomitha cubic. Kakhulu isimanga inani wanika phantsi kwi- Atlantic Ocean neetyuwa. Lufikelela million tons 95 ngonyaka ngamnye. Mkhondo kubo ingabonwa kumgama ozikilometa ukuya ku-150 ukusuka elunxwemeni. Umlomo ngokumila ifanele. Yena waya olwandle libunjwa kwangaphakathi kunye izowuni yangaphandle. Eyokuqala kubo ufikelela ubude nobubanzi, ngokulandelelana, 180 kwaye ingande ngeekhilomitha ezili-80. amanzi awo acocekileyo. Njengoko ngobunzulu, akunamsebenzi ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-5. Kuba wesibini kwezi ndawo luphawulwa ubukho bamanzi anetyuwa elwandle kunye nobunzulu-25 eemitha.

lokuthumela

Iinqanawa nezinye izibonelelo ukuqubha ukuba nodaka akufuneki ube ngaphezu kweemitha 7, ungaya emlonyeni kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-640 ukusuka kwizibuko wesixeko Argentine ka Rosario. Paraná River luphawulwa owodwa ngamanzi. ixabiso layo lilonke kuqikelelwa kwi-20 GW. Le ndawo Ingxangxasi Urubupunga wamisa kwisakhiwo esikhulu ngamanzi. kumazibuko ezinkulu, wakha phezu komlambo, zibe Rosario, Santa Fe kunye Pasados.

Inani labantu

Lo mfula ibaluleke gqitha ubomi yabemi. Ekubeni kuhlangene inxulumene phantse emazantsi lonke belizwekazi. Akumangalisi ke, abaninzi Argentina, idolophu saseBrazil Paraguay elikule. Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kubo, akukho mathandabuzo, kuba Buenos Aires. labantu bayo lidlula uphawu abantu abazizigidi ezithathu. Ngaphandle kuye, ngasechwebeni wakha izixeko ezininzi, ezo ekhaya abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu amawaka, kwakunye neelali ezininzi ezincinci kunye needolophana. Paraná River uyazondla amawaka beentlanzi. Konke oku kunye kudala nje agglomeration omkhulu, yaye indawo olukhulu loqoqosho.

Biota

Umlambo indawo yokuhlala ukuba iintlobo ezininzi enezityalo nezilwanyana. Ngomhla kummandla iipaki zesizwe ibekwe emanzini kukho ezinye izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, atyikitya ziintlobo eseyiphantse ukungabikho kwaphela. Amahlathi eluhlaza kweenxweme Paraná ubomi jaguar, anteaters, iihagu zasendle, tapirs. Kuyinto likhaya leentlobo ngaphezu kweshumi iintaka kunye nezinambuzane. Njengokuba sibonile ngentla apha, inxaxheba amanzi kunenani eliqhelekileyo enkulu yeentlanzi. Yena Akakho apha kakhulu ukuba ukuloba lwenziwa ngendlela engazange mveliso.

iimvakatjhi

Paraná River ngonyaka etsala inani elikhulu labakhenkethi. Enye yeendawo ezininzi umdla amanzi alo ingqalelo Iguazu - Falls ibekwe kwi kumda Argentina naseBrazil. Iguqulwe ukusuka ulwimi Indian igama lithetha "amanzi enkulu". Iyodwa, oko intlekisa esimnandi. Isibakala sokuba amanyathelo intsimbi yehashe amanzi wadalwa apha, ububanzi omalunga ezintathu neekhilomitha. Ngenxa yoko, bona ngokupheleleyo ingxangxasi kunokuba kuphela ukusuka window moya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zombini lizwe apho emi kuyo, wathi iipaki zesizwe iindawo ezingqonge, afihla acwengileyo, amahlathi sithi ndijonge. Baye igama elifanayo, kwaye bobabini babelwa UNESCO World Heritage Site.