Chirkei HPP (Dagestan)

Attraction kunye Iqhayiya Dagestan - Chirkey HPP - uthathwa ukuba igugu kwizitishi ehla lombane kwi Sulak River. Akhiwe mwonyo enye, isekisi iliwa kunye nobunzulu apho engekho ngaphantsi i-Grand Canyon edumileyo eMelika, esi sikhululo ayikho nje izibonelelo amandla, kodwa ke into yokuba abakhenkethi abatyelela. Eli nqanaba kakhulu yokuqala Sulak HPP of Dagestan, esi sikhululo kukho into eyodwa ngokuncedisana kwezobunjineli yoluntu kunye nenkangeleko yendalo ezintle.

ubuchwepheshe kunye nohlobo Union

Ukwandisa gorge emxinwa Sulak, kunye ububanzi neemitha ezingama-30 ngaphezu komlambo, reining Chirkeyskaya arch edamini HPP. Ubude isikhululo iimitha 400 dam ukuphakama - 232,5 eemitha. Dagestan ikratshi Chirkey mashishini emi kwindawo ye-11 kwi nokubeka 25 amahle kakhulu aphezulu kwidama ehlabathini. Ingcinezelo izakhiwo edamini akhiwa kwechibi lamanzi ubunzima umthamo we-3 km cubic kunye umphezulu indawo amanzi ezikwere zeekhilomitha 42.5. Ukubunjwa kumgangatho ophantsi kwechibi iqhotyoshelwe amanzi alo odidi kuchulumancisa ezintle Azure, bendibetha zonke ngabakhenkethi.

iinjineli ukuziqhenya

uphuhliso Project kunye nezakhono zophando Sulak River na isebe Glavgidrostroya eMoscow USSR. Kwakhona ngo-1933, idrafti yokuqala concrete arch-womxhuzulane lwedama, yaphakanyiswa. Noko ke, kuphela ngowe-1962, xa Bayithwala ke iziko "Lengidroproekt", esongeza kwibhanka unique ngelixa ityhubhu uyilo kunye nendawo kweeyunithi imikrozo emibini, le projekthi iye yazuza inqanaba imodeli ezintsha. Kulo mzekelo, ubude msele dama inyusiwe phantse isiqingatha ikwachaziwe leemitha 730. Namhlanje kwisitishi, nto leyo imi kummandla seismically ezingazinzanga, baxhotyiswa umsebenzi wokubhalisa abenzi boluvo mihla ngaphakathi kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Kwaye ke International Control Commission kummandla lovavanyo yenyukliya kunye nezixhobo zobuchule (ikomkhulu e Austria) ngo-2013 wanika projekthi iphezulu isikhululo zokuhlela i seysmologobezopasnomu.

The esiphezulu ku Russia

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, idama arch HPP Chirkeyskaya kwi top 25 zazimi kakhulu kwi ndawo elinanye ehlabathini. Kwaye lelona liphezulu eRashiya. station edamini enhle zixhotyiswe kunye neeyunithi yezihlunu ezine iphiramidi ebonisa leyo eyenzelwe ngenxa yengcinezelo ubunzima amanzi ngeemitha 170.

amandla

Chirkey HPP, leyo wabetha ubukhulu ifoto kunye nobuhle, omnye izitishi lesebe Dagestan of JSC "RusHydro". Isikhululo unamandla kwi North eCaucasus, umthamo wayo efakiweyo ye 10,000 MW, nangenxa ithuba kumsebenzi wayo, iye yaphuhliswa ngaphezulu kwe 88 bhiliyoni kWh umbane. Kakhulu kwi ndachithelwa HPPs ezincinane e Dagestan, le ulawulo umthwalo ngapha ngezantsi kwe Russia amandla igridi ku sigaba incopho. station Chirkey - uhlobo "uncedo lokuqala" kwi kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo kunye nokungaphumeleli kwezi ephehla thermal kunokwenzeka. Oku uyakwazi ukubuyekeza ilahleko yamandla ayo kumandla lonke eli lizwe.

umsebenzi ulawulo lwamanzi

Xa emazantsi HPS Chirkei ayiphelelanga iindlela obhobhozayo amanzi. Ngokulungisa ukuhamba kwamanzi omlambo Sulak, ichaphazela ukusebenza izikhululo bha kwaye yenza uphawu amanzi kwiindawo enkulu kufuphi esitishini. Ichibi akhiwa edamini, ngumthombo oxabisekileyo amanzi ngenxa neemfuno zabemi, kwakunye ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso. Ukohluka kwedama akuxhomekekanga kuphela ayibonwa njengoko le mveliso igunya lehlabathi, kodwa kwemvelo.

Siya kwakha umhlaba

Iminyaka 17 (1963-1980) isantya mkhulu kunokwenzeka, ngoncedo lwe unakho ukusebenza ukususela kulo lonke yiSoviet Union emzimbeni edamini Chirkeyskaya HPP wayebekwe ngaphezu kwezigidi 1.5 cubic metres eziphathekayo. umlambo zidlulela lwaqhutywa usebenzisa indlela ezintsha ze dubulo kunye aya kunye chip rock egudileyo. Ndiyakuthethela kwafunyanwa iitoni 37 edubulayo ngayo. Ukungazinzi obuphethelene kunye nenyikima ngowe-1970, xa umsebenzi wokwakha wayeka isithuba seenyanga ezintandathu, nabo bazisa kobunzima obuninzi. Kodwa ke ngo-1981, isikhululo enikiweyo umbane lokuqala ngokupheleleyo.

Gidrostroevskie ubukhosi

Village satellite Oaks Isikhululo wadalwa ngo-1960 ngenxa abakhi bonke republic awayesakuba yiSoviet Union yaye yenzelwe ukuba abemi abamalunga 10 amawaka. Ugcina izibonelelo zalo namhlanje - preschools amathathu, omnye isikolo, zokubukela amabini kunye Ibhotwe of Culture, isakhiwo esibhedlele ipuli yangaphakathi. Ekupheleni yokwakha isebenza kwi aphehla wathuma mveliso isebe ukuba ukuveliswa kwezinto elektroniki kunye neefektri ingubo. Kwisikhululo kwilali abakhi live ubukhosi - abazali yakhiwe, abantwana ukugqiba ukwakha kunye nabazukulwana basebenza ngamandla ngamanzi. Le lali yanamhlanje oki - iyunithi yolawulo kwisithili Kazbek. Ulawulo ixhasa uphuhliso imibutho yezenkcubeko multi-national, ezemidlalo iphuhlise ize izalisekise iindlela karhulumente wengingqi. Umzekelo lokuloba yimpumelelo, nto leyo iye yaba esasiyindumasi kule ndawo.

Wemifula, sturgeon kunye nezinye iintlobo zentlanzi

Akukho hambo ngo Chirkeyskaya HPP ziphelele ngaphandle bekutyelelo efama trout, salungelelaniswa ancedisayo. Isisombululo kurhulumente wengingqi umbutho sefama trout enikiweyo nje kuphela imisebenzi kubahlali bengingqi, kodwa kwakhona ukunika iinkonzo eziphilayo. Ezitya utyani trout zamulivanie kuthintela izibonelelo yamanzi. Ifama ivelisa fingerlings raisings kweli dama kwaye kwaqhenqetha nezitya ezizodwa. ukufuya Industrial kunzima kakhulu kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide, kodwa lo mzekelo umzekelo indlela eyiyo nefanelekileyo kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo. wemifula Golden - intlanzi akulinikwanga kwaye ahlekisayo, apho zonke iimeko zidalwe apha. Kwaye lo amanzi aphilileyo, kunye lobushushu egqibeleleyo, uzondle ezizodwa, apho kuthenga eMoscow ngokwayo. amadama Five yefama owodwa kwaye ezinye iintlobo zentlanzi yorhwebo ezixabisekileyo (Intlanzi eSiberia bubume Bester kunye umnyama trout). Le amava sokuqala ukufuya kumantla Dagestan ibe yimpumelelo kunye zithembisa. Izicwangciso dubkintsev Ukwanda imveliso nokunyusa umtsalane kubakhenkethi lommandla.

uphuhliso kwezokhenketho

Njengalo naluphi na iziko amandla Chirkey lwabanini - into modal eyandileyo ingozi kunye nokhuselo oluphuculweyo. Ukutyelela kunokwenzeka kuphela njengeqela elilungelelanisiweyo. Nokuba ngaba kwabakhenkethi kwi "ilizwe leentaba" single, kufuneka uye kwisikhululo kwaye ujonge ubuhle yengxondorha circus Sulak mwonyo kunye Unjengokuphola intaba emangalisayo yeNyoka. Esi sakhiwo ezinhle phakathi kwamatye multi-ton ngokuyimfuneko abethe amandla kwengcamango yoluntu inyathelo, kwaye ukuqwalasela indima yoluntu ubomi yomhlaba kunye ifuthe lwemisebenzi yethu ubutyebi bayo.