Chloride Mercuric (sublimate bako): Amalungiselelo, Properties kunye Izicelo

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba iikhompawundi mercury inetyhefu kwaye ityhefu. Kwi-US, yokuba azivumelekanga ukuba zisetyenziswe ezininzi iimveliso ubuhle, yaye Canada ziqukiwe kuluhlu izinto ezininzi enobungozi. Noko ke, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini yemichiza ye kuba nokuveliswa iidayi, njengezibulali, iiplastiki, ngokunjalo amayeza kunye nobugcisa. Enye abameli kule klasi kwezinto yi mercury chloride (II), nto leyo eyaziwa ngcono phantsi kwegama layo yesibini - sublimate. Makhe sijonge oku zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Formula neepropati

Mercury chloride 2-valent ekhethwe HgCl _2. Le ephindeneyo ngumgubo crystalline emhlophe. Kubushushu 277˚ C uqala ukunyibilika, yaye xa 304˚S - abilayo. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo (25 ° C) onokuxinana 5,43 g / cm ^3. lula sublimes chloride Mercuric yohlukile hexa appreciable. Ukunyibilika chloride mercuric emanzini ixhomeke kwithempritsha yayo. Ngoko ke, kwi-20 ° C, eli nani 6.6% kuphela, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuze amanzi ithumba (100 ° C), kwaye ifikelela kwipesenti ezi 58,3%. Ukongeza, mercury na chloride ekwaziyo unyityilikiswa iEtere, ii-asidi, pyridine; NaCl isisombululo kule nkqubo sikhatshwa ukuyilwa of iikhompawundi ezintsonkothileyo. HgCl ₂ njengoko electrolyte pretty buthathaka. Emini, ingakumbi xa wadibana oganikhi khompawundi, iyeza ifumaneka lula lancitshiswa chloride cuprous Mfud ₂ Cl ₂ (calomel) kunye mercury sisinyithi.

indawo yolwamkelo

Xa kukuninzi lesigidi chloride (II) ngoku yaveliswa kuphela ngokusebenzisa kuyondelelaniswe ngqo imetyhuri chlorine. Indlela yesibini yokufumana sikuko ezinyibilikayo mercuric HgO in kanzulu zehydrochloric acid (HCl). Ukuziqhelisa, isetyenziswa kunqabile, ubukhulu becala - ngethuba zokwenza uvavanyo elebhu. Kwimeko yokuqala, i mercury itshiswe kusemnandi chlorine ukuya kwiqondo eliphezulu kakhulu (malunga 340˚S) ngoko phemba aqhumisele lokusekwa nokudangazela oluhlaza namhlophe. Umphunga kuphumela abese ngexesha okupholisa kwaye, kuxhomekeke ubuchwepheshe yokufumana, ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo okanye amaqhekeza eziqinileyo.

isicelo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba chloride mercuric yaba into yokuqala ngokusekelwe HG, eyaqala kusetyenziswa magciwane kunye zezifo. Kulo mba, chloride mercuric na kakhulu kakuhle, kodwa kwangaxeshanye yityhefu kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba wendele ngesikhumba kwakunye nomkhwinya imifinya yaye inokuqokelelana emzimbeni womntu. Ngaphambili, xa abantu babengazi malunga nengozi ebangelwa mercury chloride, oko kusetyenziswa ukunyanga izifo zolusu. Ngoku, xa iyeza isetyenziswa ngenxa impahla kwamagciwane, impahla, iimveliso ezempilo, njalo njalo Ekubeni le nto ityhefu kakhulu, izisombululo zayo basoloko ngokukhethekileyo obudaywe ukuba bengaqondanga akazange singaxubeki namanye amayeza.

Kushishino, lo chloride mercury isetyenziswa electroforming, ulondolozo iinkuni, ngexesha metallization thermal kunye umbala. chloride Mercuric isetyenziselwa nokuveliswa iibhetri, iipeyinti ukuba nenqanawa kwamanzi noweenqanawa. Oku lisetyenziswa kwezikhumba yesikhumba, iselangeni, ukufota, njengoko zinambuzane, njl