Bond ionic

Ukuyilwa kwento iqhina imichiza ibandakanya inkqubo nokunikezelwa electron uxinano, ekuqaleni wayekwiqela atom ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yokuba electron zinxulunyaniswa nangaphandle undoqo ngaphantsi ixesha elide, kwaye enze indima engundoqo ekubunjweni ezimbaxa. Inani kokufakelwa, nto leyo ukhandwa i-atom kwi ezimbaxa, ebizwa Valence. Ngako oko, abathatha inxaxheba ekubunjweni elektroni ngenxa ekubhekiselwe electron Valence. Ngokunxulumene ne-eneji kukho athom uzinzo ezahlukeneyo. Eyona ezinzileyo lowo kwinqanaba lwangaphandle kukho electron amabini okanye ezisibhozo (isixa maximum). Lo ngumphakamo koko kuqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo. amanqanaba ezigqityiweyo enjalo uphawu athom equlethwe neegesi amanene. Kule meko, kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, baba zikwimeko kwerhasi monoatomic, afana egalelwe.

Kuba kwezinye izinto atomic uphawu amanqanaba gqitywanga. Xa yokusabela yemichiza kwenzeka amanqanaba umyalelo ukugqitywa lwangaphandle. Oku kungenxa electron bahlehla okanye uthimbo, ngokunjalo ngokwenza le zomphunga eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kwasekwa covalent kunye nimanyane ionic. Izinto zobumnini atom apho wabonakaliswa befuna ukufumana uzinzo electronic amaxabiso yangaphandle. Kuya kuba nokuba electron ezimbini-okanye vosmielektronnoy. Lo mthetho ithathwa isiseko thiyori ibhondi wemichiza.

Formation of the compound kwenzeka, kunye nokukhethwa isixa esikhulu ngokwaneleyo amandla. Ngamanye amazwi, uqhagamshelo Ukwakheka lwenziwa exothermically. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho amasuntswana amatsha (iimolekyuli) ngokuqhelekileyo ilifa uzinzo olukhulu.

Electronegativity kubonisa emikhulu kubunjani asakhulayo yonxibelelwano. Olu phawu lubonakala kwi ukukwazi ukutsala electron-athom zezinye atom.

Le ingaka ibatsalayo electrostatic phakathi ion - kuba ionic gqithisela. Enjalo intsebenziswano kunokwenzeka phakathi athom kunye electronegativity eyahlukileyo kabukhali. bond Ionic kwenza iikhompawundi ahambelanayo ionic. Ziqulethe iimolekyuli ngamnye kuphela kunyuka karhulumente. bond Ionic kwi iikhompawundi ze crystalline (okuqinileyo) karhulumente iqulathe oyenzayo ion (akhabayo kunye navumelanayo) amalungiselelo rhoqo. Kulo mzekelo, i iimolekyuli abangekhoyo.

Imichiza leyo luphawulwa iqhina ionic, kwasekwa imiba subgroups eziphambili amaqela 1,2,6,7. iikhompawundi ezifana ambalwa. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, kufuneka ibandakanye iityuwa (NH4Cl), saltlike izinto eziphilayo (amine kunye nezinye iityuwa).

covalent Nonpolar kunye nolwalamano ionic ezi zimo ezimbini lonikezelo lwe loxinano electron. Kuba iimpawu yokuqala phakathi ukwabiwa enye nefanayo amasuntswana (athom) nisondelelane ezimbini ilifu electron. Kwimeko enye, electron ilifu ionic bobabo phantse ngokupheleleyo ukuya kwenye atom. Nakuba kunjalo, kuninzi khompawundi basabela zikwinqanaba kwinqanaba eliphakathi. Ngamanye amazwi, zakha polar covalent bond.

Indlela abasabela okwenzeka ngenxa ukuyilwa ngezibini electron ekwabelwana, kuba covalent. Covalent bond wabonakala ngenxa intsebenziswano ye-athom kunye electronegativity ezahlukeneyo, loo nto ithathwa ezibandayo. Electron density kwisibini nisondelelane electron ishenxiselwe i-atom, leyo eletkrootritsatelnost ngaphezulu. Njengoko imizekelo molekyuli ezifana H2S, NH3, H2O, kunye nabanye. Xa ezi zihlanganisi, imbonakalo yonxibelelwano covalent (polar kunye nonpolar) kungenxa electron unpaired ubophe atom.