Umtsalane yamandulo eCrimea - a Funa inqaba

ECrimea kunganxulunyaniswa kwiindawo ezininzi kakhulu kwi imimandla yehlabathi. Oku kusebenza kuzo zombini iimpawu zendalo nezenkcubeko lonke elo lizwe, ime ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, zeMpuma kunye siyibambe Western, ilahlekile impucuko kunye uyaphumelela namanye amazwe omnye. Abanye babo yakwazi ukuba apha ekuhambeni kwexesha lekhefu efanayo. Umzekelo kwengqina ezinjalo iziganeko - inqaba Funa e Alushta.

Yintoni ephawulekayo na?

Igama "Funa" liguqulelwe kwisiGrike njenge "nomsi". igama lakhe yena wafumana imbeko kuloo Demerdzhi yentaba. Nqaba Funa nje wakha isibingelelo emazantsi iincopho ezintle yonxweme olusemazantsi eCrimea. Kwezi ndawo, ngasendleleni, ngathi i "abathinjiweyo abaseAfrika 'edume kunye nezinye iifilimu Soviet.

Kumaxesha amandulo ngale ndawo iye yabanjwa Small Silk Road ", obehamba ukusuka Gorzouvites (Gurzuf ngoku) kunye Aluston (Alushta kule mihla siphila) ukuya Kafa (ngoku Feodosia). Hayi gaxa kwindlela yorhwebo ezithandwayo kwakukho inqaba ukukhusela imiqodi zorhwebo, kwaye ngexesha elinye ukuqokelela imali kubo ngenxa sicatshulwa.

Nqaba Funa yadweliswa njengenxalenye ayencokola ubulawuli ka Theodoro, owayesakuba kwi ukruthakruthwano rhoqo kunye ngamaRoma namaSilamsi. Area inqaba yayincinane - eemitha 56 ububanzi neemitha-106 ubude. Kwicala lasentshonalanga oko wangena engxondorheni, kunye nabanye iintango zakhe kukhuseke Uyalwa iinyawo 15 ukuphakama. Okokuqala Funa inqaba kukhankanyiwe 1384. Kodwa uninzi emithonjeni ekugqityweni kokwakhiwa imbaxa yomhla nyaka 1422.

aziqali

A inyikima enamandla, ezenzeka ngoko nangoko emva kwalo mhla, kukhokelele nqaba waqala ukwakha kwakhona sele ngo 1425. Kodwa uvavanyo alikapheli. Kwaye ukubuyisela element kukothuka weza imililo amaninzi lonke ixesha ngokoqobo utshisela inqaba Funa. Ngowe-1459 wokulungisa oqaphelekayo lwaqhutywa kwi sakhiwo, nto leyo eye lo isakhiwo kulo lock. Emva koko, isango lokungena kwakhiwa kwimiqolo emithathu donzhon ukuphakama kuyimitha 15 Ebubanzini bodonga kweemitha 2,3. Kwakukho izindlu feodoriyskogo yindlalifa.

Ngowe-1475 le nqaba yayonakele kwakhona, eli xesha yi Ottoman Turks. Uninzi wahlala itempile bubuhle ngokuzinikela Feodoru Stratilatu - saint elwayo enkulu xesha yaseByzantium uConstantine mna, uWele Omkhulu. Emva koko, ngo-1475, i-eCrimea yathinjwa Turks, yaye ekugqibeleni wabatshabalalisa inqaba Funa. Yaye bonke abantu balapha Wayishiya loo ndawo emva kwesiganeko ukuwa 1894th hugest, undingcwabe ubuqaqawuli owayesakuba zakhiwo.

Ngoku indima ebalulekileyo umlando le lomculo yokwakha le nqaba ukudlala Funskoy Church St. Feodora Stratilata amanxuwa, ukutyeba ezigcinwe ngexesha uhlaselo Ottoman Turks. IBandla ngokuphindaphindiweyo yakhiwa ngokutsha salungiswa, ngoko kukho ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX.

Hayi kude emanxuweni ekuthiwa blocky kuba chaos ngohlobo iimfumba amaqhosha elulwalweni, namatye zabo bonke ubukhulu. Kuyinto bubungqina obubonakalayo indlela enamandla ngayo ukuwa ka-1894, kunye neentlekele ezincinane akhasayo elandelayo. Ngenxa yoko, umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu kwizakhiwo kuhlala Yalta yahlaselwa yinyikima ngo-1927.

ezafunyanwa ngabembi bezinto

Ngexesha kumbiwa zakhiwo iindonga wamatye amakhubalo esafunyanwa zakudala. Abakhi yaseYiputa kubumeslani kungenzeka ukukhusela ngokuchasene imikhosi amnyama ezibe iminqamlezo ezibiyelweyo izinto ezingcwele yabangcwele. Kwafunyaniswa namatye emarmore emhlophe, kunye nomhla izakhiwo kunye neempawu njengenkosana Theodoro. Ikopi ezifunyanisiweyo imiselwe emnyango.

Emva kokuba kuthinjwe eCrimea yi abahlaseli lwamaNazi emanyathelweni amabali bengingqi malunga ukumkanikazi na ubuncwane ukulungele kwaye obufihliweyo kwezi iindawo Gothic Crown ngabembi eziphambili ahlelwa. Ewe, azindenzakalisanga kwakhokelela kwezinye iziphumo ezibonakalayo, kodwa kwebali isithsaba a kungcwatywa basaphila.

karhulumente yangoku

Namhlanje le nqaba Funa - oko okwenza emele imfumba yimiwewe kwisayithi webandla ezinemigangatho emibini, kwaye iyadi lonke phambi izitulo abarhwebi Funy, zentselo kunye nezindlu. Kuphela Isiqwenga olunye apse ibandla, sijinga phezu ecaleni kwendlela yi igadi enkulu, sifunda ubukhulu zokuzifaka apha ngaphambili. Ubheka mabhodlo, umntu lula ukucinga imihlaba ukwakhiwa kunye nokomelezwa namandla, ububanzi beendonga leyo kwezinye iindawo ifikelela kwiimitha ezimbini.

Ukutyhubela mabhodlo conch ebonakalayo - apse, kanye wakhonza isibingelelo inqaba ecaweni. Isibingelelo ke phantse yonke de banesifo zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Kufutshane ke izakhiwo zokuhlala kwisiza apho ngoku imfumba kuphela yamatye. Malunga namakhulu amathathu iimitha ukuya emantla kumanxuwa indawo yokungcwaba abemi lali kunye inqaba Funa.

museum umsebenzi

Namhlanje, phezu kwindawo ilungiselelo inqaba eyayisakuba yi umoya imyuziyam evulekileyo. On abakhenkethi wayo intsimi sihlangana yemboniselo yobeko ebonisa inqaba yangoku. Ukusuka phantse yonke imizi eCrimea apha zicwangciswe uhambo. Iindleko yohambo lwe open-air myuziyam inani elisezantsi. Hamba phezu emaweni eselumelwaneni free. Le myuziyam ivulwa ukususela 8:00 ukuya 17:00.

Funa inqaba: ukuba indlela apho?

inzuzo Funy kubaluleke - kube lula ukufikelela kubakhenkethi. Xa abakhenkethi kuyo odlulayo, ukusuka Simferopol ukuya Alushta. Ukumiswa endleleni, nje isiqingatha seyure ungabona amanxuwa, nto leyo eshiya ngasemva inqaba aphakathi oyinyaniso Funa. A kundikhumbuza ifoto kwi imvelaphi imibombo iCrimea ezaziwayo-kakuhle kufuneka uhlale albhamu yakho.

Oku umdla abembi lesikhumbuzo kunye nobugcisa bokwakha aphakathi ibekwe ngasentla kwilali Thokoza, malunga ezimbini neekhilomitha kude. Ungaya apho kwi Alushta ngebhasi ukuya kwisikhululo isixeko ibhasi. Ngomhla inxalenye Khazimla, kancinane ngaphantsi Kutuzovsky emthonjeni, indlela igada. Unako ukuqhuba ngemoto. Hi ndlela leyi, ku unyulu banethuba kukhwela amahashe. Iqela leenkampani kuququzelela ezi hambo.