Bird flu: iimpawu ebantwini. Unyango, uthintelo, iimpawu ezisaqalayo

Influenza Avian (H5N1) ubizwa ngokuba iintlobo iintsholongwane influenza ezosulela iintaka kwaye idluliselwe kumntu kubo. ukudluliselwa sifo kwenzeka ubukhulu becala ngenxa indlela ilindle-ngomlomo.

ulwazi zembali

umkhuhlane weentaka ingxelo yokuqala Italy 1880. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, esi sifo kwafikela iintaka ezifudukayo ukusuka eMzantsi East Asia kwamanye amazwe, afana Austria, eJamani, eSweden, basala Romania, eAsia, kuMzantsi nakuMntla Melika , Afrika. umkhuhlane weentaka ibonakele eRashiya ngowe-2005, yena zidweliswe zasendle zifuduka zasemanzini. kokuqhambuka yehlelwa kwicala naseNovosibirsk, eOmsk, Tyumen, Kurgan, imimandla eChelyabinsk zeAltai Territory. Le hit elilandelayo intsholongwane Kalmykia, ummandla Tula, Turkey, Romania.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala intaka unomkhuhlane ebantwini sabhalwa ngowe-1997 e-Hong Kong.

Yintoni na ingozi yesifo

Olu hlobo flu kuyingozi kakhulu ngabantu, angenziwa abanaso kakhulu kwaye bandiqumbise umonakalo omkhulu imiphunga, intsholongwane ezinokosulela kwesibindi, nezintso nobuchopho. Ukongeza, ukuba buthuntu ukuba interferon iziyobisi, "rimantadine" kwaye umkhwa lokuziguqula, nto leyo eyenza kube ngakumbi yingozi. Lokufa esi sifo kakhulu eliphezulu kwaye 50-80%.

Yintoni yahlukile yomkhuhlane eziqhelekileyo avian na?

Iimpawu abantu ekuqaleni zifana iimpawu lomkhuhlane rhoqo. iimpumlo ezivuzayo, ukukhohlela, ubushushu bomzimba ukwanda, indoda iba buthathaka nelidangeleyo. Kodwa iziphumo sifo ibinzima kunene, uninzi amatyala ziyabulala.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uqoqosho ubuncinane enye intaka, abulale yonke imfuyo ukuze baphephe imiphumo emibi.

transmission indlela

Umthombo losulelo - ezi zasemanzini zasendle. Abayi begula. Ukuba emanzini amileyo, endleni intaka wemka apho yintsholongwane, apho ngamanzi abosulelekileyo zasemanzini iinkukhu, kwaye ngoko ke abanye, ngubani na kuqoqosho.

virus Man sisasazwa zamathontsana emoyeni. Xa ukhohlela amathontsi stand iinkukhu yencindi yomlomo okanye amathe. Ukusezela kubo, umntu osuleleke. Le ntsholongwane yosulela ngokuhlangana, ngokuthinta zifundo apho kukho ulwabiwo inyama yenkukhu zizifo.

Le ntsholongwane inokuphila iminyaka emininzi kubushushu ngezantsi thabatha 70 ° C, kwaye kungoko nga zigcinwe inyama zibambene. Yadlula inyama ubushushu ngayo ngokukhuselekileyo ukubulala intsholongwane kwi +70 ° C, ukongeza, ukuba akanako ukumelana waphinda yingqele ezininzi (izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-5).

zisengozini enkulu yokuba kokukhwela kwentsholongwane abantu abasebenza ezifama zeenkukhu, abahlali zasemaphandleni, ukusasaza iinkukhu. Kwakhona xa abantwana abasemngciphekweni, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nabantu abadala.

iimpawu eziphambili

Xa iintaka, isifo kungenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Le ukhetho lokuqala ayinayo nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Bird, ogulayo, liyayeka ukuba asithwale, waphawula ukukhohlela, iintsiba ezi ruffled. Lwalo yesibini, apho kukho ilahleko yokuphefumla, wokudla, ezibulalayo.

njani a umkhuhlane intaka zabantu? Iimpawu kwi abantu usaqala ezifanayo iimpawu ze-flu umkhuhlane okanye, kodwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ijike ibe pneumonia. isifo kuphelela ekufeni.

Ithuba elisuke kukho kwasemihleni omnye ukuya esixhenxe. Esi sifo isiqalo yondele - kunye lobushushu eliphezulu, iintlungu imisipha namalungu. Lobushushu (38 ° C), ibanjwa iintsuku 10-12, kwiimeko kakhulu isaqhubeka de afe.
Laryngitis, nokuthimliswa, iphika kuvela iintsuku 2-3, kukho umqala kakhulu obuhlungu. Kunye phuhliso kwizigulo yinyumoniya wentsholongwane egazini kwenzeka xa izifo ezifana umkhuhlane weentaka.

Iimpawu abantu kusenokuba nje kunxilwe kunye catarrhal. Amaxesha amaninzi oko kwabuchaphazela, kwaye iphecana zesisu, ephelekwa ukugabha, urhudo, iintlungu esiswini. Kusenokubakho ukopha evela empumlweni okanye kwiintsini. Umntu ababegula avian, ukuba ikhawuleza kakhulu ngokonakala zempilo.

ekuxilongweni

Ufuna uncedo lonyango zobungcali xa urhano nakancinane umkhuhlane weentaka. Iimpawu abantu kwenzeka emva ukunxibelelana iintaka abagulayo okanye umntu, ibangela unyango olukhawulezileyo kwagqirha. Ugqirha-therapist ziya kuhlolwa udliwano-ndlebe nomonde, simise zophando ezongeziweyo. Xa ukumamela imiphunga ukuba baqala ukuphuhlisa inyumoniya, echazwa ukuphefumla nzima, babe crackles. Ngexesha X-ray elibhaqiweyo ekusasazeni ngokukhawuleza nokungena.

Ngokubanzi, uhlalutyo legazi isifo esinjalo ukuhla kwenani leukocytes, lymphocyte neeplatelets. Kuba ukuxilongwa, ukongeza uvavanyo lwegazi, kufuneka kuwisa swab esuka empumlweni.

Xa abantu, isigulana kunokuba isibindi indawo ebanzi, ukuze aphuhlise ukusilela kwezintso.

Indlela yokuphatha?

unyango Avian flu kwenzeka kwisebe ezosulelayo esibhedlele apho umntu aya kutyunjwa iziyobisi antiviral, ngoko ukuba unyango nomqondiso. Ichiza zisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo antiviral "Tamiflu", nto leyo eye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ngethuba nezifo ka-2008 no-2009.

Ngaphantsi nje buthathaka, kodwa olusebenzayo kweziyobisi ngenxa unyango lwe-avian - oku "Arbidol", oko kukuthi inokusetyenziswa ngendlela ephakamileyo sinika kangangoko antiviral. Nobushushu nangecesina kunceda ukumelana iziyobisi eziqulathe acetaminophen ( "ibuprofen", "UDenise", "Efferalgan"). Iziyobisi eziqulathe interferon kufuneka ube namandla okuzikhusela malunga nesigulane eso.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nesizungu epheleleyo yesigulane, nto leyo ethintela usulelo nabantu ngeenxa zonke. Umntu ogulayo kufuneka iimveliso ngamnye ngococeko, ibhedi, impahla, izitya, njl Kwinqanaba nokoyika esi sifo kuyimfuneko rhoqo lokuhlamba iphecana eliphezulu wokuphefumla, ukuze ukususa yencindi wayiqokelela. Ukongeza, isigulane kufuneka esitya ukutya engqongqo, ngaphandle okanye umda eqhotsiweyo, ukutya okuneziqholo asidi.

ukuvimbela

Ukunqanda ukusuleleka, kufuneka:

• Kuphephe ukuqhagamshelana kunye neentaka zasendle.
• Abantwana kufuneka aluvumelekanga ukubondla ngesandla.
• Xa uphawu incinane yokugula yenkukhu kufuneka kutshatyalaliswa, ingxelo isiganeko kwikliniki yonyango lwezilwanyana.
• Found iinkuku kwabafileyo, kufuneka ngoko nangoko kumngcwaba, ubeke phezu imaski elingqingqwa, impahla zokuzikhusela iiglavu.
• Ukuba unayo iinkukhu, musa ukulibala ukuba bahlambe izandla zabo rhoqo kakuhle.
• Kufuneka ukuba bafumane amayeza umbala kwindawo yonyango, ukuya kummandla, apho umkhuhlane weentaka ibonakele. Nokuthintela iquka kogonyo, yaye ufumana amayeza antiviral.
• Nangona amatyala usulelo emva zokusela inyama yenkuku zaye ongabhaliswanga ngokusemthethweni, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhumbula kulunyukwe xa bepheka iinkukhu kunye namaqanda na. unyango ubushushu ngenyameko kunceda ukuba bayitshabalalise le ntsholongwane.

Ukuba ufumana ngokwakho imiqondiso nakancinane komkhuhlane weentaka ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, qhagamshelana uncedo lonyango. ukhathalelo lwempilo ngexesha ezaneleyo uyabasindisa ezempilo, kwaye kwiimeko kakhulu - nokuba nobomi.