ECrimea idumileyo inqaba

Ngokuqinisekileyo wonke waphawula ukuba akukho ndawo kangaka kakhulu kwaye ngokucacileyo angacingi kukuhamba kwexesha, njengoko zakhe ezinde isiqingatha-ekonakalisweni - amangqina uzuko elidlulileyo kunye nobuhle. On intwana encinane somhlaba, phantse singqongwe ngokupheleleyo namanzi aluhlaza olwandle, eCrimea peninsula, unako ukufumana inani elingu-iinqaba ezivela zaphawula ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo ngoku zikwimeko entle kwaye ziqhube mangaza ngobuhle yayo emikhulu, abanye kuncitshiswa ukuba ngamabhodlo. Yaye ndicinga nje ukuba into aba, ukuba ngokwenene. Noko ke, kukho into efanayo olumanyanisa zonke ezinde eCrimea. Oku indawo yazo emangalisayo: iintaba ezintle, yabakho uhlaza kunye neentyatyambo, bhaka itokoyize blue esifaneleyo yinzwakazi.

umlando we eCrimea

Le usingasiqithi emangalisayo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ubukho yalo phantsi zegunya ithi ezahlukeneyo, yaye ngaloo ndlela iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto eCrimea nqaba zahluke kakhulu omnye komnye. Kukho a Muslim mandulo kakhulu, xa isimbo lamaGrike, kwaye kumaxesha-Europe, kwaye lwamaYuda. Nyaka ngamnye amawaka abakhenkethi eze apha ukuze undwendwele amabhodlo ezikhumbuzo zamandulo, ukuhamba emva kwexesha kwaye kunxibelelana nembali.

Chersonese

Le nqaba ebizwa Russian uTroy. Le ibekwe kufuphi nesixeko Sevastopol. Abembi bezinto zakudala bakholelwa ukuba kwiminyaka Chersones ngaphezu kwama-2000. Yayisekelwe kwi BC ngenkulungwane 5 kwaye yayikhona kuze ngenkulungwane ye-15, kwixesha elitsha. Le nqaba waba ukumana kujongwa kuyo kwixesha ubukumkani ezikwelasePonto, uze emva koko waya eRoma yamandulo Byzantium. Ekubeni ngamnye abalawuli Chersonese wayefuna ukwenza isixeko enqatyisiweyo ngakumbi kungenakugqithwa, ngamaXesha Aphakathi yi ukuphakama kwenqaba lafikelela iimitha ezi-5, ububanzi - 4 m, kwaye ubude - 3 km.

Wabalasela ke ukwakhiwa ezinde ukwakha Zeno, Wayengomnye wabanini zokuqala nqaba. De siye safikelela kunye yeqonga yakudala, leyo nguye kuphela lalisakuba yiSoviet Union, kwaye isikwere central - yemarike yaye yonqulo i Basilica (ibandla aphakathi zamaKristu). Ekupheleni kwinqaba kwinkulungwane yama-20 ka Chersonese oko wangena kwi-UNESCO World List Heritage njengenye ezikhumbuzo 100 liphambili inkcubeko yehlabathi.

enqabeni Calamita

Ilitye yokuqala isiseko sale izakhiwo iingangamsha babekwa ngamaGrike kwinkulungwane VI phezu ukuma kwalo mzi ka Inkerman. Le nqaba yayakhelwe ukukhusela Chersonese. In Calamita kwindawo entle. Lukhuselwe macala onke ziintshaba nabondli yendalo - namawa. Indawo efanayo babe nezinye eCrimea inqaba. Ukuze ukhuseleke ngeenxa rhoqo ndakhe udonga, wemba umsele.

Namhlanje, ukususela ubukhulu bayo bokuqala kuphela amanxuwa. Noko ke, ukuba asinike ufifi oko nenqaba ngemihla yobuqaqawuli bobuso bakhe. Phantsi Kalamita ungabona woonongendi mqolomba. Uye eminyaka emibini nqaba ngokwayo. KumaXesha Aphakathi Calamita ngeyabo indlela ulawulo lwe Theodoro, nokukhuselwa kwizibuko Avlita lutshaba wangaphandle. Kuba ixesha elithile umzi-nqaba kwizibuko engundoqo ye ubulawuli, emva kokuwa, wawa phantsi kwesandla ngamaRoma, Turks, nangezinto.

Aluston

Ngokufanayo nezinye Fort eCrimea Aluston eliphila namhlanje phantse ngokupheleleyo amanxuwa. Le ise kumbindi Alushta, kuquka izindlu zokuhlala. Le nqaba kwakunye Calamita, Yakhiwa AD ngenkulungwane yesi-6, ngexesha ukunyanzelisa soMhlekazi yaseByzantium Justinian I. Saba ukukhusela abantu basekuhlaleni evela mbuya. KumaXesha Aphakathi yinqaba yahlaselwa ngamaRoma, bayithimba, kwaye ngokutsha indlela yakhe. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-15 lachithwa Aluston yayibanjwe baseTurkey. Emva koko, lo inqaba ayisa wachacha. Kule 90 emva kwenkulungwane yokugqibela abasemagunyeni Ukrainian apho ke kuloo nqaba wakha sibhedlele yesebe. Namhlanje kuyo kwakukho omnye kuphela inqaba ngeenxa Ashagi Kul.

ECrimea ephakathi inqaba

Kwiinkulungwane 12-14, usingasiqithi ngokufuthi bahlaselwa ngamaRoma. Ukuba abakhi iinqaba ephakathi. Hi ndlela leyi, indawo ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo, badla bakhetha kumabhodlo ezixeko. NgamaRoma iCrimea lokuyeka ithemba kulo mbandela. Phakathi Alushta and Gurzuf iinqaba eziliqela mihla kumaXesha Aphakathi lakhiwa. Xa bahlaselwa Khazars, basitshabalalisa phantse ngokupheleleyo kwinkulungwane VIII kwi Gorzouvites inqaba. Noko ke, waya usingasiqithi we ngamaRoma kwindawo enye wakha elinye enqabeni yomkhosi, kodwa isimbo kwiMeditera.

Le nqaba ngamaRoma in Sudak

Kuye izibonelelo emangalisayo kunye nembali yamandulo. Endaweni yayo, izakhiwo zokuqala zenziwa kwiinkulungwane 5-6, kanye ngelo xesha xa abalawuli Byzantine waba namandla phezu usingasiqithi ka eCrimea. inqaba ngamaRoma, iifoto apho ubona kweli nqaku, yakhiwa kamva, ndize kulo siqithi yi-Italy. Phambi ixesha lethu ndiyisindise inxalenye kwiinqaba zayo. Namhlanje kudla zinginginya iintlobo wemithendeleko, ezitsala kummandla kwemali enkulu kwabatyeleli kwezi ndawo.

Funa

Igama yale nqaba Liguqulwe lithatyathwa kwisiGrike njenge "ukupheka". Funa inqaba eCrimea kwaye ibekwe e Alushta - kwintlambo le Demerdzhi yentaba. Wayedlala indima sasiyinxalenye empuma yaba uncedo inqaba Aluston. Funa kubaluleke ngokukodwa ukuba abahlali Alushta, kwaye eCrimea liphela. Legend yokuba apha wangcwatywa enye ookumkanikazi lilungile. Kuthiwa ukuba uyaxoka etyeyeni kunye isithsaba segolide entloko. Kakade ke, abaninzi iphupha ukufumana phakathi emanxuweni nqaba, kodwa kwaphicothwa okwangoku lilize ukwenjenjalo.

ukubusa Ottoman

Yeni Kale eziguqulelwe kwi Turkish njenge "inqaba entsha". Liphuma kwi ematyeni elunxwemeni iStrait of Kerch. Umbhali lwesakhiwo eso i Italian wezakhiwo Goloppo. Kuthiwa ukuba watshintsha ukholo lwakhe abangamaKristu ukuba Islam, abaninzi bona 'wesandla "lwakhe uhambo oriental. Ngelo xesha, ukuba ibekwe ngaphakathi ikampu inqaba. Kwakugcwele kwenkulungwane abantu. Ukususela ngo 1771 baseTurkey ahlala kuloo nqaba wayinika eRashiya, yaye ekupheleni kwi kowama-2000, kwakukho bafumana cache ka 77 zemali zegolide. Yeni-Kale - eyona edumileyo usingasiqithi yaseYiputa Turkish. ECrimea, Kakade ke, kwafuneka amaxesha nzima kulawulo Ottoman. Noko ke, emva kokuba Ukumka baseTurkey kwintsimi kwakukho inqaba ezintle, leyo namhlanje phakathi ezinika lobulali elingcono.

isiphelo

Yinto iqela elincinane kuphela iinqaba ezazakhiwe yi iinkosi ezahlukeneyo lizwe. Yiloo nto ezakhiwe ngokubanzi njalo. Oku kunokubonwa nkqu amabhodlo.