Bonsai: akhule njani imbewu. Growing bonsai evela pine, oki, maple

Bonsai - umthi encinane isiqu kunye isithsaba engaqhelekanga. imbali yayo bususela ukuya kumaxesha amandulo e-China, kodwa Japan bonsai bavela kwizityalo nje engaqhelekanga kwimizobo langoku. Namhlanje, kunye nemithi ngokwawo, kunye neendlela zokulima lwabo luchazwa ngegama elithi "bonsai". Indlela yokutyala ummangaliso ekhaya? Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze eziqhelekileyo asisuki okanye isithombo umthi wajika noziqulathe-elementi decor? Indlela yokutyala bonsai nenomlanga nompleyini okanye oluqinile? Malunga bonke ukuba umdla kule art Japanese, kuxutyushwa kwinqaku ngezantsi.

Kutheni abantu abaninzi kangaka ukhethe bonsai phakathi amakhulu ntlobo zezityalo?

iintyatyambo Potted uyakwazi lihle nayiphi ngaphakathi, ukongeza ukugqama kunye amathayara. Ukongeza, izityalo eziphilayo kubahlambulula emoyeni kuwanelisa nge-oksijini. Nabani na othanda iintyatyambo, kodwa hayi indawo enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukulungiselela iikopi ezinkulu siziinduli, ngokuqhelekileyo ukhethe bonsai. Indlela akhule ngayo wena, abathandi abanomdla kuphantse kube njalo rhoqo kwezityalo endlwini, kuba oko kuthatha ixesha elininzi neenzame. Nangona lo uhlobo kunye nenomlanga, kodwa kusekhona umthi, yaye, ke ngoko, oko amiliswe kumbandela kweminyaka kunokuba kweenyanga, njengoko iintyatyambo rhoqo egadini phezu efestileni. Umbuzo of akhule ngayo bonsai imbewu, zichazwe beliqela, kuba lo msebenzi nokuba nzima ngakumbi kwaye ifuna umonde. Ngelo xesha ekunyamekeleni zemithi, nenomlanga, ukudala isithsaba engaqhelekanga, ukuhonjiswa emhlabeni - konke oku kwenza i umdlalo omkhulu ukuze ngqondweni wakho, ngoko ke ukuba nentsusa kwento kunye yimincili mkhulu lee ukulinywa lwakudala lokuba izityalo ezisendlwini. Ngoko ke, ungathini? Emva koko siqalisa ukuba siqhelane ubugcisa bonsai zonke iinkcukacha!

Indlela ukuba bakhethe isityalo ukudala bonsai?

Indlela yokutyala umthi? Bonsai ukuba wenze akukho nto ngaloo nto ukuba andazi? Kakade ke, kufuneka uqale zokukhetha izixhobo lokutyala. Amaninzi, le nkqubo lwenzeka kwi nursery okanye greenhouse. Phakathi imithi ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo coniferous ezikhulayo akummandla wethu, ezazithandwa ingundoqo ezi maple kunye pine. Yenza bonsai kubo ngokukhawuleza kungatshitshi, kodwa ekugqibeleni ufumana kakhulu le "ezincinanana" kwi isithethe best Japanese. Ungazama yokutyala umthi omncinane kunye nezinye iintlobo, phakathi kwawo:

• kumabakala ngamabakala Lilac;
• spirea;
• Saskatoon;
• cherry;
• nespruce;
• apile;
• konwele;
• larch;
• viburnum;
• cotoneaster;
• hawthorn;
• ezinde;
• barberry.

Enyanisweni, ukudala bonsai yokwenene evela phantse nasiphi na isityalo. Eyona nto baziva bekhululekile xa imozulu yendawo kwaye ukunyamezeleka kakuhle ukuthenwa rhoqo.

kulula kakhulu ukuba akhule bonsai potted izityalo kweentyatyambo. Iingcali bacebisa ukuba zincede zikhethe kakuhle eyayizalwa kwiintlobo kunye namagqabi ezincinane. Umele ukuba sele thaca njenge bonsai ficus uBhenjamin, umthi ikofu, lemon okanye amakhiwane. Akukho kubi iza kukhangeleka ngathi ehibiscus, ndimkhathalela boxwood kunye ngowakhe.

Kwaye umele ukuba ukugqiba le yinxalenye incoko malunga bonsai: Khetha izityalo oyithandayo. Umsebenzi e bekuya kuba elide, kwaye isiphumo akunakwenzeka ukuba brilliant, ukuba umthi ubuya kuba okruqulayo, ivumba okanye liqhuma.

Indlela ukukhetha i imbiza kunye nomhlaba ukuze bonsai?

Ngoko ke, wena ukhethe ethenga isithombo apho ufuna ukwenza i bonsai. Indlela akhule kuyo womelele kwaye usempilweni? Yonke lento iqala ekukhetheni zeebhekile kunye nokutyala.

Le imbiza zilungele ukuba imithi, nenomlanga Japanese - isitya yodongwe, hayi nzulu kakhulu, ubukhulu becala, efana isitya. Beka kufanele kube ngokwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingcambu bonsai agcinwa ngokukhuselekileyo nesigqubuthelo.

Kulo mzekelo, kokungafunekiyo ukusebenzisa emhlabeni ukuze izityalo eziqhelekileyo endlwini kuba lusinika eninzi ukunyakama, kwaye inkqubo ingcambu izithole ukuze kubola. Kwindalo, bonsai ukukhula kwiimeko ezinzima, phezu ezilulwalwa nelamaxandeka, ebambelele engxondorheni phantse ebalelelwe lilanga. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi ukuba iimeko umthi ekhaya kufuneka kukhula ematyeni, kodwa umgangatho womhlaba kufuneka libe kufutshane zendalo. Kwimeko umsebenzi ophambili kwembiza bonsai zomhlaba - wokulungelelanisa inxalenye eriyeli ye tswele.

Indlela utyale bonsai?

Kwisikhongozeli ukuba mngxunya. Kukwacetyiswa kwakhona ukuba babeke phezu emazantsi kwigridi, ukuthintela iziniki-emhlabeni. Phambi kokutyala iingcambu bonsai zalungisa ukuze izityalo kunye embizeni. Galela encotsheni grid kancinci emhlabeni, ngoko babeke umthi nizibophe nxalenye inkulu wire layo phantsi komhlaba, ukulungisa ukuba itanki ngokusebenzisa mngxunya. Gqibezela ukugcwalisa embizeni kunye lomhlaba kunye namanzi bonsai.

Qaphela ukuba uhlobo lomthi i kwimozulu epholileyo, ukulima entwasahlobo. Ukuba uceba ijike ibe oyinzalelwane bonsai ekweleenjiko, ingenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha enyakeni.

Indlela yokunyamekela bonsai?

Indlela ukhule bonsai ekhaya? Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka agcine iimeko zokukhanya kunye nobushushu ethile ngaphakathi, ukudala umgangatho eyaneleyo ukufuma nokuqokelela ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba bonsai - oko inkcubeko ukuba akusoloko kuba egumbini. Kuya kufuneka kwenzeke ngokuhamba kwexesha kuthumela ngumoya; phezu balcony, okulala okanye egadini.

imithi Ukukhanya kufuneka kakhulu, ingakumbi xa imozulu enamafu ebusika, xa imini lifutshane. Ukulungisa le meko iya kunceda ukusetyenziswa izibane ezibengezelayo.

Ukufuma malunga bonsai kugcinwa kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo ngokumisela isiqulathi encinane elandelayo imbiza amanzi. Kuyenzeka ukuba aququzelele ukutshiza imihla ngqo wesipreyi bonsai. Yenza oku kusasa kwada kwangokuhlwa uyahamba aye ixesha ize koma.

iimeko Ubushushu zikhethiwe ngamnye, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile kweenkuni. Umzekelo, abantu abavela kwimimandla efudumeleyo (nomrharnate, nomnquma, et yommirtile al.) Bazive bekhululekile xa amaqondo obushushu 7-15 ° C. bonsai Tropical kufuneka shushu - ukususela nge-16 ukuya kowama-25 ° C.

Imithi wankcenkcesha njalo kodwa iinxalenye ezincinane. Umhlaba embizeni kufuneka uhlale ufumile kodwa ungabi manzi kakhulu. Amanzi ngaphambili decanted. Ideal - is meltwater. Lumka xa ukunkcenkceshela ogalelwe yonke Ebubanzini umhlaba embizeni. Summer "amanzi" bonsai kufuneka usoloko njengoko bekhula kweli xesha kakhulu ngakumbi.

Indlela yokulungiselela imbewu imithi efinyeziweyo?

Ukuba unomdla ukuze akhule indlela bonsai embewini, nje uzilungiselele ngenxa yokuba ixesha bekuya kuthabatha ezininzi, maxa wambi ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5. impahla Ukutyala zingathengwa enkulisa, umyalelo-intanethi okanye ziyokuthatha ngokwakho epakini ekufutshane.

imithi Tropical ikhule ukusuka iimbewu boxwood, nemimirtile, glycine, ficus, ebanzi - beech, hornbeam, maple, Elm, ezinde, nompleyini - umsedare, pine, msipres, ipayini.

izinto Ukutyala ezifana iintlobo njengoko hawthorn, konwele, quince, kufuneka ukugcina ukuphumla iinyanga 6-12. Iimbewu babekwa sikhongozeli emanzi kwaye ushiye endaweni epholileyo. pine elizayo, nespruce, umsipres nompleyini emiterebhintini, phezu koko, oko kungcono kuhlwayelwa ngoko nangoko emva kokuvuna.

Ngoko ke, indlela yokutyala oki bonsai okanye ezinye imbewu uhlobo? Kwangoko phambi kokutyala kwabo imila emanzini, moss okanye vermiculite. Begqobhozile shell nzima ukuphucula ekuntshuleni. Kukwacetyiswa kwakhona ukuba ukwenza unyango imbewu nomhlaba inzalo fungicide ukunciphisa amathuba zeentsholongwane sifo.

Apho, ukuba ndityale njani ziyantshuliswa iimbewu bonsai?

Xa kulinywa fuku eziphathekayo, lungiselela iimbiza. iindebe ezifanelekileyo nja- okanye iplastiki ixhaphakileyo, ezele umgquba kunye nomxube isanti (1: 1). Umhlaba zilinganisiwe, yabeka phandle imbewu, kwaye ngaphezulu obegalelwe wesanti erhabaxa. Gquma isiqulathi umboniso okanye iglasi ukwenza i greenhouse effect. Musa ukulibala ukuba esweni ukufuma kubangela mini-teplichke.

Xa isanti ukukhuhla amahlumelo yokuqala, hlela kwakhuthazwa rhoqo, kwaye emva kokuvela izithole amagqabi kuvulelwa ngokupheleleyo. Emva kokuba afike ukuphakama izityalo ka-10 cm cup yeplastiki indawo embizeni ngokupheleleyo. Ukususela ngelo xesha, u nga ngcembe uqale ukubumba ikamva bonsai.

Indlela akhule bonsai evela izithole?

Kuba abo bafuna ukufunda ukukhula indlela bonsai kulondolozwa ixesha, chaza indlela ukuyilwa bonsai evela izithole. Ukuthelekisa kunye indlela imbewu, qaphela ukuba le nkqubo iza kwandiswa malunga nonyaka. Izithole ukusika amahlumelo sempilweni enemithi kunye neengcambu kumhlaba otyebileyo okanye ngesanti emanzi. Ukuba ukhetha sapling, yenze ngcono ngo-Apreli okanye ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Ukuze alungiselele ningazicenti bonsai avuthulukayo sincoma Juni.

Kubalulekile: yokutyala umthi we amasetyana aqingqiweyo pine okanye omsedare akusayi kusebenza. Kwelinye icala, ukuba unomdla ukuze akhule ngayo bonsai maple indlela yokumilisela, uyazi amahlumelo olu hlobo, kwakunye nemiterebhinti, barberry, hornbeam kunye namatyholo, asetyenziswa ezintangweni, zona kakuhle kakhulu. iingcambu sapling ixesha elide, maxa wambi iminyaka. Ixesha lokuqala emva luzimisele izithole kufuneka ukuba bawajonge ngenyameko: wobulali, rhoqo amanzi. Ukutyebisa akuyomfuneko ukwenza njenge inani elaneleyo izondlo na emhlabeni evulekileyo.

Indlela ukwenza isithsaba bonsai?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi bonsai. Indlela yokutyala umthi? Ngokwabo, ukuze kube ngathi le "Japanese"? Okokuqala, Crohn bonsai kufuneka imilo etsobhileyo. imithi look wokuqala kakhulu neendlu emasebeni benza amacandelo iqapheleka eliphezulu tyaba uhlaza eqinileyo ngamnye kubo. Qaphela ukuba oku nje entle, kodwa bonsai okunempilo kakhulu.

Le ukuthenwa yokuqala ikhutshwa phandle ngoko nangoko emva kokutyala, izityalo. Musa angawaconganga awasemvelweni amasebe, kuyimfuneko ukuba ushiye abo ezingena silhouette yakho owavela le bonsai elizayo kuphela. Kuqhina Namagatya ukuba iingcambu, athe ngokubhijela ucingo okanye uyatsala imithwalo, ungabeka cala lokukhula emthini. Ngelo xesha kwenu emi- amandla phakathi kwamasebe eyomeleleyo ngokuncipha.

Uninzi ukuthenwa olunzulu lwenziwa emva ebusika. Ngexesha lonyaka bonsai isithsaba ukulungisa iinwele oxolelayo. Le ndlela kuxhomekeke kuphela kwi iminqweno yakho ngohlobo imithi, kodwa kwi zohlobo kwisityalo.

Artificial bonsai ukuguga

Indlela yokutyala ikhaya bonsai umthi ukuba emva kweminyaka 1-2, kukhangeleke ngokungathi yena kwiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi? Kukho indlela ekhethekileyo wokwaluphala. Ngamanye amaxesha usebenzisa imela okanye ucingo ngabathezi ukuba bonsai buti iindawo isuswe le uthinte. Ngomonde kunye nolwazi yeengcingane, unako nokuba ukwahlula umthi okanye wenze saholoholo. Ukuba uceba ukushiya sprig wokuphila, akanako eshiywe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle ixolo yayo. Gcina ubuncinane isiqwenga obhityileyo owanihlangulayo ukutya ukusuka umboko ukubhabha phezulu. amasebe abafileyo bayakwazi sostarivayut ngakumbi ngolona hlobo, usebenzisa mgawuli ekhethekileyo zokuba ziinkuni. umboko wayizalela ngamanye amaxesha efafazwe okanye, phezu koko ke, ukuphupha.

Konwele, pine kunye nespruce uboleke kakuhle bona ukuba impatho enjalo, kuba iinkuni kwabo iqulathe izinto ezizodwa iyaluthintela uphuhliso nokuvunda kwaye ezibolileyo.

amagama aliqela abalandeli bokwenyaniso bonsai: Izityalo kunye nentlaka ezisusiweyo ebizwa ngokuba 'sharimiki "kunye buti yahlula -" sabamiki ".

air Ukufikisa

Air emva komnye mfuneko yokuba amanqaku makalungiswe uhlobo bonsai, umzekelo, ukuba isiqu elide kakhulu.

Ukuze ufumane emivuzo, ngomhla buti izityalo ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo ukwenza liqatywe setyhula kunye nokususa isiqwenga amaxolo. Indlela akhule bonsai evela imithi ngcu usebenzisa le ndlela? Nge Conifers umsebenzi kancinane ngokwahlukileyo: ukubaleka ubotshwe ngocingo ukuze kwabonakala inxeba, uze yokunyakamisa stimulator banye. Umonakalo ngenxa kwiimeko zombini sphagnum lusongelweyo zimanzi kwaye akhusele istili iminatha ingcongconi ezaliswe kumhlaba otyebileyo. Ukwenza le nkqubo ingcono entwasahlobo.

Veza cover ekwindla (conifer bonsai - nonyaka emva koko). Kwisiza eso basinqumla ukuba kuvela iingcambu abaselula. Emva koko kufuneka ukuba ulinde de iingcambu musa ekhalipha. Lonke eli xesha, kufuneka baqhubeke ukuhlala phantsi kophahla.

Xa ubona ukuba iingcambu bakulungele ukuqinisekisa ukuba unikezelo kwezondlo bonsai zomhlaba, ukususa i-inshorensi, wayityatya isityalo ngezantsi nje izithole aze afakwe kwisingxobo entsha.

Kakade ke, eli bali ngobuchule Japanese zemithi ezincinanana kunye nokukhula yabo ikude lee epheleleyo. Ukuba ugqiba ukwenza eyakho bonsai yakho yokuqala, kuya kufuneka ufunde banzi kakhulu. Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uhlobo iinkuni kunye nesimbo oyikhethayo, khumbula ukuba kule meko loo nto engundoqo - umonde, ingqalelo, inkathalo, kwaye ... akho engqondo!