Barberry etyholweni inkcazelo, ukutyala kunye nokhathalelo

Beautiful ityholwana zokuhomba - barberry - ukunika ebaleni yakho imbono omlingo khethekileyo emthonjeni, xa intlahla neentyantyambo zaso omthubi kunye livumba ubuncwane, yaye de kokwindla, xa brush leziqhamo eqaqambileyo ezibomvu zidityaniswe kunye namagqabi ezoyikekayo eliorenji. Kwaye ukuba siye songeza iipropati amayeza ephakamileyo, ukuba kutyalwe bush barberry - ngumba elivaliweyo. data ye ezilula yokhathalelo izityalo kunye ngothango wafumana muhle.

Inkcazelo plant

Igama ityholo original zokuhombisa lisuka beriberi Arabic, nto leyo ithetha - isinki. Zalo yeentyatyambo ngokwenene khangela njengaye. Luphawulwa eyayizalwa, ameva kunye amaxolo ukukhanya barberry brown zezityalo. Imilinganiselo ityholo unokufikelela ubude 3.5 m Rhizoma -. Odrevesnevaet, nowezinambuzane. Ukubaleka ekupheleni - ngqo, emthubi, yaye kamva baza zipeyintwe eziluhlaza namhlophe. Xa Amahlumelo ezimfutshane evela amathupha kuvela kushiya ubude-4 cm, zingcakacile, okweqanda okanye obovate. Xa Amahlumelo elide neyavela ameva emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu ukuya kwi-2 cm.

Entwasahlobo, ekupheleni Epreli kunye nasekuqaleni May, kwisityalo kuvela ngebrashi elimnandi leentyatyambo atyheli. Inani labo ungakwazi ukufikelela ukuya ziingceba-25. Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, iziqhamo ebomvu okanye iziqhamo purple eqaqambileyo imilo lume ityholwana. Barberry uye iimbewu 7 mm ubude, tapering aza atshabalalisa kwi isabelo layo eliphezulu.

Distribution kunye nendalo

Ngaphambili barberry ayikwazanga kufumaneka kuphela eYurophu, eCaucasus kunye Asia Minor. Wakhetha zone emathafeni kunye yokukhanyisa ezaneleyo kunye nomhlaba owomileyo. Bakufumanisa ukuba ezintabeni, kwintaba ephakame km ukuya ku-2. Kubonakala ngathi ityholwana barberry olukhula endle? I sityalo kunokuba ebukekayo. Namhlanje, ngenxa yokuba kukho inani elikhulu kwiintlobo ethatyathwe, zokuhomba ityholo barberry kufumana ngaphandle kwi Arctic okanye Antarctic.

izakhiwo eziluncedo

Ngaphandle berry sivuthiwe, ezinye zonke iindawo zesityalo ziqulethe i berberine alkaloid. Iingcambu nazo nezinye sezakhi: oksiakantin, yatrorritsin, palmatin, kolumbamin. Xa tannins amaxolo amaninzi kunye nentlaka enuka kumagqabi - vitamin K. Isiqhamo zavuthwa iqulethe carotenoids - flavoksantin lutein, xanthophyll, njl, kwakunye iswekile, malic acid, pectins ..

Naxa Russia yamandulo zanyanzelisa kwiingcambu utywala, amagqabi kunye amaxolo ukumisa igazi evela amanxeba kunye nokunciphisa ukudumba. Barberry - zintsholongwane efanelekileyo, banikwa uhlobo leyo kunye ezahlukeneyo izifo zemiphunga. Nokubandakanywa leziqhamo bya amajoni omzimba, isibindi wahlala. ERoma yamandulo kubhekwe ukuba barberry kuzisa uvuyo kunye namathamsanqa, ngoko vika kakhulu.

Kule mihla iyeza tincture esemthethweni etywaleni evela amagqabi esetyenziswa zuza ukuba ayeke zesibeleko ukopha kwaye zinqanda ukudumba. Berberine yokuphatha iingxaki eziphambili wesibindi kunye nenyongo lwesinye. Isicatshulwa zolwelo leziqhamo lula ukuhlaselwa sisifo seengcongconi, ngenxa ipropati enamandla diaphoretic. Xa isifo samathambo ngoncedo ukuthomalalisa iintlungu.

Ukusetyenziswa barberry

Berry eyamkelwe kakhulu ngokubanzi upheka incindi kunye neziselo iziqhamo, hooter kunye jellies. Kwaye ufake ngumgubo berry lomiswa sauce ukuya inyama, neendlebe intsapho yakho ayisayi tsala kwi nembasa. E Central Asia pilaf esingayilungisanga ngaphandle barberry, kunye nabantu eCaucasus yidibanise esihogweni.

Ngenxa incasa barberry ubumuncu uyakwazi ukutshintsha iviniga. A iziqhamo ezimuncu zifakwa managers indawo capers. Nokuhlanganiswa broth ekusetyenzisweni lwezilwanyana njenge hemostatic kwi amanxeba ezahlukeneyo izilwanyana.

Barberry nokukhulelwa

Ngelishwa, xa kwindawo umdla bayinikele umva ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa zombini berry, kunye liqueurs ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa sezakhi eziqulethwe isisu yezityalo. Kwakhona iziqhamo ukhulelwe zingabangela ukuyilwa egazi.

Nangona kunjalo, imali encinci sauce ukuya inyama kunye okuqulethwe barberry kwenza nto imbi, ukuba ngokwenene ufuna khona, udle impilo. Nje musa ukulibala ukuba yonke into kufuneka abe nokumodareyithwa.

Njani yaye phi ukuba ndilutyale barberry

Ukutyala barberry bush luqala nokukhetha site. Esi sityalo ithanda iindawo ezivulekileyo, kakuhle ekwezi ilanga. Kuba eziphilayo ezivela kwi Central Asia, khetha indawo kufuneka kangangokuba akukho drafti. neemfuneko zomhlaba ka ityholo barberry unalo kulandelayo: loams okanye kakuhle kumhlaba owomileyo, kuba isityalo akayithandi amanzi.

Ukutyala barberry ityholo kwisithuba eyabelwe ukukhula lwenziwa entwasahlobo, phambi kokuba ithupha baqale okwentyatyambo, kodwa ithuba indiza ekwindla, xa amagqabi sebeqala ukuwa. Phambi kokutyala emhadini ongezwe ngumxube wamatye, umhlaba kunye nesanti (kusenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo ngokulinganayo). Ubunzulu kufuneka 25-30 cm ukuba izithole nyaka-2-3 ubudala, yaye 40-50 - kuba abaneminyaka 5-7. Ukuba ngaba uceba ukwenza ngothango, kuyimfuneko ukuba ndityale ehlathini esemseleni wawakhotha. Ukuba kwingingqi yakho umhlaba asidi, ezifana umgquba, ngoko phantsi kwamatyholo kufuneka ukongeza iinkuni ash 200 g, ngekalika okanye dolomite umgubo - 300-400 yeziChumiso kuya kufuneka g 100 kuphela superphosphate.

Indlela yokunyamekela etyholweni barberry

Ukuba ndatyala amatyholo barberry, ukuzinakekela elula. Ukuba indawo ekhethiweyo kokufika wayechan ekuqaleni, kwaye ukuba nomoya omhle umhlaba, ngoko ke iingcambu zisempilweni yaye bayakwazi ukuba aphefumle. Nje ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka athambise umhlaba ukhuphe ukhula.

Entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kweli xesha lonyaka okanye ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kweentyatyambo kufuneka kunqunyulwa barberry. ezihlabayo Izimvu okwenziwa qho ngonyaka. Eli nyathelo ngqo bakuzabalazele isithsaba oluchumileyo kunye nokususwa ehluma buthathaka yaye egula. Kwaye musa ukulibala ngelixa ukuthetha ngameva abukhali barberry. Kunyaka olandelayo emva kokutyala entwasahlobo ngokuyimfuneko Feed i-nitrogen isichumiso a barberry. Imilinganiselo esetyholweni nezidubula oluchumileyo ziya kubulela kuwe ngenxa kukhathalelo olunjalo. Phinda yokuvundisa kuyimfuneko qho emva kweminyaka emithathu.

Main iindlela zikhwelwe barberry

Kukho iindlela ezine eziphambili ukuze nande kwindawo barberry babo; kwisahlulo ngetyholo, ukutyala izithole, izithole sapling kunye nembewu.

• Hlwayelani imbewu yomhlaba kufuneka ukuba siwe. Press esandula awukhethanga iziqhamo, qala phantsi kwamanzi ukubaleka kunye owomileyo ubhambatha. Mababulawe ukuya kubunzulu akukho sentimitha ngaphezu kwesinye. Umhlaba ke kufuneka ibe loose kunye nendawo kokwehla le wotha kakuhle ilanga. Yi ehlotyeni isityalo siya kukunika waseSibhema lobuhlobo. Kodwa ke kubhetele lokususa ityholo kunyaka barberry.
• Isityalo lulula ezityalwe nge izithole zasehlotyeni. ndayibeka nje kubo imali ilungelo lomhlaba ngoJuni, yaye emva kokuba isibini kweminyaka uya kuba izinto ngokwaneleyo ukuze kutyalwe.
• Ulwahlulwa-etyholweni - enye indlela yokuzala. Kulo mzekelo, i tshitshilili engundoqo ngobunono khendimbe, ukuba umonakalo inkqubo iingcambu, ze uyinqunqe ibe ziingceba eziliqela. Ukuba iingcambu zibe ziyatyeba kakhulu, uthe wagawulwa nje lengthwise waza wafumana inxaxheba owayehleli amaqula ezintsha ngokugqithiseleyo yokunyakamisa phambi kokutyala kwabo.
• Izithole ezenziwe entwasahlobo bamasebe abaselula yaye isempilweni. Around bush ukumba vee, kwaye zifunjwe isebe ekhethiweyo. Apho iyalungiswa zigqunywe nomhlaba, ukuze ukusuka ngaphandle kukho kwincam enye kuphela. Kulo lonke ixesha slips ubunamanzi kakuhle, kwaye ukuwa uya kuba ukulungele zokutyala kwamatyholo.

Izinambuzane nezifo

Ngelixa zokuhombisa bush barberry ngokwaneleyo ukumelana kuzo zombini izifo imingxunya isisifo, kodwa ithe gqolo kubo. Of izifo fungal yi anthracnose eziqheleke kakhulu angumgubo nangesihumba. Kwimeko yokuqala, esi sifo kubonakala aziingwevu umbala omdaka emagqabini kwi yesibini - mhlophe ukuba floured, entlahleni phezu amasebe, amagqabi kunye neentyatyambo. kuhlaselwa ezinzwaneni - umqondiso lokuqala komsebenzi amanzi. Kuba unyango isicelo njengezibulali, yaye yabamba uwashiye iindawo sisifo ekufuneka ukuba itshiswe.

Barberry - yesityalo umkhosi eliphakathi yale izinambuzane kwezolimo, njengoko ngundo irusi esichaphazela okuziinkozo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ikhula kufutshane rye nengqolowa amasimi engamkelekanga. Le ngaphandle kuphela Berberis thunbergii, nto leyo semngciphekweni wokosuleleka nomhlwa. Xa isifo phezu eshiya ibala ezibonakalayo-orenji kunye pads kwicala esezantsi, kwaye apho abaqolileyo imbewu kwi inqwaba. Baya kuthunyelwa kwi utyani asendle kunye nenkcubeko, ngoncedo ngumoya.

Enye sifo ngundo ye sodidi Fusarium. Usulelo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iingcambu ezibolayo kunye ngundo nasezimpahleni liphuma ecaleni amasebe, ebangela ukubuna bush. Ukuba uthe wagawulwa isebe, uyakwazi ukubona amakhonkco beempahla brown.

Kuzo zonke izinambuzane zixhaphakileyo izinambuzane kukho iintwala barberry. Ubukho balo kungabonwa emagqabini ukushwabana yabuna. Uyakwazi lahla iintwala nge umxube isepha (-emele yamanzi, 300 g). Flower moth ezinqunquthayo utya amaqunube. Kwimeko kwazo imphathe barberry "trichlorfon" okanye "Decis".

Eyona eziqhelekileyo iindidi barberry

Kunokuba ukungafuni care Berberis vulgaris, okanye barberry oqhelekileyo ebude unako ukufikelela kwiimitha ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Amagqabi zipeyintwe umbala emnyama eliluhlaza kunye neentyatyambo - in mthubi. Thelo kakhulu ezityiwayo, eliphambili, kunye incasa emuncu, zipeyintwe obomvu eliqaqambileyo.

Ukuba ummandla kuneqabaka zakho kakhulu, oku khangela kuwe. Yena ukunyamezeleka kakuhle kwaye kakuhle zibambene nangokubona imbalela. Kunokuba ukwandiswa ngembewu, izithole nokwahlukana etyholweni. Ufuna uthango, ngoko akukho mntu waya? Berberis vulgaris kuya kunceda kulo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha unonophelo kwamatyholo yakho ukufuma agqithisileyo, le ephilayo kalula izifo ezibangelwa zomngundo.

Eso sityalo iintlobo ezininzi:

• Atropurpurea - barberry bush, ifoto yayo thaca ngezantsi, kunye namagqabi abomvu.
• Aureomarginata - isityalo fringed line segolide.
• Albovariegata kunye emagqabini zinaso.

Ngexesha phindo iintlobo-ntlobo yokuqala kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba kuphela inxalenye isityalo siya kugcina iimpawu zayo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngexesha lokutyala imbewu.

Berberis canadensis, okanye Berberis canadensis, njengokuba igama lixela, weza evela North America. Yahlukile kweyabantu abaninzi yaseYurophu umfuziselo ingxobotshane yabanabileyo. Ukumelana iqabaka kunye nembalela. ezisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ngenxa yembonakalo eMerika, ngoko Russia kunqabile kakhulu.

Berberis thunbergii, okanye Berberis thunbergii, oyinzalelwane China kunye Japan. It is a ityholwana phezulu encinane laliziimitha ukuphakama, kodwa ubukhulu ungaba kuze kube kwisiqingatha semitha. Amahlumelo anxibé ameva ezincinane ezinabantu kakhulu. Iintyatyambo Umbala obomvu-elityheli eziqokelelwe ngamaqhosha 2-4 zibe embalini amancinci. Kodwa ke berry kwi ukutya ezingafanelekanga ngenxa incasa yawo krakra, nangona iintaka badle ngothakazelelo olukhulu.

Mu kuya kwa nshita zaseYurophu kwaye American, Berberis thunbergii phantse abagulayo kwezifo fungal, kuquka nerusi. Phinda-phinda nje njengokuba imbewu, kuze kwahlulwe etyholweni, ziintlanga, ngokulula idlule. Kule hlobo kwiintlobo ezingaphezulu kwama-50, nto leyo yahluke kwi umbala wokuqala amagqabi, imilo kunye nobukhulu. Ukuba ufika kuyo i ityholo barberry elinombala ngendlela engaqhelekanga, iifoto wena unomdla, mhlawumbi apho, oku Thunberg.

Berberis x ottawiensis, okanye Ottawa barberry, - hybrid eveliswe yokunqumla barberry ebomvu kunye Thunberg. Owona mahluko - a emnyama amagqabi purple obovate. Xa kufika ukwindla, ukuba zipeyintwe obomvu esisityebi. Beautiful esandleni iintyatyambo omthubi kunye namona zifuna ukuba ngqombela, ezo eqokelelwe kwiiyunithi 8-10, entlahleni kuka May. Ukusuka "umzali" isityalo yabo iye yaba ilungileyo yonke into - nobuhle umbala, elula nokukhululeka kwizifo ezinzwaneni.

Berberis koreana, okanye barberry IsiKorean, ityholwana ukuphakama esikwaziyo ziimitha ezimbini, uye amagqabi amakhulu obovate, bulishica ukuya ngaphandle kwebala. Ekwindla ukuba zipeyintwe ebomvu obomvu-. Isityalo kwabazalelwe kuloo Korean Peninsula. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwa kwi ngebrashi elide amaqhosha 15-20, kwaye nevumba unamandla kakhulu. Barberry is nabalulamileyo kakhulu ukhathalelo kunye ukumelana iqabaka. Kuphela ebusika ezinomoya obubandayo freeze kancinane phezulu kwayo. Kodwa ke obuhle, akazange ungathanda kweli thuba lokuba ukufuma iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye le sityalo yaziwa ukuba semngciphekweni kakhulu ukuba nomhlwa.

Berberis integerrima, barberry okanye lonke, kuza iziza zethu isitiya Central Asia, apho ikhula endaweni ka-2500 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Ukuphakama ityholo inokuba ziimitha ezimbini ezinesiqingatha. Ezi ameva mancinane, cm enye enesiqingatha ubude, yaye kumngcipheko esiluqilima walamba zipeyintwe ngethoni zizimvi eluhlaza. Le inflorescences angaqokelelwa ukuya iintyatyambo tyheli-20, kunye neziqhamo grupo enamathela umbala oluhlaza. Ngaba ungathanda umhlaba asidi mbini barberry bush. Ukutyala nokhathalelo kakhulu ilula. izityalo abadala asinde kakuhle nokuba nobusika ngqwabalala, kodwa lo mfana igutyungelwe ngumkhenkce, kodwa bangamelana ngokulula zokuthena yaye ngokukhawuleza ukukhula.

Berberis sphaerocarpa, okanye barberry sharoplodny (ebizwa kwakhona raznonozhkovym) beza izitiya zethu ekhaya ezintabeni Central Asia. Ityholo unako ukufikelela kwiimitha ezili-2.5 ukuphakama, kunokuba patula, kunye serrulate ushiya ngohlangothi izimvi-green umbala. Eqokelelwe iintyatyambo 5-10 neentyantyambo elimnandi kakhulu. Isiqhamo kunye nentyatyambo oluhlaza zipeyintwe obhulowu bumnyama.

Yabemi Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan kunye Tajikistan basebenzisa amaqunube ekuphekeni, ukongeza sauce ukuze kwiindawo kunye Shurpa. Fruits ziyindlela enkulu yokulwa, ezinokhwekhwe, kuba esisityebi kunene ascorbic acid.

Olu hlobo nabalulamileyo kakhulu care, aqhube nokuba ubushushu kakhulu kunye nembalela elide. It uyazinyamezela ubusika obubandayo, kodwa amahlumelo abaselula banokuchaphazeleka, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba kungabikho. Kodwa ukufuma ngokugqithiseleyo kunokukhokelela barberry isifo sharoplodnogo, ukuba sesichengeni ngokukodwa ukuba nomhlwa. Yibeke kwindawo leyo ongavuthelwanga nge-imimoya umhlaba owomileyo yaye ezimuncu, yaye uya kunandipha iziqhamo okumnandi kunye emhle imbonakalo. Andise kuhle ukusuka izithole kunye nembewu.

Berberis nummularia, okanye barberry monetchaty, kwanawezayo kuthi, evela kumathafa Central kunye North Asia. Ityholwana eyayizalwa kakhulu ukuya kangangeemitha ezi-2. Amasebe zambethe ezibomvana ngameva ezinkulu kakhulu ukuya ku-3 cm. Amagqabi ziluhlaza-eluhlaza ngebala kunokuba ngqwabalala, yonke, imilo lume-okweqanda. Iintyatyambo ezinkulu umbala oqaqambileyo elityheli buthathwa ibrashi. Berry okweqanda zeento ngombala obomvu. Ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka 3-4 ubudala barberry ngokuxhomekeke frostbite, emva koko obuyiselwe elide. Angalifuniyo umhlaba-ogalelwe kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba kalula kwizifo ezinzwaneni. Kodwa imbalela, nkqu enamandla ixesha elide, akoyiki. Umhlaba kufuneka ukukhanya, hayi asidi.

Amur barberry zivela Far East. Endle, ukuba ukhetha ukuhlala kunxweme lomlambo kunye nehlathi ezinemiphetho. Ngaphandle, kakhulu ezahlukene ukusuka barberry Amur eziqhelekileyo, ebude unako ukufikelela 3.5 m. Amagqabi ezinkulu wona aqoqiwe yaye eziluhlaza ziyabuyiseleka ekwindla ukuba mhlawumbi esimthubi okanye emfusa.