Ebomini - uhlobo olulodwa zobuntu

Le ngefilosofi ebomini iye yaba ngomnye imisinga abaziwayo, odlamkileyo nempembelelo ngayo ixesha lethu. Oku kusekelwe antiscientism, nto leyo eyenza kucace ukuba bulumko inengqondo angabi nako ukuphendula imibuzo emininzi, wamane ifikelele ngxaki, ngoko lixesha ukuba imbono yakho womntu, iingxaki bakhe nobomi.

Oku kwaqala kwi 20 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini eJamani. Kamsinya nje emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I uluntu ndavuka, wakhangela ngamehlo amatsha kwi ubukho womntu, iingxaki zakhe. Kukho iinkalo ezimbini: le ebomini yonqulo akekho. Lo bulumko yaphikiswa lemibono obengo, apho kuphela isifundo esithile zabantu ingqalelo. Ebomini bekufanele kumzabalazo yesazisi.

obangela yentanda phantse ngaxeshanye yavela e eJamani, eFrance naseRussia, oku kungqinwe imisebenzi yenzululwazi zobulumko kuloo mazwe. Kodwa amaJamani baye baba ngoovulindlela, ngomhla iincwadi Heidegger kunye Jaspers phambili ebomini French. E Germany, oko yathatyathwa kwimithombo ezizinzululwazi ukutolikwa nokutolikwa. IFrance zimelwe imisinga nje ezimbini: zonqulo akekho. Okokuqala Gabriel Marcel, kwaye eyesibini - Camus kunye Sartre.

"Ebomini - a nobuntu" --sobulumko ezaziwayo-kakuhle French ithisisi Sartre, nto leyo eyenza ukuba uzibuze ukuba lo ngokwenene. Ukuba abameli intshukumo benkolo bazama ukufumana uqhagamshelwano elahlekileyo noThixo, ukuba lityhale iimfundiso ezindala kwi-sikhokelo omtsha, esona sizathu kubukho kugqalwa ubuntu elizimeleyo ngaphandle izakhiwo zenkcubeko nezentlalo. ulwalathiso Ukhona yokuzama bachase ezi utyekelo yentshabalalo bokubanga wendoda engasese nobuntu.

Ngowe-1946, okokuqala wapapasha incwadi ka "ebomini - a nobuntu" Sartre kaThixo. Sekudlule iminyaka emininzi, kodwa ukuba iprintwe izihlandlo eziliqela, kuba ngohlobo efikelelekayo ibeka isiseko-bulumko uluvo lombhali. kanye ingcamango ebomini kukuba umntu lilolo gqitha, yaye phezu kwesi siseko, ukuphuhlisa iintlobo uloyiko, ezo kungokunje ukuvulwa. Kubonakala ukuba umntu ikhona kuphela ukuba kweli hlabathi.

Xa umsebenzi wayo, Sartre wazama ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo, ebomini - kuba nangentando okanye into eyenye, yaye sithetha ngendlela yokunxulumanisa omnye komnye, ezi imisinga ezimbini. abameli Outstanding zobuntu ingqalelo Petrarch, wabe, Boccaccio. Bathi ukuba evela ingqondo anthropocentrism yomntu, siziqhatha njengoko ixabiso umntu, kwaye nobuntu. Le ngaphandle kuphela kukuba phantsi abantu amagunya angaphaya kwaye kuyabaphephetha ngokwabo.

Ebomini - a nobuntu, kodwa ezikhethekileyo. Apha indima ephambili udlalwa hayi le ndoda, kodwa ke into transtsendentiruyuschee bona ehlabathini, ukuzama ukufezekisa iinjongo eziphakamileyo ezithile, lihlala lihamba kwaye ulindele okuhle. Ebomini isekelwe ezibambe ezifanayo nobuntu, kodwa ke ukuba close to mntu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha - ukuzuza kunokwenzeka kakhulu. Wonke umntu into exabisekileyo, injongo ephambili ekufuneka iphunyeziwe. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ngokuzithemba ukuba ebomini lisekhona zobuntu.