Chesme Palace eSt Petersburg: Imbali, idilesi, iifoto

Phakathi St. Petersburg Tsarskoye Selo ebukumkanini uCatherine II kwakhiwa esimbaxa lokuphola ngexesha endleleni elide. Imbeko engama-10 uloyiso kwizithuthi Russian wabonakala igama "Cesme Church" yaye "Chesme Ibhotwe", leyo zisikhumbuza uzuko kumkhosi weenqanawa Russian. Palace abanamava amaxesha ahlukeneyo, kodwa wahlala uhombiso lwe St. Petersburg.

indawo

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba complex yayakhelwe njenge track, namhlanje Chesme Ibhotwe e St. Petersburg (idilesi Street wayo Gastello, 15). Kwaye ngexesha uCatherine Omkhulu, oko sasikhal, moorland. Lo mmandla waya eRashiya ngenxa Northern Imfazwe waba kwimfuyo yokumkani.

Le ndawo ebizwa Finnish Kikerikiksen, Oko kuthetha "frog nomgxobhozo", nto leyo esisizathu sokuba Yimbonakaliso ikamva ebhotwe yaba Isele eliluhlaza.

Ngowe-1717, le ndlela iye zaqala yokuhlala e Tsarskoye Selo, yaye oku kwaqalisa imbali yokuhlala ogama ndawo. Namhlanje, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, Chesma ebhotwe ibekwe ngaphakathi St. Petersburg.

nemeko yezembali

Ukuze bahambe kakuhle kuyo ehlobo yakhe Tsarskoye Selo, n Velikaya wayalela oziikhilomitha ezisixhenxe ukusuka eyinkunzi yokwakha lomendo. Ngoko Chesme Palace wakhawulwa eSt Petersburg, ogama imbali iye elide kwaye unika umdla.

ekuqaleni Yayibizwa ngokuba cottage. Kodwa xa umsebenzi ulwakhiwo bhotwe kwagqitywa, kwafika iindaba uloyiso kwizithuthi Russian kwi Idabi Chesma. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uloyiso phezu Turkey kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iRussia. Nangona ukwazi ukoyisa eConstantinople njengoko waphupha, kodwa nkqu ngokoyisa Azov kunye Kerch waba ebalulekile kakhulu ngexesha le mfazwe. Ngoku izitya yabathengisi Russian ababenokuyidlulisela ngokukhululekiyo kuLwandle Black, kwaye wathembisa ezininzi iingenelo.

In Russia kwabakho isiko yonke uloyiso olukhulu kwiMfazwe Turkish yokubhiyoza naliphi na lesikhumbuzo. Ngoko Tsarskoye Selo baba isigaba Turkish kunye egumbini, iCrimea kunye nemihlathi Chesme, kwaye amafa yezikhulu esakhiwe kwesakhiwo iindlela aseByzantium Oriental. Ngoko ke, kusengqiqweni ukuba igama ingoma entsha Chesmensky Palace, kwakunye ibandla eyakhelwe ecaleni kwayo.

umakhi

N Velikaya eyaziwa isikali yayo olukhulu sasiyithanda yokwakha. Ngexesha kwakhe ngukumkani lonke eli lizwe, yaye St Petersburg ingakumbi lifumene ezininzi izakhiwo obutofotofo kunye amabhotwe.

Ukumkanikazi kakhulu isizathu nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezitsha, ezifana uhambo olude ukusuka eyinkunzi ukuya Tsarskoye Selo. Akazange afune ukuyeka kwindawo engalunganga, ngenxa yokuba yonke indawo bafuna ukuba bazive bekhululekile. Xa uKumkanikazi wagqiba ukwakha indlu entsha - "Cottage" - wavula u uYuri Matveyevich Felten, njengelinye labazobi ephambili eyinkunzi.

Umakhi wafundiswa Academy of Arts Fine, wasebenza iminyaka eliqela kunye Rastrelli, emva kokufa kwakhe zigqityiwe ukwakhiwa womzobi enkulu. Amava kunye italente wenza Felten kunye Vallin de la Mothe ehamba umakhi St. Petersburg. Ngo-1774 akhawunti yakhe sele kwakhiwe ezifana yamaLuthere kunye Church Armenian St. Catherine kaThixo, incinci kunye, inkulu Hermitage, Palace eweni kunye kocingo adumileyo Garden Summer.

Wamwisela Chesma sigodlo waba wezakhiwo ukuba uhlobo yamava. Eneneni, kwikomkhulu bekuya kuba lee ukwakha ibhotwe kwi isimbo Gothic, kodwa ngaphandle komzi wavumela amalungelo ezinjalo.

Imbali yokwakha

Chesmensky Travelling Palace yasekwa ngowe-1774, yaye kwiminyaka emithathu kamva uKumkanikazi wabhiyozela housewarming. Isantya zokwakha yabonelelwa yinto yokuba wezakhiwo Yu. M. Felten waba nako ukucwangcisa ngokuchanekileyo umsebenzi. Kakade ke, negalelo ekwakheni nesantya eninzi imali eninzi ukwakha ukuba uCatherine wachitha.

Intsimi phantsi nqaba eyedwa hayi nempumelelo kakhulu, ngoko kwinqanaba lokuqala ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza kwindawo yokukhupha amanzi, naye wemba umsele kwi kujikelezo isiza yokuqhubeka imigxobhozo hayi ukuba yonakele ebhotwe. Oku komeleza imvakalelo enqabeni kunye tekelela shaft, nto leyo yenziweyo ukusuka emhlabeni emhadini.

Le ebhotwe iquka isakhiwo ezingundoqo imigangatho amabini kunye mlilo lembombo iinqaba, ibandla kwilitye Yokuzalwa of Ioanna Krestitelya kunye izakhiwo ezininzi. Ngu ebhotwe lwaqhutywa yi iphecana endleleni, igcwalisiwe yi isango ilitye ezimbini indlela zwe.

kobuchule bobugcisa komkhulu

Chesma bhotwe engekakhawulwa ngesimbo pseudo-zwe, kwaye wezakhiwo ikwazile ukugcina le mbono. Kwempefumlelo kuba wezakhiwo waba uphothe phezu kweendonga kwimpuma ye Bosphorus. izinto Oriental ngobunono ibhalwe ngesimbo Gothic, kodwa musa ukubamba iliso, kwaye nje isikhumbuzo nokuthantamisa.

NgokoMthetho isakhiwo engundoqo bhotwe unxantathu alinganayo ezinde ngeenxa kunye nongqameko ezimbombeni. Ngasinye isisibane epheleleyo kunye uphahla eziphantse-setyhula. Iindonga engaphandle kwesakhiwo ngaphezu ukuphakama izakhiwo ngohlobo gear isithsaba yokuqala. Umgangatho osemhlabeni sigodlo ezihonjiswe rustication, kumgangatho ophezulu - izitena zisindwe. iifestile Beautiful enhle ukudala imvakalelo woxande olude ephakathi. izakhiwo omkhulu kunye ngokucokisekileyo Chesmensky Palace iyabamangalisa inqaba oluthembekileyo, inqatyisiwe.

ingaphakathi

Hi ndlela leyi, Chesma Palace (St. Petersburg), ngaphandle ihonjiswe style lozhnogoticheskom ngaphakathi na nealam nakancinane Gothic. Le ngaphakathi zakhiwe indlela Catherine classicism ekuqaleni owuthandayo.

Ezindongeni ungase ubone iipanele, medallions, moldings, nezidanga, nezidanga eentyatyambo eziye baba luphawu Yu. M. Feltena. Umthamo eziphambili zendlu uphethe endlini lo nxantathu, ukuba ihonjiswe kunye eqingqiweyo yi F. Shubin gallery ebonisa iindwalutho Russian grand kunye nookumkani.

Kwiiprojekthi Felten bonke iiholo ehonjisiweyo kunye namagumbi yasebhotwe, waqhubeka icholwa ifanitshala kunye namalaphu, leyo yafanelwa bahombise ngaphakathi ebhotwe. Ingakumbi kuba yokuhlala lakhe elitsha n odolwe IsiNgesi porcelain factory Wedgwood inkonzo isidlo izinto 952, iyileyo ndanxiba i isele - umlinganiswa Chesmensky Palace. Namhlanje, le nkonzo - umhombiso lokuqokelela Hermitage.

Imbali ngendelelo ngayo embindini omhle komkhulu. Yaqhubeka kancinane - zabantu eqingqiweyo batshintshelwa myuziyam, ifenitshala ngokuthe udidekile. Kodwa ke ngo-2005, oko salungiswa iholo enkulu yokuhlala, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba St George.

Palace no n Velikaya

Chesme Palace eSt Petersburg waba enye yeendawo ndiyithandayo ukumkanikazi. Wayedla waya kuye, kwaye xa ikhutshwa phandle kwimibhiyozo, imibhiyozo.

Kwaye ngo 1792, uCatherine wanika ibhotwe ukuya seSahluko Order of St George. Ukususela apha holo zajikeleza kumgangatho wesibini, ziye kwabanjwa intlanganiso Knights yoMyalelo, elithanda kuyo uKumkanikazi. Kwangoko zibekwe ukulawula, ugcino kunye zobuncwane.

Emva kokufa ebhotwe uCatherine Omkhulu, ngelishwa, oko ludilikile.

neminyaka yokungahoywa

UPawulos, zeza igunya, ngokupheleleyo abafuni ukusebenzisa komkhulu. Xa Alexander Second kunye nebhotwe lalize, kabini kuphela kuyo waphumla intombi ka-Catherine Institute.

Phantsi Nicholas Church First of ibhotwe yasetyenziselwa zokwenza amalungiselelo ukuze ube yindawo yokungcwabela i-Grand Neendwalutho. Apho wachitha ubusuku yomzalwana kwisidumbu yokumkani Alexander, apha ke lwaye etyeyeni zodidi zize zisiwe komngcwabo apha. Into efanayo ngomzimba Elizabeth Alekseevna.

almshouse

UMlawuli UPawulos akazange ungathanda nantoni wamkhumbuza ngunina, ngoko Chesma ibhotwe akazange aye, kwaye bakhetha ukuba achithe ixesha lakhe Gatchina. Wada wayefuna ukunika Ibhotwe a poorhouse, kodwa ayizange liphumeze le projekthi. IKomishoni kube nzima ukuba aququzelele kuyo, echaza ukusilela yokunqongophala kwamanzi.

Ngakumbi ngale ngcamango wamkhumbula Nicholas mna, abathi 1830 wakhupha ummiselo osemthethweni ukusekwa Chesma ibhotwe almshouses lomkhosi abakhubazekileyo kunye amagqala kunyaka imfazwe 1812. yaphela ke ibali izakhiwo ebhotwe.

Kuba lula nokunyusa indawo kwibhotwe sele kwenziwa ngokutsha okubalulekileyo. A. Shtaubert umyili wayethunywe kwakhona yenkosi ukuba ehotele abantu abakhubazekileyo. Uyawugqiba izakhiwo efanayo esinemigangatho emithathu, izihlanganisi nabo zineziphumo ezintsha ngokusebenzisa lembombo ezinde. Neenqaba ezinde ngokwabo sele lisusiwe kwaza endaweni uthango unamazinyo le nkundla. kwesango Brick indawo omtsha ziphosa-yentsimbi.

On the 2nd floor kule cawe yamiselwa ebusika. Endaweni amahlathi kunye amadlelo phambi lesidlo park rhoqo kubahlali uhamba. Kwiminyaka emine kamva, ezisecicini swi lunghekile, oko ukwamkela iindwendwe 400. Emva kwexesha elithile, kuwo onke isakhiwo siye ezakhiwe kakhulu imigangatho-2. Ngokuthe ngcembe yakhelwe ijikeleze izakhiwo ezongezelelweyo wayitshabalalisa emangcwabeni. Yaphela kanjalo ikamva ezimbaxa zokwakha - eyona intle, Manor romantic ixesha uCatherine kaThixo.

Ithuba Soviet

Ngowe-1919 Chesma sigodlo elindele iimvavanyo ezintsha. Almshouse lalivaliwe kwaye kwilifa wadala inkampu amabanjwa emfazwe kunye iintshaba wolawulo omtsha. Chesma Church ziphangwe, bamhluba umnqamlezo wakhe, zabe kwi Nozenza izifinyiso zaso ndawo izando nezixholo, njengemifuziselo ixesha elitsha.

Ngowe-1930 isakhiwo elalisakuba Palace Chesmensky wamnikela Road Institute. Iimfuno liziko ukwakhela ngamaphiko kwakhona. Yaye ebudeni Second World War, icawa kunye bhotwe kakubi eyonakaliswe zokuqhushumbisa. Emva kwemfazwe, zakhiwo wanika iLeningrad Institute of Aviation.

Ngowe-1946, i-Palace yalungiswa, nangona ingakumbi thalele ekulondolozweni ngayo kuqala. Ezi imisebenzi ekhokelwa wezakhiwo A. Korjagin.

day namhlanje

Chesma palace photo kuphela ngezinga kancane lufana yavela womzobi namhlanje nangoku ephethwe yi-University of Aerospace Instrumentation.

Manor Park kuvumelekile ukuba ufikelelo loluntu. Ngowe-1994, xa Cesme Church wabuyela iCawa yobuOthodoki, waqalisa nokubuyiselwa ngaphakathi kunye imbonakalo yangaphandle zetempile. Namhlanje, Ukhangela idibana phantse ngokupheleleyo kunye nolwakhiwo lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18.

Ekuqaleni 21 kwenkulungwane th, kwagqitywa ukubuyisela iholo enkulu welifa, kwaye ngo-2005 lavulwa ngokusemthethweni. Le holo kwaku Library University kunye zinginginya iziganeko ezahlukeneyo yemikhosi. Ngelishwa, namhlanje kuphela ezinye iindawo kwesakhiwo kukuvumela ukuba ubone umbono ongaqhelekanga Felten.