Cement - it ... The composition, iimpawu, iintlobo kunye nemveliso isamente

Ngawo onke amaxesha abantu iimfuno zabo wayenza zokwakha ukususela nezakhiwo zamandulo wobugcisa zobugcisa zale mihla. Ukuba izakhiwo kunye nezinye izakhiwo wahlala irobust ezongeziweyo, kufuneka ibe into engayi zokonakala ezinokuzuzwa ngokwahlukeneyo.

Cement - material osetyenziswa ligquba isakhiwo lweziqalelo. ukusetyenziswa kwayo inkulu ehlabathini namhlanje. Lusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, yaye imisela kwabantu bonke izibonelelo.

Imbali ingenzeka

izinto ekuqiniseni waqalisa ukusetyenziswa kumaxesha amandulo. Okokuqala yaba udongwe ekrwada. Ngenxa bakhululeke yayo yokufumana nokusasaza ukuba isicelo yonke indawo. Kodwa ngenxa viscosity ibuthathaka kunye nozinzo lodongwe wanika indlela shushu izinto ngayo.

E Egypt izinto zokwakha umgangatho wokuqala bazilungela. Le lime, ityatyekwe. Bona bayakwazi ukuzenza lukhuni emoyeni, yaye ngaloo ndlela sele isetyenziswe ngokubanzi. Ezi izinto zokwakha bazanelisayo iimfuno, sele awukaqalisi ukuphuhlisa navigation. Yaba yimfuneko into entsha leyo uya kumchasa intshukumo amanzi.

Ngenkulungwane XVIII, oko yasungulwa eziphathekayo - romantsement. It is a imveliso owawuza lukhuni emanzini kwaye emoyeni. Kodwa ke uphuhliso eyandisiweyo kushishino zifuna izixhobo ezingcono kunye neepropati sesibophelelayo. Kwinkulungwane XIX kokuba aqale enze into entsha yokubopha. Ibizwa Portland isamente. Le nto lisetyenziswa unanamhla. Ngophuhliso loluntu ukuze Umatshini ezibekwe neemfuno ezintsha. Kuba kwishishini ngalinye isebenzisa brand yaso, leyo iimpawu eziyimfuneko.

isakhiwo

Cement - amaqela iphambili kweshishini lokwakha. Awona macandelo aphambili kulo udongwe lekalika. Bona ezixutyiweyo phantsi ukufudumeza unyango. Ngoko ke ubunzima engumphumela ukusilwa ukuba ngumgubo ocolekileyo. umxube Gray entle - oku ke samente. Xa ezixutywe namanzi, ubunzima ekugqibeleni kuba njengelitye. Eyona iphambili kukukwazi lukhuni emoyeni kunye nokumelana ukufuma.

Ukulungiswa grout

Ekwakheni mass iyafuneka umgangatho% engamanzi kufuneka iqulathe ubuncinane 25. Ukutshintsha Umlinganiselo neziphumo ulwalathiso zobumnini yokusebenza esezantsi isisombululo kwakunye nomgangatho wayo. Kuthathwa emva kwemizuzu engama-60 emva koko ngamanzi, yaye emva kweeyure ezili-12, lo mxube ulahlekelwa luthambe. Konke kuxhomekeke lobushushu lomoya. I aphezulu oko kukuthi, i ngokukhawuleza ubunzima lukhuni.

Kuba sisombululo ufuna Isanti apho isamente lifakiwe. Lo mxube ngenxa yaba engumxube ngokucokisekileyo wathela amanzi. Kuxhomekeka umsebenzi ovela ebantwini bewenze isisombululo angaba eqhelekileyo okanye zizityebi. Eyokuqala ibandakanya olinganise 1: 5, kwaye eyesibini - 1: 2.

Iindidi nesamente yemveliso

Okwangoku, yenza kakhulu iintlobo yokubopha. Ngasinye esibonakala isidanga yalo yokuqaqadeka, okuboniswe yamanqaku.

Iindidi eziphambili zezi:

• Portland isamente (lime). Yeyona nguyise wabo bonke iintlobo. Nayiphi webhrendi ukuyisebenzisa njengesiseko. Umahluko kukuba ubuninzi kunye nokwakhiwa ke ongeziweyo leyo adlulisela iipropati ezinqwenelekayo isamente. Le umgubo ngokwayo inombala zizimvi oluhlaza. Xa ufaka ulwelo iqina kunye prochneet. Not esetyenziswa yi ngokwayo ekwakheni, yaye njengesiseko kulwenziwo izinto ahlanganisiweyo.
• A kuqamba plasticized kunciphisa iindleko, uyakwazi ukususa isisombululo lwezohambo kunye uyabachasa kakuhle kubanda.
• SLAG samente. Oku ngenxa yokuwela clinker, Ngokufutha-ezikweni zeBlack behlanganisa arhente esebenzayo. Isetyenziswa ekwakheni kwimveliso izisombululo kunye eziphathekayo.

• Aluminous. It anazo eliphezulu setting Izinga umsebenzi (imizuzu engama-45) kunye Ukuqinisa (epheleleyo kwenzeka kwisithuba seeyure 10). Kwakhona osemqoka lisahlulayo luvukelo okwandileyo ukuba ibingenakunyakama.
• Acid. Senziwe ngokuxuba dust isanti kunye sodium silicofluoride. Soda idityaniswe ukulungiselela isisombululo waterglass. Inzuzo zesamente enjalo - ukuxhathisa asidi. Abaphumeleli - a esaphila encinane.
• Umbala. Senziwe ngokuxuba Portland isamente kunye ebala izinto. Umbala okungaqhelekanga sisetyenziselwa iinjongo zokuhombisa.

imveliso Cement ubunjwe izigaba ezine:

• Nezokukhupha izinto zokwenza imveliso kunye nokulungiselela yayo.
• Beqhumisa kunye nemveliso clinker.
• Ukugaya ukuba ngumgubo ocolekileyo.
• Yokumana kusongezwa olunye ukungcola kuyimfuneko.

Iindlela zokuvelisa zesamente

Kukho iindlela ezi-3, nto leyo ixhomekeke impahla yokulungiselela ekrwada kunyango thermal:

• Wet. Ngale ndlela, ubungakanani zonke izigaba imveliso isamente efunekayo ilulwelo ekhoyo. Lusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho iinkalo eziphambili abakwazi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule nkqubo ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Oku itshokhwe ezinomthamo sokufuma eliphezulu, udongwe iplastiki okanye lekalika.

• Dry. Onke amanyathelo zokuvelisa isamente ezivavanyiweyo izinto equlathe wobungakanani bamanzi.
• Luhlangene. imveliso Cement ubandakanya zombini iindlela emanzi neyomileyo. umxube isamente Initial lukhutshwe ngamanzi, yaye emva koko ke ecociweyo izixhobo ezikhethekileyo eliphezulu.

eziphathekayo

Le izinto zokwakha, oluthi luqokelelane ngokuxuba a isamente, kukho isikhombisi, kunye nezongezelelo ulwelo ezifunekayo. Ngamanye amazwi, le umxube lukhuni, equka amatye eluthulini, isanti, amanzi kunye isamente. Eziphathekayo luphawulwa nokubunjwa kwayo zobungakanani ngodaka kunye lokufaka.

ngezigaba

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo Umatshini iyasetyenziswa, ikhonkrithi ingaba:

• Samente. Lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo yokwakha. Xa intliziyo ePortland yesamente iyasetyenziswa, kwakunye nezinto.
• Isichumisi. Kuye kwenyuka amandla. Izinto Umatshini sithathwa gypsum.
• Polymer. B isekelwe ipholiyesta nentlaka. Ifanele ukuba umsebenzi imiphezulu nkqo kunye nkqo. Lo cwangciso kokokuhombisa kunye nomhlaba.
• Silicate. impahla Umatshini zizixhobo siliceous kunye lime. Ngokweempawu yayo efana kakhulu zesamente kwaye kusetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kwezakhiwo ufakelo lwesamente.

Kuxhomekeka isicelo, i eziphathekayo ingaba:

• Eqhelekileyo. Used in zokwakha mveliso kunye yoluntu.
• Special. Ndafumana isicelo yayo kwizakhiwo hydraulic, kwakunye indlela, ubushushu kunye namaphepha zokuhombisa.
• injongo ekhethekileyo. Le eziluqilima ukumelana noxinzelelo imichiza, thermal kunye nezinye ezithile.

Iindleko zesamente

Abavelisi ukuvelisa iimveliso mazibotshwe ubunzima. iingxowa Weight zesamente 35, 42, 26, no-50 kg. Kubaluleke kakhulu buyanceda ukuthenga oko uguqulelo oludlulileyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu iyilungele umxokozelo kwaye ikuvumela ukugcina kwikhava. Kuxhomekeka kwisifundo, eya kwenziwa umsebenzi wokulungisa usebenzisa isamente, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukuba ixabiso wayo. Ukuba intlawulo ekuthini zonke ingxowa zesamente. ixabiso layo kulungisiwe kwaye zisenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke amabango umthengisi.

Phambi kokuba uqale ukubala iindleko imali, kufuneka isigqibo ezincinane enye ngaphezulu. Ngamanye amaxesha uyakwazi ukubona iintengiso, apho ixabiso echaziweyo ngezantsi umgangatho. Akufunekanga kuwa ngenxa kulo mgibe. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i isamente ebiza ihlanjululwa enganeno. Ukuphumelela a engange ezimbalwa, uya kulahlekelwa izinto zokwakha.

Thatha ingxowa 50 eemina lwesamente. Ixabiso brand M400D0 uya kuba 220 engange. nezinye indleko abafani, kodwa avareji ngayo:

• M400D20 - 240 engange.
• M500D0 - 280 engange.
• M500D20 - 240 engange.

Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa kuphela ezimbalwa iingxowa zesamente, ukuba inzuzo ukuthenga evenkileni lwengingqi intengiso izinto zokwakha kakhulu. Kwaye ukuba ufuna ubuninzi elikhulu, nceda uqhagamshelane ne-mveliso.

ukusetyenziswa zesamente

Phambi ekwenzeni nawuphi na umsebenzi wokwakha kukho umbuzo malunga nendlela isamente yimalini kuyimfuneko yaye yintoni ukungaguquguquki ukuba isisombululo. Ngokusesikweni, mandla kufuneka igcinwe kwaye kuba namacandelo ukulingana eliqingqiweyo.

Xa ukuba umsebenzi uxanduva kwaye kakhulu, ukuba ukuxuba zesamente nesanti "yi iliso" ayamkelekanga. Ukuba ngaba uzisole umbandela cementitious, kuba ezininzi iya kuxabisa babekhupha iinkuntyula zemali.

Ngoko isamente eninzi kuyimfuneko kuba wenza umsebenzi? Phendula imithetho yokwakha uncedo (isniphu). Oku kuthatha ingqalelo yonke imibandela echaphazela ukuveliswa mxube. Ukugxila uphawu ubume kwaye kuthathelwe ingqalelo yonke imibandela, sinako ukuchonga ngokucacileyo izinga ukusetyenziswa isamente 1 cubic meter isisombululo nganye.

Eyona iphambili, engaquki ithathele ingqalelo developers ezininzi - kukuba isamente isasazwa kwi imigodi phakathi kweengqakumbana yintlabathi. Khumbula ukuba kwengoma Umsebenzi. Xa yokugcina ende uphawu kwigumbi 500 kwiinyanga ezimbalwa bekuya kuba 400. Ngoko ke, xa uthenga kufuneka kusoloko ucele isatifikethi ukususela kumhla wokukhutshwa.