Eshotayo mali karhulumente elibujikele

Kwesabelo-mali karhulumente sisixa apho iindleko zayo zonyaka ngaphezulu ezingenayo. Ingcamango ngasentla ngokusondeleyo ukuya kwenkcazo 'ityala likarhulumente "- umdibaniso ityala angaphandle karhulumente okanye abameli babo zomthetho okanye ngabanye. Ngako oko, umsebenzi kunokuba zangaphandle okanye zangaphakathi.

I intswelo mali karhulumente le minyaka zinokugutyungelwa ngokwandisa kwityala lemali lesizwe. Ukongeza, kukho umba imali. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nkqu lwabiwo zentsalela xa urhulumente akubonisi kwezoqoqosho. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa kwimeko apho ilizwe unalo ityala elikhulu.

Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo sentsilelo mali. Eyona eziziintloko zikhankanyiwe ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Nokungazinzi koqoqosho.
2. Kwesakhiwo.
3. Operational.
4. Primary.
5. Le miqulu-mali.

Zijika eshotayo mali karhulumente kusisiphumo ekwenzeni eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwezoqoqosho. "= Yakhelwe-" (ezenzekelayo) ekwenzeni ezi indlela ekhethekileyo yoqoqosho, esebenzisa apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuba ukunciphisa awo of ukuhla yovandlakanyo kwi output engqesho amanqanaba. Ngaloo ndlela ke utshintsho rhoqo kwicala loqoqosho wenziwe. ekwenzeni ezinjalo kumazwe ahambele phambili le nkqubo berhafu transfers zikarhulumente (inshorensi ngqesho ingakumbi), kwakunye nenkqubo yenzuzo-yokwabelana. iindlela Iyazikhanyisa othile ukunciphisa ingxaki semva elide nkqubo efihlakeleyo karhulumente. Oku kuphunyezwa ikakhulu yinyaniso yokuba ekwenzeni ziqala ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo, ngaphandle koncedo lukarhulumente.

Phakathi-sikhokelo -nkqubo karhulumente efihlakeleyo ukuba ukuvuselela iyonke (aggregate) imfuno ngexesha ukwehla izigqibo ezithile athathwe ngurhulumente. Ezi izisombululo ijoliswe ukuphakamisa umgangatho kwemveliso kunye nengqesho. Xa inkqubo ukuphunyezwa kwazo, ngenxa yokuba ezinye iintlobo (umzekelo, ukusebenzisa inkqubo yentlawulo ezinxulumene ukuyilwa imisebenzi emitsha) Ukunyuka mali okanye ukunciphisa inani irhafu, ukudala ukunqongophala okunenjongo yezezimali kweli lizwe. Ngelo xesha linye ngexesha eqhineni yokunqanda ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kudala ngumba surplus ekujoliswe kuzo.

iinkqubo zikarhulumente efihlakeleyo ezinxulumene semva ezibalulekileyo yangaphakathi kwexesha, kuba utshintsho kubume iindleko okanye amazinga zobalo ithetha kwengxoxo ende kwinqanaba yasepalamente.

Phakathi non-efihlakeleyo nkqubo weemali intsilelo mali karhulumente, ngokunjalo kwintsalela wayo ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku banazo ekwenzeni oluhlangeneyo kwezoqoqosho.

Formation kwezakhiwo eyiyo inshorensi yengqesho kunye progressivity yerhafu ingqalelo njengomba ophambili, lukho amazwe ifomu uqoqosho inguqu kunye. Kwezi meko, ubunzima injongo yomgaqo-nkqubo uzinziso apho kunye nokungabikho zezilw emali, karhulumente, kunye nezinye iindlela zolawulo kweemeko zoqoqosho.

Inqanaba "uzinzo kwezoqoqosho eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi" kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi yokusebenza sengxakini mali nokungazinzi koqoqosho. Bathi bona baba "Ndothuka absorbers" okunzulu zizonke (aggregate) imfuneko. Oku kuvela ngenxa yokuba ezinye iintlobo yengeniso mali (ingeniso yerhafu, ingakumbi) ziyanda (ukuhla) ngaxeshanye ekunciphiseni (ukwanda) kokukhutshelwa imvelaphi nokuhla (ukunyuka) umsebenzi zoshishino.