Boston Marathon 2013: izibakala kunye neziphumo

Boston Marathon - isiganeko zemidlalo zonyaka, uqhubekeka kwizixeko eziliqela Massachusetts. Kusoloko kuqhutyelwa Day ngokuthanda uhlanga (Usuku amathanda sizwe '), ngomhla wesithathu ngoMvulo ka-Aprili. Ugqatso yokuqala yaqhutywa ngo-1897. Waphefumlelwa impumelelo olu gqatso yokuqala yaseHlotyeni Olimpiki 1896. Boston Marathon - ugqatso endala lonyaka, nto leyo nayo ingqalelo enye edumileyo ehlabathini.

Marathon itsala malunga 500,000 ababukeli, nto leyo isiganeko zemidlalo uthandwa kakhulu New England. Nangona ngo-1897 ugqatso ubuzinyaswe abangama-18 iimbaleki, yena ngoku umlinganiselo-nxaxheba malunga nama-30 000 ababhalisiweyo. WeNtlokoma Boston Marathon ngo-1996 yaba ingxelo inani labathathi-nxaxheba: 38708 bezichaziwe ukuba abe uhlanga, abantu 36.748 wathabatha ukuya ekuqaleni kunye 35868 beza kufika entanjeni.

indaba

I-Boston Marathon yokuqala yaququzelelwa ngo-Apreli 1897, ngokukhuthazwa ukuvuselelwa ugqatso kwi yaseHlotyeni Olimpiki 1896 eAthene. Nguye lo mdala ngokuqhubekekayo zokusebenza Ubude yesibini e North America.

Lo mcimbi lixesha kwi ekubhiyozeleni uSuku abanombono ngolo (uSuku amathanda sizwe ') kwaye sesona uqhagamshelwano phakathi Fighters baseAthene kunye American inkululeko. Ophumelele wokuqala Dzhon Makdermott, ukubaleka umgama weekhilomitha 24.5 ngo 2:55:10. Ugqatso, nto leyo eyaba eyaziwa ngokuba Boston Marathon, sele kuqhutywa qho ngonyaka. Ngowe-1924, ekuqaleni yafudukela Hopkinton, kwaye elide kwendlela iikhilomitha 26 385 yards (42.195 km). Oku kwenzelwa ukuba ukukhawulelana nemigangatho ebekwe kwi-Olimpiki ngo-1908 kwaye uhlelwe kwi-1921 IAAF.

Ekuqaleni, lo Boston Marathon yaba sisiganeko ekuhlaleni, kodwa ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, kunye nesikhundla, waza waqalisa ukutsala kwiimbaleki evela ehlabathini lonke. Kulo uninzi imbali yayo, mcimbi ngokupheleleyo non-ngeniso, kunye ibhaso kuphela ngokuphumelela yaba isidanga womluki ukusuka kumasebe kumnquma. amabhaso ezixhasiweyo ngemali anikwa kuphela yaqala ngo-1980, emva kokuba midlalo siqale ukwala ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu gqatso ngaphandle amabhaso ezibalulekileyo. Ibhaso lokuqala kwidabi olu gqatso safunyanwa ngowe-1986.

Umzabalazo ilungelo kwabasetyhini ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule marathon

Abasetyhini abavumelekanga ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngokusesikweni i-Boston Marathon de-1972. Robert Gibb, ngokutsho abaququzeleli siganeko, lo mfazi wokuqala ukubaleka umgama ngokupheleleyo elide zonke (ngo-1966). Ngowe-1967, Ketrin Svittser obhaliswe "K. V. Svittser", waba libhinqa lokuqala qhaqha ekupheleni kunye nenani esemthethweni ye-nxaxheba. Wakwazi ukuya kufika entanjeni, nangona isiganeko yaziwa ngokubanzi, apho ummeli lolawulo olu gqatso Jock Semple wazama Uhlaze egumbini lakhe yaye akazange avumele ukuba basinde. Ngowe-1996, amabhinqa inxaxheba ngokungacwangciswanga olu gqatso ukususela 1966 ukuya 1971, kwaye kuqala lifike kumgca entanjeni, waye retroactively ngokusesikweni ziintshatsheli ezaziwayo. Ngowe-2015, malunga nowama-46% abathathi-nxaxheba babe ababhinqileyo.

Nehlazo ne Rozi Ruis

Kwihlazo yenzeke e-Boston Marathon ngo-1980, xa imbaleki-lover Rosie Ruiz waphuma ndawo waza waphumelela ugqatso phakathi kwabafazi. Abameli kulawulo gqatso nokusola xa bafumanisa ukuba Ruiz akakwazi ukubona iividiyo kugqatso phantse ase ekupheleni. uphando olwenziwa emva koku lwabonisa ukuba inkoliso Ruiz Poswayo iziganeko, yaye emva koko, malunga neekhilomitha (1.6 km) ukuya ekugqibeleni, egalelwe isihlwele ngokulula kwangaphezulu okhuphisana. Judges ngokusesikweni akafanelekile Rosie. Boston Marathon ngo-1980, ngaloo ndlela, waphumelela womdlali waseKhanada Zhaklin liphawula.

iingozi

Ngowe-1905, uYakobi Edward Brooks ukusuka North Adams e Massachusetts wabulawa yinyumoniya kungekudala emva kokuba zombini Wabaleka elide, kwaye babuyele ekhaya. Ngo-1996, indoda eneminyaka engama-62 ubudala evela eSweden, wafa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo. Ngo-2002, i-Sintiya Lusero oneminyaka eli-28 ubudala wabulawa hyponatremia.

Boston Marathon 2013

Ngexesha elide ngo-2013, Aprili 15, at 14:49 sendawo, emva kweeyure ngaphezu ezimbini emva kokuba abaphumeleleyo bawela umgca entanjeni kwi Boylston Street, malunga 200 eemitha ngaphambi kokuba entanjeni, kwakukho udubulo ezimbini, umgama phakathi kwabo 180 leemitha.

Kukhala wabulala abantu abathathu kwalimala abantu ubuncinane 144, ngaye 17 wenzakele kakhulu. Phakathi ekufeni yayibubungqina oneminyaka esibhozo-boy. Akukho qela abagrogrisi ufune uxanduva Iraq. Kwathatha ngaphaya kwe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) kunye ifoto abarhanelwa ababini zafunyanwa kungekudala.

Ebusuku, Aprili 18 yezulu e Cambridge kufuphi Massachusetts Institute of Technology, wabulawa ipolisa, ngoko waqalisa kuzanywa ukubamba abarhanelwa ababini, bazalwana Tamerlan kunye Dzhokhar Tsarnaevyh. I omdala kubo, Tamerlan, wafa esibhedlele kusasa ngomhla we-19 Epreli. kubahlali abakufutshane bacetyiswa ukuba bahlale ezindlwini zabo kunye iingcango zitshixiwe. zokuhamba Public e Boston icima phantsi, kuquka iindlela inkulu kwiphondo Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority kunye nenkampani kaloliwe Amtrak; Baba izikolo ezivaliweyo kunye needyunivesithi, kwakunye amashishini amaninzi. Amalungu kwamalungelo oluntu phantsi kwephiko amapolisa karhulumente ayihlasela isixeko Watertown, no-19 Apreli, ngo-8:45 Dzhokhar Tsarnaev wabanjwa.

Boston Marathon 2013 dubulo okubangele ukufa inkwenkwana eneminyaka eli-8 ubudala yaye umfazi oneminyaka engama-29 ubudala (zombini abahlali amadlelo Boston), kwakunye umfundi oneminyaka eli-23 ubudala evela eTshayina, kuyintlekele enkulu lonke ihlabathi ephucukile. Phakathi kakhulu abalimele unina kunye udade inkwenkwe ungasekhoyo.

Ukuhlasela kwabagrogrisi olu gqatso

Udubulo Ziyaqhubeka ezimbini emva kwesithuba imizuzwana 15 enziwa kufuphi Copley Square Boston. Ngenxa abagrogrisi wababulala abantu abathathu walimala ngaphezu nekhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo ubungnqongqo. Abaphumeleleyo entanjeni malunga iiyure ezimbini phambi kokuba kuqhuma, kodwa kwakusekho okuninzi weembaleki abaye uqalise kuphela de kube sekupheleni Boston Marathon.

Yokuhlasela a immangalise wonke: ukuhlasela naziphi na izisongelo kwimibutho abanqolobi hlobo.

Iziqhushumbisi ababeqhutywa uhlobo ababa ngokulula ukwenza ukuthatha imiyalelo kwi-Intanethi okanye kuyo nayiphi na umthombo. Kuqhume waba ngaphakathi cookers uxinzelelo-ilitha ezintandathu, apho obufihlwe ubhaka nenayiloni.

Ukudubula, sizenzela babanjwe

Kungekudala emva kokuba iifoto zipapashwe, kwakukho kokulwa kwi kummandla Massachusetts Institute of Technology, kufutshane izakhiwo 32 (Stata Centre). Oku kwenzeka ngo-Aprili 18 kwi iiyure 22 imizuzu 48 ixesha sendawo (02:48 UTC). wadubula kwenziwa. Iimbumbulu hit ipolisa ehleli imoto patrol. Kokuba asiwe Hospital Massachusetts Jikelele, yaye, emva kwexesha elithile, oogqirha konstantirovali ukufa. Shon Kollier wabiza amapolisa, wayeneminyaka engama-26 ubudala, wazalwa e Somerville, Massachusetts, waza wasebenza kwisebe yamapolisa Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Tsarnaev usapho wathimba isilivere Mercedes lemoto e Cambridge kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba lirhoxe kumnini ATM $ 800. Bayisa imali, makeze umatshini host. Abarhanelwa wamxelela ukuba athweswe uxanduva lokumelwa kukuphendula iziqhushumbisi e Boston Marathon. Amapolisa ndizilandile nje imoto kwisixeko Watertown, Massachusetts. Amagosa ukuthotyelwa komthetho Watertown ingxelo ukungqubana eziliqela kunye zeenkcuba, apho kananjalo uliphulaphule udubulo. Kwangobo busuku bunye, iphephandaba i Boston Globe ingxelo ukuba yezulu wathabatha abantu inxalenye abo babefuna ukuba uhlaselo ngexesha olu gqatso. A baseyunivesithi namapolisa kunye kukuqhushumba kuwa uphoswe yi izaphuli babukela ngabahlali Watertown. Omnye kubazalwana hlasi umkhombe, kodwa yesibini wakwazi ukubaleka SUV ezibiweyo. Xa yezulu, yena walimala ipolisa eliligosa lendlela nyaka-33 ubudala Massachusetts Bay ogama Richard H. Donahue Jr. Ngethamsanqa, isilonda akubulali.

Ngentsasa ka-Aprili 19, emva jaha imoto kunye yezulu kunye namapolisa, omnye abarhanelwa, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, u yisiwe kwi-Medical Center Beth Izreyel, apho wafela of amanxeba ezininzi kunye nokwenzakala ezinzileyo xa kukhala. I-FBI wakhululwa iifoto abarhanelwa ezimbini iziganeko Watertown. Lo mzalwana yesibini, Dzhokhar, ngubani maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba 'umrhanelwa kwi umnqwazi emhlophe, "ngokutsho amapolisa nangoku ngokubanzi. Abasemagunyeni bathi waphoswa abazalwana ngaphandle emotweni intlekele yakhe ekhaya-eyenziwe amapolisa wamgxotha ukusuka Cambridge ukuya Watertown.

Ngowe-2015, enye kwabenzi kuqhuma, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, wafunyanwa enetyala ngamacala 30 waza wagwetyelwa ukufa.

kwakukhunjulwa

April 18 e Boston Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Cross yabamba i inkonzo yesikhumbuzo kweenkonzo kumaxhoba abagrogrisi. Wayedlala i US UMongameli Barack Obama kunye ezinye amagqala Boston Marathon.

Le kweziyobisi kwihlazo olu gqatso 2014

Le webanga elide kulo nyaka, zaseKenya Rita Dzheptu weza entanjeni ngowokuqala phakathi kwabafazi. Noko ke, oko kukhatywa emva kokuba abameli World Anti-kweziyobisi Arhente ubhengeze ukuba uvavanyo kwayo izinto ezivaliweyo wabonisa iziphumo ezidibanisayo. Ukuchotshelwa kwimeko zaye zabanjwa ngoJanuwari 2015.

Boston Marathon 2016

Ngowe-2016, American Jami Marseille waba ngowokuqala ode entanjeni le Boston Marathon umfazi lowo zombini umlenze. Khokela lo mcimbi Bobbi Gibb, lowo mnye wabaleka webanga kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo, ngo-1966. Ophumelele yabafazi-2016, lo mTiyopiya womdlali atsede baysa, Bobbi Gibb wamnika umvuzo wakhe. Wavuma ukuba uwamkele kwi imeko kwisithuba esingangonyaka uza Ethiopia ndayokufika umnini esemthethweni indebe.