Baphelela Lake Urmia e Iran

February 10, 2016 wegqitha isigidimi yanyamalala Bolivia ityuwa echibini Poopó, nto leyo ethatha kanye ummandla ezikwere zeekhilomitha 3000. Kanye umzimba ofanayo anetyuwa kunye landlocked amanzi, ezisengozini, lo Iran. Lake Urmia kwi bancipha ubukhulu nge-70%, kwaye idatha yakutshanje zonke 90% xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ka-1984.

Xa echibini omkhulu ityuwa

Elise emantla-ntshona Iran Urmia lelona chibi likhulu le kusuhi na Middle East. Ukuze bahlale - kodwa iyunithi yolawulo sendawo Iran. Phakathi East and West Azerbaijan i Lake Urmia. Ekuqaleni, umzimba ngamanzi lithathe indawo ummandla 6,000 square metres. km. Eli chibi Amagama eziliqela. Ngokuma odumileyo Arab Istarkhi (malunga 850-934) okhethwe oko uba- Lake (Buhayrat al-Surat), ekuqokelelweni imibhalo engcwele "Avesta", oko kwenzeka phantsi kwegama Chechasht, iguqulelwe kwakhona "emhlophe ngobuhle 'yaye' echibini elingqokolayo amanzi amtyuba. " Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, yayibizwa lweTyuwa Lake nangaphezulu Kabunat, Shahi, Tala, Rezaye.

ezinye parameters

Kwendawo, leyo Lake Urmia kweemitha 1275. Kwakufuneka ukuba side babarhuqela emantla ukuya emazantsi kumgama 140 km, yaye ububanzi zazisuka km-40 ukuya 55. Kodwa oko ngaphambili, kodwa ngoku chibi yayisecicini yokutshabalala. Xa ukufikelela elibanzi Iifoto athelekisekayo kwiisathelayithi, ebonisa indlela amanzi kumthombo shoaling ukususela 1984 ukuya ku-2014. Ke ngemihla yakudala iye yafika leemitha 16 kubunzulu eliphezulu. Lake Urmia ayisetyenziswanga koovimba ezincinane zendalo:-avareji minyaka obeziimitha ezili-5. A kwisiqwenga somhlaba apho onke amanzi aqukuqela kulo naliphi na iqumrhu ethile amanzi kuthiwa kwindawo eqokelela amanzi. Ngaphambili Urmia Ichibi sokwahlukanisa izehlo yaba intsimi leyo eyayifikelela kwi ezikwere zeekhilomitha ezingamawaka 50. Le ichibi libe kwakhona kwiinyanga zasebusika nasentwasahlobo ngenxa kwezulu. Imijelo inkulu zithathwa ukuba babe engasezantsi Jagat kunye Tatavu, emntla-mpuma - Aji Chai. iityuwa ezingundoqo, nto leyo osisityebi echibini, isodiyam kunye chlorine, kunye sulfates (iityuwa kwe-sulphuric acid).

iziqithi

Ekuqaleni, lo wawubizwa kwiziqithi 102, abaninzi kuzo nezizathu ubusika iintaka zifuduka. Abanye babo zigqunywe ngamahlathi zepistasi. Emazantsi emazantsi elwandle kwakukho Sisihloko iziqithi ezincinane 50. Kwi edikeni apho kuhlala ziqithi, ezifana islami, phezu incopho eliphezulu yona Monastery of Hulagu Khan (engcwabeni na khans Mongol). Ngu abaphilayo kwakhona Kabudan kunye Espirit, Ashk kunye Arezoo, leyo yabola amaxhama Iranian yellow. Isiqithi idume yeCajun-D ihlabathi yayo enezityalo ezinqabileyo. Ukongeza, ukuba, ukongeza iibhokhwe, nehlosi ubomi.

Biota

Ukuba chibi omiweyo iziqithi, kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo. Ichibi ke iinqanawa unyaka wonke, ngoko ke ayithethi ngumkhenkce. Ugu zigqunywe umgxobhozo wetyuwa, nje emilonyeni yemilambo angena imigxobhozo kukho iintshinyela ezifanayo yeengcongolo kunye Sitnik (a sodidi elikhulu izityalo kweentyatyambo).

Lake Urmia (iifoto inokubonwa kwinqaku) libhekisela Rose Lake ilizwe. Xa umbala enjalo idayi amachibi koloni Rachkov Artemy, leyo hypersaline kakhulu Urmia. Okokuqala shallowing xi ityuwa emanzini echibini nvulo grams 350 ilitha 1 yamanzi nganye, kanti iqhelekile Urmiya ezibheka 180 grams. Kule umzimba ngamanzi, Kakade ke, akukho iintlanzi. Fauna imelwe flamingos, pelicans kunye shelduck, leyo indlu phezu kolwandle.

City ehlobene echibini

Ngenxa yokukhetheka Urmia, ipaka yesizwe yasekwa ngowe-1967, nkqubo leyo iquka inxalenye enkulu yale ndawo. UNESCO ngenxa ecosystem ngokungaqhelekanga eyaziwayo biosphere yokugcina ndawo. Ngqo elunxwemeni kwamanzi, phezu ityuwa zokuhlala nomgxobhozo apho. Bona asondelelene. Umzekelo, kwi isixeko kunxweme olusentshona unalo igama elifanayo, nto leyo iziko lolawulo kuhlala ka-West Azerbaijan. Capital ka East Azerbaijan, isixeko yesithathu ngobukhulu ye Iran ukususela kwiminyaka 4000 yembali kunye nabantu nesiqingatha sesigidi - Tabriz. Zizo ezi iindawo ezinkulu endhawini edikeni apho, bakhonkxwe emendweni, eyakhelwe kwidama lahlukanise idike ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini.

ubangela shallowing

Kuzo zonke iindawo ezingqonge kukho ngaphezulu kwe-14 lezigidi. Abantu, leyo kufuna isixa esikhulu samanzi. Esi sesinye sezizathu shoaling of Urmia. Ezakhelwe ngo-2008, idama, yokudibanisa eMpuma West Azerbaijan, akazange ukuphucula izinto eziphilayo elwandle, kwakunye idama dam umlambo owawuphuma. Ubunzulu yangoku edikeni Urmia kwezinye iindawo kakhulu zingabalulekanga. Kukhuthaza shallowing kunye nembalela, eyaqala ngo-1998.

umbundu kokulawulwa

Ngokutsho kweengcali, kwimeko yokuduka lokugqibela elwandle, kunokuba uya kuba apha ngaphezulu kwama-10 ezigidi. Iitoni netyuwa akukho abemi, njengoko baya kunyanzeleka ukuba ashiye mazwe abo. Alarm ephakanyiswe zizazinzulu ehlabathini jikelele ziye zabonisa ukuba kwimeko ukusonga sele 2018 kwisayithi ye ichibi imigxobhozo, lavakala. Nangona ngo-2011 i-ntliziyo alwela ukugcina edikeni, entolongweni. Kutheni? Ngenxa yokuba amanzi kutsalwa ukusuka kulo mzimba zamanzi ezifunekayo ukuze unkcenkceshele amasimi. Ngoko ke, urhulumente wakhetha elingezantsi ububi ezimbini.

Izicwangciso ukusindisa

Umsebenzi phezu usindiso ichibi yaqala ngo-2012 xa imvume eArmenia iye ifunyenwe ukutshintshwa kwamanzi Urmia inxalenye kwiriphabliki. Ukuze isiziba Iranian alukapheli ngokupheleleyo, sikhumbula bayahlelwa buhlungu loLwandle Aral, izazinzulu bamazwe ezininzi ziye liphuhlise isicwangciso ukugcina idike. Kukho izicwangciso eziliqela, yaye abaninzi babo ijolise ekunciphiseni notsalo amanzi namachibi kunye nemilambo kokunikeza ukulungiselela iinjongo zezolimo. Kodwa mvanje, amathemba elikhulu oLwandle lweCaspian. Ukuba projekthi, umsebenzi academicians kunye 500 Iingcali ezivela kumazwe angama-50 kuzo zonke amazwekazi (ezi ngcali awunalo ulwazi olwaneleyo olufunyenwe kuphuhliso ukuvuselelwa woLwandle Aral), yenzelwe ngokuchanekileyo yaye iya kumiliselwa, ukubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo umthamo wamanzi sedikeni enokulindelwa ngo 2023.

ichibi favorite

Abantu balapha babekuthanda kakhulu ichibi yakho. Okokuqala, amanzi zamahlathi, nobubele kwaye impiliso - Kungamnandi kakhulu ukuqubha kuyo. Okwesibini, i-unique othathe uhlobo engaqhelekanga iziqithi ezincinane yetyuwa (ngenqindi Osman), ingxelo unxweme kwindawo eyinqaba kakhulu ngenxa ityuwa, Abachithachithe imitha yelanga. Ngenxa konke oku, indawo enhle kakhulu kwaye unique ezingqonge Lake Urmia. Inkcazelo kunye photo, ngasentla, ukubonisa ngokucacileyo le ubuhle ngqwabalala engenanxunguphalo. Elunxwemeni, unako ukufumana iintlobo ziikristale ngobukhulu ezahlukeneyo iimilo - iintsapho abantu beze chu ecaleni elunxwemeni ozithandayo ichibi.

Indlela enkulu

Kakade ke, Urmia Lake kanti kakhulu: emi phakathi entlango, abamhlophe kunye netyuwa ngumhlwa nabani launches ezingeyomfuneko, izindlu ishiywe kwaoko kunxweme yangaphambili apha, imithi yabuna. Ngoko ke, ukuba izazinzulu yehlabathi asebenza ukuthintela enye intlekele yendalo aze abuyele uxolo kunye nobuhle. Urhulumente Iranian, kunye neNkqubo yoPhuhliso UN abanenjongo imali eluvukweni edikeni 1.3 bln. Eerandi. Le mali iya ngqo nje kuphela ukuthunyelwa kwamanzi avela kwezinye iindawo (umzekelo, i-Araz River), kodwa kwakhona ukuphucula ukusebenza yokusebenzisa ulwelo ezithathwe namachibi ukulungiselela iinjongo zezolimo. Le phakeji yokufunda ibandakanya izivakalisi 25 apho zonke zipeyintwe iinkcukacha olukhulu.

Bright Ukubona Iran

Ndimele ndithi nangoku, xa ichibi inkulu Iranian zikwimeko ezinjalo amahlwempu, kukho ezininzi izinto ezidinga ingqalelo. Ingaba Ichibi Urmia kufuphi Mount Ararat, kumazantsi kwezi nduli Armenian. Uyakwazi ukufikelela oko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. E Tabriz, kukho moya, Urmia kunye neminye imizi Iran wajoyina yemoto emangalisayo. Ukusuka kwezi zixeko zibini ngqo elwandle ifikeleleka ngendlea ibhasi okanye uthathe iteksi.